貨

See also: 货, 賃, and 貸
貨 U+8CA8, 貨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CA8
← 貧
[U+8CA7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 販 →
[U+8CA9]

Translingual

Han character

貨 (radical 154, 貝+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人心月山金 (OPBUC), four-corner 24806, composition ⿱化貝)

Descendants

References
  • KangXi: page 1205, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36678
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1667, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3627, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8CA8

Chinese
trad. 貨
simp. 货

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 貨
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訛 *ŋʷaːl
吪 *ŋʷaːl
鈋 *ŋʷaːl
囮 *lu, *ŋʷaːl
魤 *ŋʷaːl
靴 *hʷa
貨 *hŋʷaːls
花 *hʷraː
化 *hŋʷraːls
杹 *hŋʷraːls
匕 *pilʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hŋʷaːls) : phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls) + semantic 貝 (“shell, money”) – valuable goods.

Pronunciation
Note:
  • hè/hèr/hòe - vernacular;
  • hò/hòⁿ - literary.
Rime
Character 貨
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 呼臥切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /huɑH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /huɑH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hwaH/
Li
Rong		 /xuɑH/
Wang
Li		 /xuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huò
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 貨
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 huò
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xwaH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʷʰˁaj-s/
English (movable) property, goods

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 貨
Reading # 1/1
No. 5325
Phonetic
component		 化
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 貨
Old
Chinese		 /*hŋʷaːls/

Definitions

貨

  1. goods; commodities; products
  2. (derogatory) used to refer to a person

Compounds
Derived terms from 貨

Japanese

Kanji
貨

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. currency
  2. goods

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

貨 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

貨 (hoá)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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