波

See also: 疲
波 U+6CE2, 波
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CE2
← 泡
[U+6CE1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 泣 →
[U+6CE3]

Translingual

Han character

波 (radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水木竹水 (EDHE), four-corner 34147, composition ⿰氵皮)

Derived characters

Descendants
  • Japanese: は (ha)

References
  • KangXi: page 617, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17308
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1012, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1597, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6CE2

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 波
水面波

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (皮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
陂 *pral, *prals
詖 *pral, *prals
彼 *pralʔ
柀 *pralʔ
佊 *pralʔ, *prals
貱 *prals
跛 *prals, *paːlʔ
披 *pʰral, *pʰralʔ
鈹 *pʰral
帔 *pʰral, *pʰrals
鮍 *pʰral
耚 *pʰral
狓 *pʰral
翍 *pʰral
旇 *pʰral, *brals
秛 *pʰral, *pʰrals
紴 *pʰralʔ, *paːl
皮 *bral
疲 *bral
被 *bralʔ, *brals
髲 *brals
鞁 *brals
骳 *mbralʔ
波 *paːl
碆 *paːl, *baːl
菠 *paːl
簸 *paːlʔ, *paːls
駊 *paːlʔ, *pʰaːlʔ
頗 *pʰaːl, *pʰaːlʔ, *pʰaːls
坡 *pʰaːl
玻 *pʰaːl
破 *pʰaːls
婆 *baːl
蔢 *baːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *paːl) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 皮 (OC *bral).

Etymology 1
“wave; undulation”
Debated.
STEDT and Starostin derive it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/m-ba (“wave; ripple”). Cognate with Tibetan རྦ (rba), དབའ (dba', “wave”).
Schuessler (2007) notes a mismatch of the vowels in the above comparanda, and instead posits a root *paj (“slanted; not level”), also subsuming 陂 (OC *pral, “slope; slanting”).
Wang (1982) relates it to 播 (OC *paːls, “to winnow”), 簸 (OC *paːlʔ, *paːls, “to winnow”).
“ball; ball game; gearbox; typhoon signal; boob; dance”
Borrowed from English ball.

Pronunciation
Note: 4poq - only used in 寧波.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 波
Mandarin Beijing /pʰo⁵⁵/
/po⁵⁵/
Harbin /pɤ⁴⁴/
/pʰɤ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /pʰo²¹/
Jinan /pə²¹³/
Qingdao /pə²¹³/
Zhengzhou /pʰo²⁴/
Xi'an /pʰo²¹/
Xining /pɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /puə⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /pə³¹/
Ürümqi /pɤ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /po⁵⁵/
Chengdu /po⁵⁵/
Guiyang /po⁵⁵/
Kunming /po⁴⁴/
Nanjing /po³¹/
Hefei /pʊ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /pɤ¹¹/
Pingyao /pʰɔ¹³/
/pɔ¹³/
Hohhot /pɤ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /pu⁵³/
Suzhou /pu⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /po³³/
Wenzhou /pu³³/
Hui Shexian /pɔ³¹/
Tunxi /po¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /po³³/
Xiangtan /po³³/
Gan Nanchang /po⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /po⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /po²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pɔ⁵³/
Nanning /pɔ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /pɔ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /po⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /pʰo⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /pɔ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /po³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔbo²³/
Rime
Character 波
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 博禾切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /puɑ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /puɑ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /puɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pwa/
Li
Rong		 /puɑ/
Wang
Li		 /puɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /puɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bō
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 波
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bō
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pa ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pˁaj/
English wave (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 波
Reading # 1/1
No. 9719
Phonetic
component		 皮
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 波
Old
Chinese		 /*paːl/

Definitions

波

  1. wave; breaker
  2. undulation
  3. (sciences) wave
    聲波 / 声波  ―  shēngbō  ―  sound wave
    微波  ―  wēibō  ―  microwave
  4. (Sichuan, including Chongqing and Neijiang) elderly person
  5. (Cantonese) ball (Classifier: 個／个)
  6. (Cantonese) ball game, especially football (Classifier: 場／场)
  7. (Cantonese) gearbox; transmission
  8. (Hong Kong Cantonese) typhoon signal (issued by the Hong Kong Observatory)
    八號波 / 八号波 [Cantonese]  ―  baat3 hou6 bo1 [Jyutping]  ―  Typhoon Signal No. 8
  9. (chiefly Hong Kong Cantonese) boob; breast (Classifier: 對／对; 個／个)
  10. (Hong Kong Cantonese) dance; ball (Classifier: 個／个)
  11. Short for 波蘭／波兰 (Bōlán, “Poland”).
  12. Short for 波斯 (Bōsī, “Persia”).
  13. A surname​.

Compounds
Derived terms from 波

See also
Dialectal synonyms of 乳房 (“breast”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 乳
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 乳房
Mandarin Beijing 咂兒, 咂咂兒, 媽媽
Taiwan 咪咪, 奶子
Tianjin 個個
Harbin 奶子, 奶胖子, 咂兒, 咂咂兒, 媽兒媽兒
Hailar 咂咂兒
Ulan Hot 咂兒, 奶頭, 媽媽
Tongliao 咂兒, 奶頭
Chifeng 乳房
Bayanhot 高高, 奶頭
Jinan 媽媽, 奶
Muping 奶子
Luoyang 奶
Wanrong 奶
Xi'an 奶頭, 奶
Qingdao 奶子
Zhengzhou 媽
Xining 奶頭
Xuzhou 媽媽
Yinchuan 高高
Lanzhou 苶苶
Ürümqi 奶子, 高高
Wuhan 媽, 媽媽, 奶
Chengdu 奶奶, 包子 humorous
Guiyang 咪咪, 奶
Guilin 奶
Liuzhou 奶
Kunming 奶
Yangzhou 奶子
Nanjing 奶兒, 奶子
Hefei 奶頭
Nantong 奶子
Cantonese Guangzhou 𢆡
Hong Kong 𢆡, 波
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 媽仔
Foshan 𢆡
Shunde 乳房
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 𢆡
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 𢆡, 奄
Taishan 𢆡
Kaiping (Chikan) 𢆡
Dongguan 𢆡, 奶
Shaoguan 奶
Yunfu 𢆡
Yangjiang 𢆡
Xinyi 𢆡
Nanning 奶
Wuzhou 奶
Yulin 𢆡
Kuala Lumpur 𢆡, 奶
Gan Nanchang 奶
Lichuan 奶
Pingxiang 奶
Hakka Meixian 乳菇
Xingning 乳菇, 乳
Huidong 乳菇, 乳
Qujiang 乳
Xiaosanjiang 乳房, 乳
Luchuan 乳
Changting 乳
Pingyu 乳菇
Wuping 乳菇
Ninghua 乳菇
Yudu 奶
Ruijin 乳
Shicheng 乳菇, 乳
Shangyou 波
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 乳菇
Liudui (S. Sixian) 乳菇
Hsinchu (Hailu) 乳菇
Dongshi (Dabu) 乳菇
Hsinchu (Raoping) 乳菇
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 乳
Hong Kong 乳菇
Sabah 乳
Senai 乳菇
Singkawang 乳, 乳菇
Huizhou Jixi 奶, 奶脯
Shexian 奶, 媽
Tunxi 奶
Jin Taiyuan 奶, 奶奶
Xinzhou 奶, 奶奶, 奶牛, 奶牛牛
Baochang 奶
Jining 奶
Hohhot 牛牛
Baotou 奶
Dongsheng 奶
Linhe 奶頭
Haibowan 奶頭
Min Bei Jian'ou 奶, 奶脬, 奶座
Min Dong Fuzhou 奶奶, 奶
Changle 奶奶
Fuqing 奶奶
Yongtai 奶
Gutian 奶
Fu'an 奶
Ningde 奶
Shouning 奶
Zhouning 奶
Fuding 奶
Min Nan Xiamen 奶, 奶仔
Quanzhou 奶, 奶仔
Zhangzhou 奶, 奶仔
Taipei 奶
Kaohsiung 奶
Tainan 奶
Taichung 奶
Wuqi 奶
Hsinchu 奶
Taitung 奶
Lukang 奶
Sanxia 奶仔
Yilan 奶
Kinmen 奶
Magong 奶
Penang 奶
Singapore 奶, 奶仔
Philippines (Manila) 奶仔
Pingnan 奶
Chaozhou 奶
Shantou 奶
Johor Bahru 奶
Wenchang 奶
Haikou 奶
Puxian Min Putian 奶
Xianyou 奶
Pinghua Nanning 奶頭
Guilin 奶
Wu Shanghai 奶, 奶奶
Suzhou 奶奶
Hangzhou 奶奶
Wenzhou 奶奶, 奶
Chongming 奶
Danyang 奶奶
Jinhua 奶, 奶窠
Ningbo 奶奶脯, 奶脯, 奶奶
Xiang Changsha 奶子, 奶, 奶唧唧 childish, 唧唧 childish
Shuangfeng 奶婆
Xiangtan 奶痣婆
Loudi 奶婆
Quanzhou 奶婆, 奶

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 波 – see 簸 (“to winnow; to bump; to jerk; to jolt”).
(This character, 波, is the second-round simplified form of 簸.)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji
波

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. wave

Readings

Compounds
Compounds
Kanji in this term
波
なみ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Etymology

/nami1/ → /nami/

From Old Japanese 奈美 (nami1), from Proto-Japonic *nami.

Pronunciation

Noun

波 (hiragana なみ, rōmaji nami)

  1. wave

Proper noun

波 (hiragana なみ, rōmaji Nami)

  1. A female given name

Proper noun

波 (hiragana ぽ, rōmaji Po)

  1. (abbreviation) short notation of Poland

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

波 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)

  1. (물결, mulgyeol) wave, undulation

Derived terms

Vietnamese

Han character

波 (ba, bể)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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