怎
See also: 咋
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Translingual
Han character
怎 (radical 61, 心+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸心 (HSP), four-corner 80331, composition ⿱乍心)
Derived characters
- 𠷿
References
- KangXi: page 379, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10431
- Dae Jaweon: page 708, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2280, character 10
- Unihan data for U+600E
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
怎 |
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Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲) : phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
Etymology
First attested in the word 怎生 [10th c.] (Yuan et al., 1996).
Contraction of 作 (MC t͡sɑk̚) + some variant of 物 (MC mɨut̚, “thing; what”), literally “to do what” (Norman, 1988). This is evidenced in forms found in the Tang and Song dynasties (Yuan et al., 1996): 作勿生 (MC t͡sɑk̚ mɨut̚ ʃˠæŋ) [8th c.], 作沒生 (MC t͡sɑk̚ muət̚ ʃˠæŋ) [8th c.], 作摩 (MC t͡sɑk̚ muɑ) [10th c.], 作麼 (MC t͡sɑk̚ muɑX) [10th c.].
Pronunciation
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 怎麼 (“how”) [map] | ||
---|---|---|
Variety | Location | Words |
Classical Chinese | 何, 如何 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 怎麼 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 怎麼 |
Jinan | 怎麼 | |
Xi'an | 咋, 咋樣兒 | |
Wuhan | 麼, 麼樣, 哪樣 | |
Chengdu | 咋, 咋個, 啷個 | |
Yangzhou | 井幹 | |
Hefei | 怎樣, 怎 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 點, 點樣 |
Hong Kong | 點, 點樣 | |
Taishan | 幾何 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 啷, 啷樣 |
Hakka | Meixian | 仰般 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 仰般, 仰仔 | |
Liudui (S. Sixian) | 仰仔 | |
Hsinchu (Hailu) | 仰般 | |
Dongshi (Dabu) | 仰脣, 仰 | |
Hsinchu (Raoping) | 仰般, 仰般形 | |
Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 仰子 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 咋, 咋底 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 怎怎, 怎, 怎其 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 按怎, 怎影 |
Taipei | 按怎 | |
Penang | 按怎 | |
Chaozhou | 在生, 乜生, 做呢 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 哪能 |
Suzhou | 捺亨 | |
Wenzhou | 訾那, 訾那能 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 何什 |
Shuangfeng | 麼家 |
Compounds
References
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01333
- “怎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
怎
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Vietnamese
Han character
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References
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