援

援	U+63F4, 援 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-63F4

← 揳
[U+63F3]

CJK Unified Ideographs

揵 →
[U+63F5]

Translingual

Han character

援 (radical 64, 手+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 手月一水 (QBME), four-corner 5204₇, composition ⿰扌爰)

References

KangXi: page 445, character 2

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12407

Dae Jaweon: page 795, character 18

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1921, character 5

Unihan data for U+63F4

Chinese

simp. and trad.		援

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
暖	*noːnʔ
煖	noːnʔ, qʰʷan
喛	qʰʷaːns, qʰʷan
緩	*ɢʷaːnʔ
鰀	*ɢʷaːnʔ
嵈	*ɢʷaːnʔ
鍰	*ɢʷraːn
湲	*ɢʷan
媛	ɢʷans, ɢʷan
瑗	*ɢʷans
援	ɢʷans, ɢʷan
褑	*ɢʷans
諼	qʰʷan, qʰʷanʔ
愋	*qʰʷan
楥	*qʰʷans
爰	*ɢʷan
鶢	*ɢʷan
蝯	*ɢʷan
猨	*ɢʷan

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuán (yuan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wun⁴, jyun⁴, jyun⁶
Min Dong (BUC): uông
Min Nan (POJ): oân / oān / hoān / oan / hōaⁿ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
  - Wade–Giles: yüan²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
  - IPA ^(key): /y̯ɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wun⁴, jyun⁴, jyun⁶
  - Yale: wùhn, yùhn, yuhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wun⁴, jyn⁴, jyn⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: wun⁴, yun⁴, yun⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /wuːn²¹/, /jyːn²¹/, /jyːn²²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: uông
  - IPA ^(key): /uɔŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân
  - Tâi-lô: uân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oaan
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /uan²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oān
  - Tâi-lô: uān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oan
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /uan²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /uan³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
  - Tâi-lô: huān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /huan²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oan
  - Tâi-lô: uan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oafn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /uan³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: huānn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvoa
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /huã²²/

Note:

oân/oān/hoān - literary;
hoāⁿ - vernacular;
oan - vernacular (俗).

Middle Chinese: /ɦʉɐn/, /ɦˠiuᴇn^H/▼

Rime
Character	援	援
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	云 (35)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	元 (66)	仙 (80)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	Chongniu III
Fanqie	雨元切	王眷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʉɐn/	/ɦˠiuᴇn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷiɐn/	/ɦʷᵚiɛn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuɐn/	/ɣiuæn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuan/	/ɦwian^H/
Li Rong	/ɣiuɐn/	/ɣjuɛn^H/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwɐn/	/ɣĭwɛn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wɐn/	/i̯wɛn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuán	yuàn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷa[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷans/, /*ɢʷan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	援
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuán
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷa[n]/
English	pull up
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	援	援
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16167	16175
Phonetic component	爰	爰
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	瑗	袁
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷans/	/*ɢʷan/

Definitions

援

to aid, to assist, to help

Compounds

人道救援
備援／备援
圍城打援／围城打援
增援 (zēngyuán)
外援 (wàiyuán)
奧援／奥援 (àoyuán)
孤立無援／孤立无援 (gūlìwúyuán)
彈盡援絕／弹尽援绝
後援／后援 (hòuyuán)
技術援助／技术援助
援交 (yuánjiāo)
援交妹

援交小姐
援兵 (yuánbīng)
援助 (yuánzhù)
援助之手
援助交際／援助交际 (yuánzhù jiāojì)
援助機構／援助机构
援引 (yuányǐn)
援手 (yuánshǒu)
援救 (yuánjiù)
援用 (yuányòng)
援藏
攀援 (pānyuán)

支援 (zhīyuán)
救援 (jiùyuán)
救援隊／救援队
求援 (qiúyuán)
無援／无援
畔援
聲援／声援 (shēngyuán)
請援／请援
軍事援助／军事援助
阻援
馳援／驰援

Japanese

Kanji

援

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: えん (en, Jōyō); おん (on)
Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)
Kun: たすける (tasukeru, 援ける); ひく (hiku, 援く); たすけ (tasuke)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
援
えん Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 援 (MC ɦʉɐn, ɦˠiuᴇn^H).

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- IPA^(key): [ẽ̞ɴ]

Affix

援 (hiragana えん, rōmaji en)

pull; draw
aid; assist; help

Korean

Hanja

援 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)

Vietnamese

Han character

援 (viện, vén, vẹn, vẻn, vịn, vin, vờn)

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