河
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Translingual
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Han character
河 (radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水一弓口 (EMNR), four-corner 31120, composition ⿰氵可)
Derived characters
- 𪷹, 菏
References
- KangXi: page 613, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17245
- Dae Jaweon: page 1006, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1582, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6CB3
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
河 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 河 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 砢 | *ɡ·raːlʔ |
| 柯 | *kaːl |
| 菏 | *kaːl, *ɡaːl |
| 牁 | *kaːl |
| 滒 | *kaːl |
| 哥 | *kaːl |
| 歌 | *kaːl |
| 謌 | *kaːl |
| 鴚 | *kaːl |
| 哿 | *kaːlʔ |
| 舸 | *kaːlʔ |
| 笴 | *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ |
| 軻 | *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 珂 | *kʰaːl |
| 可 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 岢 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 坷 | *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 蚵 | *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl |
| 呵 | *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls |
| 訶 | *qʰaːl |
| 抲 | *qʰaːl |
| 荷 | *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 何 | *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 河 | *ɡaːl |
| 苛 | *ɡaːl |
| 魺 | *ɡaːl |
| 袔 | *ɡaːls |
| 阿 | *qaːl |
| 妸 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 疴 | *qaːl, *kʰraːls |
| 鈳 | *qaːl |
| 娿 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 痾 | *qaːl |
| 跒 | *kʰraːlʔ |
| 閜 | *qʰraːlʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡaːl) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).
Etymology
Originally particularly used for the Yellow River, with other rivers known as 水 (OC *qʰʷljilʔ). Later extended generally as a word for rivers in northern China but the influence of 江 (OC *kroːŋ, “Yangtze River; river in southern China”) has meant that modern usage tends to favor it for shorter rivers and creeks except in historical cases.
External etymology uncertain. Various hypotheses have been proposed:
- Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Tibetan རྒལ (rgal, “to cross, to traverse”) (Coblin, 1986).
- An Altaic loan. Compare Proto-Mongolic *gowl (“river”) > Mongolian ᠭᠣᠣᠯ (ɣool, “river”) (Norman and Mei, 1976). This was argued against in Zhang (1998).
- Derived from 湖 (OC *ɡaː, “lake”) (Matisoff, 1995).
- Takashima (2012), citing palaeographical and archaeological evidence, posits that the Yellow River's name stemmed from the shape, which resembles an adze handle 柯 (OC *kaːl), of a stretch spanning 500 to 600 kilometers.
Pronunciation
Definitions
河
- † Yellow River
- † (Chinese mythology) Hebo; the god of the Yellow River
- † (Chinese mythology) Yellow River's Map; the plan of the Yellow River (mystic diagram said to have been supernaturally revealed)
- (by extension) river, especially a smaller river, creek, or stream, as distinguished from 江 and 川
- streamside; riverside
- † (figuratively) Milky Way
- (chiefly Cantonese) Short for 河粉 (héfěn).
- A surname: He; Ho
Compounds
Derived terms from 河
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Japanese
Korean
Hanja
河 • (ha) (hangeul 하)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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