π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈwisan/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *wesanΔ… (β€œto be, remain”), from Proto-Indo-European *hβ‚‚wes-. Compare Latin Vesta (β€œgoddess of the hearth”), Sanskrit ΰ€΅ΰ€Έΰ€€ΰ€Ώ (vΓ‘sati, β€œdwell”).

Verb

π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (wisan)

  1. to be
Conjugation
Class 5 strong, irregular, suppletive
Infinitive π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½
wisan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌹𐌼
im		 π…πŒ°πƒ
was		 β€”
2nd singular πŒΉπƒ
is		 π…πŒ°πƒπ„
wast		 β€”
3rd singular πŒΉπƒπ„
ist		 π…πŒ°πƒ
was		 β€”
1st dual πƒπŒΉπŒΎπŒΏ
siju		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΏ
wΔ“su		 β€”
2nd dual πƒπŒΉπŒΎπŒΏπ„πƒ
sijuts		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΏπ„πƒ
wΔ“suts		 β€”
1st plural πƒπŒΉπŒΎπŒΏπŒΌ
sijum		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΏπŒΌ
wΔ“sum		 β€”
2nd plural πƒπŒΉπŒΎπŒΏπŒΈ
sijuΓΎ		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΏπŒΈ
wΔ“suΓΎ		 β€”
3rd plural πƒπŒΉπŒ½πŒ³
sind		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΏπŒ½
wΔ“sun		 β€”
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πƒπŒΉπŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
sijau		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
wΔ“sjau		 β€”
2nd singular πƒπŒΉπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
sijais		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
wΔ“seis		 β€”
3rd singular πƒπŒΉπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
sijai		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΉ
wΔ“si		 β€”
1st dual πƒπŒΉπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
sijaiwa		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
wΔ“seiwa		 β€”
2nd dual πƒπŒΉπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
sijaits		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
wΔ“seits		 β€”
1st plural πƒπŒΉπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
sijaima		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
wΔ“seima		 β€”
2nd plural πƒπŒΉπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
sijaiΓΎ		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
wΔ“seiΓΎ		 β€”
3rd plural πƒπŒΉπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
sijaina		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
wΔ“seina		 β€”
Imperative
2nd singular π…πŒΉπƒ
wis
3rd singular π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
wisadau
2nd dual π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°π„πƒ
wisats
2nd plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒΉπŒΈ
wisiΓΎ
3rd plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
wisandau
Present Past
Participles π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
wisands		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πƒ
wisans
Derived terms

Verb

π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (wisan)

  1. to remain, abide
Conjugation

(Attested relatively rarely compared to the above sense to be. For a full list of attestations, refer to KΓΆbler.)

Class 5 strong
Infinitive π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½
wisan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°
wisa		 π…πŒ°πƒ
was		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
wisada
2nd singular π…πŒΉπƒπŒΉπƒ
wisis		 π…πŒ°πƒπ„
wast		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
wisaza
3rd singular π…πŒΉπƒπŒΉπŒΈ
wisiΓΎ		 π…πŒ°πƒ
was		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
wisada
1st dual π…πŒΉπƒπ‰πƒ
wisōs		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΏ
wesu		 β€”
2nd dual π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°π„πƒ
wisats		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΏπ„πƒ
wesuts		 β€”
1st plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΌ
wisam		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΏπŒΌ
wesum		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
wisanda
2nd plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒΉπŒΈ
wisiΓΎ		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΏπŒΈ
wesuΓΎ		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
wisanda
3rd plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
wisand		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΏπŒ½
wesun		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
wisanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏ
wisau		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
wesjau		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
wisaidau
2nd singular π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
wisais		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
weseis		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
wisaizau
3rd singular π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉ
wisai		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΉ
wesi		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
wisaidau
1st dual π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
wisaiwa		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
weseiwa		 β€”
2nd dual π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
wisaits		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
weseits		 β€”
1st plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
wisaima		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
weseima		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
wisaindau
2nd plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
wisaiΓΎ		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
weseiΓΎ		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
wisaindau
3rd plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
wisaina		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
weseina		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
wisaindau
Imperative
2nd singular π…πŒΉπƒ
wis
3rd singular π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
wisadau
2nd dual π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°π„πƒ
wisats
2nd plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒΉπŒΈ
wisiΓΎ
3rd plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
wisandau
Present Past
Participles π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
wisands		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πƒ
wisans
Derived terms
  • πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½ (gawisan)
  • πŒΈπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ·π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½ (ΓΎairhwisan)
  • πŒΌπŒΉπŒΈπŒ²πŒ°π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½ (miΓΎgawisan)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *wesanΔ… (β€œto consume, feast”), from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (β€œto graze”)

Verb

π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (wisan)

  1. to feast, make merry

Conjugation

(Attested relatively rarely compared to the above sense to be. For a full list of attestations, refer to KΓΆbler.)

Class 5 strong
Infinitive π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½
wisan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°
wisa		 π…πŒ°πƒ
was		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
wisada
2nd singular π…πŒΉπƒπŒΉπƒ
wisis		 π…πŒ°πƒπ„
wast		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
wisaza
3rd singular π…πŒΉπƒπŒΉπŒΈ
wisiΓΎ		 π…πŒ°πƒ
was		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
wisada
1st dual π…πŒΉπƒπ‰πƒ
wisōs		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΏ
wesu		 β€”
2nd dual π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°π„πƒ
wisats		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΏπ„πƒ
wesuts		 β€”
1st plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΌ
wisam		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΏπŒΌ
wesum		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
wisanda
2nd plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒΉπŒΈ
wisiΓΎ		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΏπŒΈ
wesuΓΎ		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
wisanda
3rd plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
wisand		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΏπŒ½
wesun		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
wisanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏ
wisau		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
wesjau		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
wisaidau
2nd singular π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
wisais		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
weseis		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
wisaizau
3rd singular π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉ
wisai		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΉ
wesi		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
wisaidau
1st dual π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
wisaiwa		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
weseiwa		 β€”
2nd dual π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
wisaits		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
weseits		 β€”
1st plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
wisaima		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
weseima		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
wisaindau
2nd plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
wisaiΓΎ		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
weseiΓΎ		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
wisaindau
3rd plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
wisaina		 π…πŒ΄πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
weseina		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
wisaindau
Imperative
2nd singular π…πŒΉπƒ
wis
3rd singular π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
wisadau
2nd dual π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°π„πƒ
wisats
2nd plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒΉπŒΈ
wisiΓΎ
3rd plural π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
wisandau
Present Past
Participles π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
wisands		 π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πƒ
wisans

Derived terms

Further reading
  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 175
  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 176
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