-WOD

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *ɣ̇ʊ̓t’ (to be bent, curved). Occurs also in a secondary meaning related to wriggling, jiggling, and by extension, in some Athabaskan languages including Navajo, to being agile and running.

Cognate root found in Ahtna dezghotʼ (it is bent), Carrier nəlɣwət (to wriggle), nəsɣwət (to be agile, rapid).

Occurs in Navajo in two additional extended meanings related to limping and to rocking. The “rock” theme uses a different momentaneous stem set, and might be a different root altogether.

Root

-WOD

  1. to bend, to flex, to disjoint; to limp

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
Ø

S disjoints, bends

  • aháyeed
  • haayeed
  • niiyeed (ni-MOM)
  • niiyeed (yii-MOM)

S bends O

  • aháłheed
  • kʼéłheed
  • niiłheed (yii-MOM)
ʼa + ni + ł motion

S is lame, limps

  • haʼniłheed
  • naʼniłhod (CONT)

  2. to rock

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
Ø successive

S rocks

S rocks O, shakes O

  • neidíníłhóód (ndíní-)
  • naʼiidíníłhóód (ndíʼní-)
  • yiłhod (REP)

  3. to run

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (Ø + ł + l)
l motion

S runs

S runs O

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  • yiyoołwoł
l adjectival

S is a runner

  • dilwoʼ

Stem set

Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
MOM -yeed -wod -woł -woʼ -yeed
MOM -wóód -wóód -woł -woʼ -wóód
CONT / REP -wod -wod -woł -woʼ -wod

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to run:

to go swiftly, to dash:

to bend:

to rock:

to shake:

  • -DÉÉL (jolt)
  • -DZID (pan, bottle)
  • -GHÁÁD
  • -JĄH (rattle)
  • -MÁÁZ (finger, hat)
  • -NAAʼ (earth, body)
  • -TŁID
  • -TSIZ (nervous)
 

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -WOD (bend)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -WOD (rock)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -WOD (run)

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