Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ěnъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Taken from old consonantal stem nouns in *-en- with a generalized long grade. This is also suggested by the adjectives built from a */men/-stem nouns, e.g.

*kamy (“stone”) → *kaměnъ (“stony, rocky, made of stone”) (and not **kameněnъ)
*polmy (“flame”) → *polměnъ (“fiery”) (and not **polmeněnъ)

Adjective

*-ěnъ

Forming adjectives meaning 'made of <the baseword>'; -en
1. Denominal
  *volsъ (“hair”) → *volsěnъ (“made of (horse) hair”)
  
  *dervo (“tree”) → *dervěnъ (“wooden, made of wood”)
  
  *lьnъ (“linen”) → *lьněnъ (“flaxen, linen”)
2. Deverbative
  *děti, *dějati (“to do, make”) → *dobro-dějanъ (“virtuous”)
  
  *piti (“drink”) → *pьjanъ (“drunk”)

Declension

Indefinite declension of *-ěnъ (hard)

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*ěnъ	*ěna	*ěno
Accusative	*ěnъ	*ěnǫ	*ěno
Genitive	*ěna	*ěny	*ěna
Locative	*ěně	*ěně	*ěně
Dative	*ěnu	*ěně	*ěnu
Instrumental	*ěnomь	*ěnojǫ	*ěnomь
Vocative	*ěne	*ěno	*ěno
Dual	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*ěna	*ěně	*ěně
Accusative	*ěna	*ěně	*ěně
Genitive	*ěnu	*ěnu	*ěnu
Locative	*ěnu	*ěnu	*ěnu
Dative	*ěnoma	*ěnama	*ěnoma
Instrumental	*ěnoma	*ěnama	*ěnoma
Vocative	*ěna	*ěně	*ěně
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*ěni	*ěny	*ěna
Accusative	*ěny	*ěny	*ěna
Genitive	*ěnъ	*ěnъ	*ěnъ
Locative	*ěněxъ	*ěnaxъ	*ěněxъ
Dative	*ěnomъ	*ěnamъ	*ěnomъ
Instrumental	*ěny	*ěnami	*ěny
Vocative	*ěni	*ěny	*ěna

Definite declension of *-ěnъ (hard)

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*ěnъjь	*ěnaja	*ěnoje
Accusative	*ěnъjь	*ěnǫjǫ	*ěnoje
Genitive	*ěnajego	*ěnyję	*ěnajego
Locative	*ěnějemь	*ěněji	*ěnějemь
Dative	*ěnujemu	*ěněji	*ěnujemu
Instrumental	*ěnyjimi	*ěnǫjǫ	*ěnyjimi
Vocative	*ěnъjь	*ěnaja	*ěnoje
Dual	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*ěnaja	*ěněji	*ěněji
Accusative	*ěnaja	*ěněji	*ěněji
Genitive	*ěnuju	*ěnuju	*ěnuju
Locative	*ěnuju	*ěnuju	*ěnuju
Dative	*ěnyjima	*ěnyjima	*ěnyjima
Instrumental	*ěnyjima	*ěnyjima	*ěnyjima
Vocative	*ěnaja	*ěněji	*ěněji
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*ěniji	*ěnyję	*ěnaja
Accusative	*ěnyję	*ěnyję	*ěnaja
Genitive	*ěnъjixъ	*ěnъjixъ	*ěnъjixъ
Locative	*ěnyjixъ	*ěnyjixъ	*ěnyjixъ
Dative	*ěnyjimъ	*ěnyjimъ	*ěnyjimъ
Instrumental	*ěnyjimi	*ěnyjimi	*ěnyjimi
Vocative	*ěniji	*ěnyję	*ěnaja

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Proto-Slavic_words_suffixed_with_*-%C4%9Bn%D1%8A' title='Category:Proto-Slavic words suffixed with *-ěnъ'>Proto-Slavic words suffixed with *-ěnъ</a>

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Russian: -яно́й (-janój), -я́ный (-jányj), -я́нный (-jánnyj) (< *-ěnьnъ)

South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: -ѣнъ (-ěnŭ)
- Bulgarian: -ен (-en)
- Macedonian: -ен (-en)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: -ен
  
  Latin: -en
- Slovene: -en

West Slavic:
- Czech: -ěný
- Polish: -iany
- Slovak: -ený

References

Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26)‎, Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 93

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