< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/borna

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

ESSJa treats it as as a single headword, Derksen as two (separating meanings "harrow" and "guarded entrance, barrier"), and Sławski as three ("harrow", "defended/defending object" and "membrane").

The meaning "harrow" is from Proto-Indo-European *bʰorh₃neh₂, o-grade derivation from *bʰerh₃- (“to hit with a sharp instrument”). Cognates include Latin forō (“to bore, pierce”), Old Norse bora (“to bore, drill”) and Ancient Greek φάρω (phárō), φάρος (pháros). From the same root also Common Slavic *bьrdo (“weaving comb, reed”), *boriti sę (“to fight”), and *borzda (“furrow”).

Sławski derives the set of meanings "protection, guard, defense; object of protecting, defending, gate, dam, barrier, fortification" as an action noun of the verb *borniti (“to guard, protect, defend”). Derksen legitimizes separate treatment due to the semantic difficulties of connecting Common Slavic *borti (“to fight, conquer”) as well as other Indo-European cognates (Latin feriō (“to hit, strike”), Old Norse berja (“to beat, hit”)) with the root *bʰerh₃- (“to hit with a sharp instrument”).

The third separate meaning "membrane" (on the basis of Czech bránice (“membrane, diaphragm”), Slovak branica (“membrane”) and Slovene brána, bránica (“membrane”) is with uncertainty reconstructed by Sławski, with various explanations of origin.

Note that Ukrainian distinguishes борона́ (boroná, “harrow”) from боро́на (boróna, “defense”).

Noun

*bōrnà or *bornà f [1][2]

  1. harrow
  2. guarded entrance, protection, barrier, defense
  3. (by extension) the object being defended/restrained or defending/restraining, especially fortified gate, dam, dike etc.

Declension
Declension of *bōrnà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *bōrnà *bõrně *bōrnỳ
Accusative *bōrnǫ̀ *bõrně *bōrnỳ
Genitive *bōrnỳ *bōrnù *bõrnъ
Locative *bōrně̀ *bōrnù *bōrnàsъ, *bōrnàxъ*
Dative *bōrně̀ *bōrnàma *bōrnàmъ
Instrumental *bōrnòjǫ, *bõrnǫ** *bōrnàma *bōrnàmī
Vocative *borno *bõrně *bōrnỳ
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Declension of *bornà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *bornà *bȏrně *bȏrny
Accusative *bȏrnǫ *bȏrně *bȏrny
Genitive *borný *bornù *bõrnъ
Locative *bȏrně *bornù *bornàsъ, *bornàxъ*
Dative *borně̀ *bornàma *bornàmъ
Instrumental *bornojǫ́ *bornàma *bornàmi
Vocative *borno *bȏrně *bȏrny
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
  • *bornь (“standoff, battle”)
  • *zaborna (“prohibition”)
  • *vъzborna (“interdict, veto”)

Descendants

Further reading

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*borna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 56: “f. ā (b/c) ‘harrow’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “borna borny”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c harve (PR 135, 138)”
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