Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rygati
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative forms
- *rigati
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rūˀgā́ˀtei, by Winter's law from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rug-, from the root *h₁rewg-. Cognate with Lithuanian ráugėti (“to belch”), Latvian raûgâtiês (“to belch”), Lithuanian rū́gti (“to turn sour, to regurgitate acid”) (1sg. rū́giu), Latvian rûgt (“to ferment?”), Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “to vomit, to disgorge, to belch out, to discharge, to roar”), ἐρυγγάνω (erungánō, “to regurgitate”), Latin rūgiō (“to roar”) (infinitive rūgīre), ērūgō (“to belch, to disgorge noisily”) (infinitive ērūgere), ructō (“to vomit, to spit out”) (infinitive ructāre), Persian آروغ (ārōɣ, “belch”), Old English rocettan (“to belch”), Old Armenian ործամ (orcam, “to belch, to vomit”).
Some descendants reflect a proto-form *rigati. Per Derksen, this form may stem from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rjūˀg-, with an analogical -j- taken from *rjauˀg-, the expected development of full-grade Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg-, as in dialectal Lithuanian riáugėti (“to turn sour”) (1sg. riáugmi).
Inflection
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *ryganьje | *rygati | *rygatъ | *rygalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *ryganъ | *rygajemъ |
| Active | *rygavъ | *rygaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *rygaxъ | *ryga | *ryga | *rygajǫ | *rygaješi | *rygajetь |
| Dual | *rygaxově | *rygasta | *rygaste | *rygajevě | *rygajeta | *rygajete |
| Plural | *rygaxomъ | *rygaste | *rygašę | *rygajemъ | *rygajete | *rygajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *rygaaxъ | *rygaaše | *rygaaše | — | *rygaji | *rygaji |
| Dual | *rygaaxově | *rygaašeta | *rygaašete | *rygajivě | *rygajita | — |
| Plural | *rygaaxomъ | *rygaašete | *rygaaxǫ | *rygajimъ | *rygajite | — |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: отъригати (otŭrigati, “to disgorge (words)”)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: ри́гам (rígam, “to belch, to vomit”)
- Macedonian: рига (riga, “to belch, to vomit”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Chakavian (Vrgada): rȉgati (“to belch”), 2sg. rȉgå̄š
- Slovene: rígati (“to belch, to throw up, to bray”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. rȋgam (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*rygati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 441
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “рыга́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress