< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/verti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wérˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *werH-, a Balto-Slavic-specific root extension of *wer-.

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian vérti (“to pierce, string”) (1sg. veriù, 1sg. past vė́riau), atvérti (“to open”) (1sg. àtveriu), užvérti (“to close”) (1sg. ùžveriu), Latvian vē̃rt (“to open, close”) (1sg. veŗu, 1sg. past vẽru).

Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit अपिवृणोति (apivṛṇoti, “to close, cover”), Latin aperiō (“to open, to uncover”) < *ap-wer-, operiō (“to close”) < *op-wer-, Oscan veru (“door”, pl.), Ancient Greek ἀείρω (aeírō, “to bind, to fasten”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (warjan, “to forbid, to block”), Middle High German wer (“protection”).

Verb

*vèrti [1]

  1. to shove, to thrust, to push into
    Synonyms: *pьxati, *sovati
  2. to curve

Alternative forms
  • *vьrati (reanalyzed based on the present tense stem)

Inflection
Conjugation of *verti (impf., -C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*vьrtьje *verti *vertъ *vьrlъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *vьrtъ *vьromъ
Active *vьrъ *vьry
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *verxъ*ver*ver *vьrǫ*vьreši*vьretь
Dual *verxově*versta*verste *vьrevě*vьreta*vьrete
Plural *verxomъ*verste*veršę *vьremъ*vьrete*vьrǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *vьrěaxъ*vьrěaše*vьrěaše —*vьri*vьri
Dual *vьrěaxově*vьrěašeta*vьrěašete *vьrěvě*vьrěta—
Plural *vьrěaxomъ*vьrěašete*vьrěaxǫ *vьrěmъ*vьrěte—
    Notes:
  • (*)*vьrenъ is doublet of past passive participle
  • Intensive derivative: *-virati

Derived terms
  • *zaverti (“to enclose, to lock”)
  • *otъverti (“to open”)
  • *vъverti (“to intrude”)
  • *naverti (“to infix”)
  • *sъverti (“to set up, to butt”)
  • *proverti (“to shove through”)
  • *jьzverti (“to spring out”)
  • *vьrěti (“to boil, to brew”)
  • *vьrtěti (“to rotate”)
  • *-vorъ (“switch, turn”)
    • *ob(v)orъ (“barn”)
    • *otъvorъ (“opening”)
    • *zatvorъ (“closure, prison”) (reanalyzed)
    • *jьzvorъ (“spring”)
  • *vortъ (“neck”)
  • *vorta (“door”)
  • *vьrvь (“string, thread”)
  • *vьrtь (“garden, fencing”)
  • *verteno (“spindle”)
  • *ver(t)mę (“time”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Russian: вере́ть (verétʹ) (obsolete)
      • ⇒ Russian: вера́ть (verátʹ)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “вера́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
  • Georgiev Vl. I., editor (1971), “вра”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 177

References
  1. Snoj, Marko (2016), “-vrẹ́ti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN: “*verti̋, sed. *vьrǫ̋”
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