fela
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse fela, from Proto-Germanic *felhaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈfɛːla/
- Rhymes: -ɛːla
Verb
fela (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative fól, third-person plural past indicative fólu, supine falið) or fela (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative faldi, supine falið)
Usage notes
- The verb fela may have either strong (class 6) or weak (class 1) conjugation.
Derived terms
- fela í sér
- fela sig
- felast
Declension
Norwegian Nynorsk
Old English
Alternative forms
- feola, fiolu, feolu
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *felu, from Proto-Indo-European *pelu-, *pel-. Cognate with Old Saxon filo, filu, Old High German filu (German viel), Old Norse fjǫl- in compounds, Icelandic fjöl- in compounds, Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek πολύς (polús), Latin plus, Old Irish il (Welsh lliaws).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈfelɑ/
Adjective
fela (indeclinable; usually + genitive)
Derived terms
- ealfela (“very much”)
- efenfela, emfela (“just so many, as many”, num. adj.)
- felafeald (“manifold”)
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *felhaną.
Verb
fela (singular past indicative fal, plural past indicative fálu, past participle folginn)
Conjugation
Conjugation of fela — active (strong class 4)
infinitive | fela | |
---|---|---|
present participle | felandi | |
past participle | folginn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | fel | fal |
2nd-person singular | felr | falt |
3rd-person singular | felr | fal |
1st-person plural | felum | fálum |
2nd-person plural | felið | fáluð |
3rd-person plural | fela | fálu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | fela | fæla |
2nd-person singular | felir | fælir |
3rd-person singular | feli | fæli |
1st-person plural | felim | fælim |
2nd-person plural | felið | fælið |
3rd-person plural | feli | fæli |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | fel | |
1st-person plural | felum | |
2nd-person plural | felið |
Conjugation of fela — mediopassive (strong class 4)
infinitive | felask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | felandisk | |
past participle | folgizk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | felumk | fálumk |
2nd-person singular | felsk | falzk |
3rd-person singular | felsk | falsk |
1st-person plural | felumsk | fálumsk |
2nd-person plural | felizk | fáluzk |
3rd-person plural | felask | fálusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | felumk | fælumk |
2nd-person singular | felisk | fælisk |
3rd-person singular | felisk | fælisk |
1st-person plural | felimsk | fælimsk |
2nd-person plural | felizk | fælizk |
3rd-person plural | felisk | fælisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | felsk | |
1st-person plural | felumsk | |
2nd-person plural | felizk |
References
- fela in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Swedish
Declension
Declension of fela | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | fela | felan | felor | felorna |
Genitive | felas | felans | felors | felornas |
Zulu
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukufela | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukufela | ukungafeli | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | fela | -fele | |||||||
Plural | felani | -feleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyafela, ngifela | engifelayo, engifela | ngifela | angifeli | engingafeli | ngingafeli | |||
2nd singular | uyafela, ufela | ofelayo, ofela | ufela | awufeli | ongafeli | ungafeli | |||
1st plural | siyafela, sifela | esifelayo, esifela | sifela | asifeli | esingafeli | singafeli | |||
2nd plural | niyafela, nifela | enifelayo, enifela | nifela | anifeli | eningafeli | ningafeli | |||
Class 1 | uyafela, ufela | ofelayo, ofela | efela | akafeli | ongafeli | engafeli | |||
Class 2 | bayafela, bafela | abafelayo, abafela | befela | abafeli | abangafeli | bengafeli | |||
Class 3 | uyafela, ufela | ofelayo, ofela | ufela | awufeli | ongafeli | ungafeli | |||
Class 4 | iyafela, ifela | efelayo, efela | ifela | ayifeli | engafeli | ingafeli | |||
Class 5 | liyafela, lifela | elifelayo, elifela | lifela | alifeli | elingafeli | lingafeli | |||
Class 6 | ayafela, afela | afelayo, afela | efela | awafeli | angafeli | engafeli | |||
Class 7 | siyafela, sifela | esifelayo, esifela | sifela | asifeli | esingafeli | singafeli | |||
Class 8 | ziyafela, zifela | ezifelayo, ezifela | zifela | azifeli | ezingafeli | zingafeli | |||
Class 9 | iyafela, ifela | efelayo, efela | ifela | ayifeli | engafeli | ingafeli | |||
Class 10 | ziyafela, zifela | ezifelayo, ezifela | zifela | azifeli | ezingafeli | zingafeli | |||
Class 11 | luyafela, lufela | olufelayo, olufela | lufela | alufeli | olungafeli | lungafeli | |||
Class 14 | buyafela, bufela | obufelayo, obufela | bufela | abufeli | obungafeli | bungafeli | |||
Class 15 | kuyafela, kufela | okufelayo, okufela | kufela | akufeli | okungafeli | kungafeli | |||
Class 17 | kuyafela, kufela | okufelayo, okufela | kufela | akufeli | okungafeli | kungafeli | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngifelile, ngifelē | engifelile, engifelē | ngifelile, ngifelē | angifelanga | engingafelanga | ngingafelanga | |||
2nd singular | ufelile, ufelē | ofelile, ofelē | ufelile, ufelē | awufelanga | ongafelanga | ungafelanga | |||
1st plural | sifelile, sifelē | esifelile, esifelē | sifelile, sifelē | asifelanga | esingafelanga | singafelanga | |||
2nd plural | nifelile, nifelē | enifelile, enifelē | nifelile, nifelē | anifelanga | eningafelanga | ningafelanga | |||
Class 1 | ufelile, ufelē | ofelile, ofelē | efelile, efelē | akafelanga | ongafelanga | engafelanga | |||
Class 2 | bafelile, bafelē | abafelile, abafelē | befelile, befelē | abafelanga | abangafelanga | bengafelanga | |||
Class 3 | ufelile, ufelē | ofelile, ofelē | ufelile, ufelē | awufelanga | ongafelanga | ungafelanga | |||
Class 4 | ifelile, ifelē | efelile, efelē | ifelile, ifelē | ayifelanga | engafelanga | ingafelanga | |||
Class 5 | lifelile, lifelē | elifelile, elifelē | lifelile, lifelē | alifelanga | elingafelanga | lingafelanga | |||
Class 6 | afelile, afelē | afelile, afelē | efelile, efelē | awafelanga | angafelanga | engafelanga | |||
Class 7 | sifelile, sifelē | esifelile, esifelē | sifelile, sifelē | asifelanga | esingafelanga | singafelanga | |||
Class 8 | zifelile, zifelē | ezifelile, ezifelē | zifelile, zifelē | azifelanga | ezingafelanga | zingafelanga | |||
Class 9 | ifelile, ifelē | efelile, efelē | ifelile, ifelē | ayifelanga | engafelanga | ingafelanga | |||
Class 10 | zifelile, zifelē | ezifelile, ezifelē | zifelile, zifelē | azifelanga | ezingafelanga | zingafelanga | |||
Class 11 | lufelile, lufelē | olufelile, olufelē | lufelile, lufelē | alufelanga | olungafelanga | lungafelanga | |||
Class 14 | bufelile, bufelē | obufelile, obufelē | bufelile, bufelē | abufelanga | obungafelanga | bungafelanga | |||
Class 15 | kufelile, kufelē | okufelile, okufelē | kufelile, kufelē | akufelanga | okungafelanga | kungafelanga | |||
Class 17 | kufelile, kufelē | okufelile, okufelē | kufelile, kufelē | akufelanga | okungafelanga | kungafelanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāfela | engāfela | ngāfela | angifelanga | engingafelanga | ngingafelanga | |||
2nd singular | wāfela | owāfela | wāfela | awufelanga | ongafelanga | ungafelanga | |||
1st plural | sāfela | esāfela | sāfela | asifelanga | esingafelanga | singafelanga | |||
2nd plural | nāfela | enāfela | nāfela | anifelanga | eningafelanga | ningafelanga | |||
Class 1 | wāfela | owāfela | āfela | akafelanga | ongafelanga | engafelanga | |||
Class 2 | bāfela | abāfela | bāfela | abafelanga | abangafelanga | bengafelanga | |||
Class 3 | wāfela | owāfela | wāfela | awufelanga | ongafelanga | ungafelanga | |||
Class 4 | yāfela | eyāfela | yāfela | ayifelanga | engafelanga | ingafelanga | |||
Class 5 | lāfela | elāfela | lāfela | alifelanga | elingafelanga | lingafelanga | |||
Class 6 | āfela | āfela | āfela | awafelanga | angafelanga | engafelanga | |||
Class 7 | sāfela | esāfela | sāfela | asifelanga | esingafelanga | singafelanga | |||
Class 8 | zāfela | ezāfela | zāfela | azifelanga | ezingafelanga | zingafelanga | |||
Class 9 | yāfela | eyāfela | yāfela | ayifelanga | engafelanga | ingafelanga | |||
Class 10 | zāfela | ezāfela | zāfela | azifelanga | ezingafelanga | zingafelanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāfela | olwāfela | lwāfela | alufelanga | olungafelanga | lungafelanga | |||
Class 14 | bāfela | obāfela | bāfela | abufelanga | obungafelanga | bungafelanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāfela | okwāfela | kwāfela | akufelanga | okungafelanga | kungafelanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāfela | okwāfela | kwāfela | akufelanga | okungafelanga | kungafelanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingafela | — | ngingafela | ngingefele | — | ngingefele | |||
2nd singular | ungafela | — | ungafela | ungefele | — | ungefele | |||
1st plural | singafela | — | singafela | singefele | — | singefele | |||
2nd plural | ningafela | — | ningafela | ningefele | — | ningefele | |||
Class 1 | angafela | — | engafela | angefele | — | engefele | |||
Class 2 | bangafela | — | bengafela | bangefele | — | bengefele | |||
Class 3 | ungafela | — | ungafela | ungefele | — | ungefele | |||
Class 4 | ingafela | — | ingafela | ingefele | — | ingefele | |||
Class 5 | lingafela | — | lingafela | lingefele | — | lingefele | |||
Class 6 | angafela | — | engafela | angefele | — | engefele | |||
Class 7 | singafela | — | singafela | singefele | — | singefele | |||
Class 8 | zingafela | — | zingafela | zingefele | — | zingefele | |||
Class 9 | ingafela | — | ingafela | ingefele | — | ingefele | |||
Class 10 | zingafela | — | zingafela | zingefele | — | zingefele | |||
Class 11 | lungafela | — | lungafela | lungefele | — | lungefele | |||
Class 14 | bungafela | — | bungafela | bungefele | — | bungefele | |||
Class 15 | kungafela | — | kungafela | kungefele | — | kungefele | |||
Class 17 | kungafela | — | kungafela | kungefele | — | kungefele | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizofela | engizofela | ngizofela | angizufela | engingezufela | ngingezufela | |||
2nd singular | uzofela | ozofela | uzofela | awuzufela | ongezufela | ungezufela | |||
1st plural | sizofela | esizofela | sizofela | asizufela | esingezufela | singezufela | |||
2nd plural | nizofela | enizofela | nizofela | anizufela | eningezufela | ningezufela | |||
Class 1 | uzofela | ozofela | ezofela | akazufela | ongezufela | engezufela | |||
Class 2 | bazofela | abazofela | bezofela | abazufela | abangezufela | bengezufela | |||
Class 3 | uzofela | ozofela | uzofela | awuzufela | ongezufela | ungezufela | |||
Class 4 | izofela | ezofela | izofela | ayizufela | engezufela | ingezufela | |||
Class 5 | lizofela | elizofela | lizofela | alizufela | elingezufela | lingezufela | |||
Class 6 | azofela | azofela | ezofela | awazufela | angezufela | engezufela | |||
Class 7 | sizofela | esizofela | sizofela | asizufela | esingezufela | singezufela | |||
Class 8 | zizofela | ezizofela | zizofela | azizufela | ezingezufela | zingezufela | |||
Class 9 | izofela | ezofela | izofela | ayizufela | engezufela | ingezufela | |||
Class 10 | zizofela | ezizofela | zizofela | azizufela | ezingezufela | zingezufela | |||
Class 11 | luzofela | oluzofela | luzofela | aluzufela | olungezufela | lungezufela | |||
Class 14 | buzofela | obuzofela | buzofela | abuzufela | obungezufela | bungezufela | |||
Class 15 | kuzofela | okuzofela | kuzofela | akuzufela | okungezufela | kungezufela | |||
Class 17 | kuzofela | okuzofela | kuzofela | akuzufela | okungezufela | kungezufela | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyofela | engiyofela | ngiyofela | angiyufela | engingeyufela | ngingeyufela | |||
2nd singular | uyofela | oyofela | uyofela | awuyufela | ongeyufela | ungeyufela | |||
1st plural | siyofela | esiyofela | siyofela | asiyufela | esingeyufela | singeyufela | |||
2nd plural | niyofela | eniyofela | niyofela | aniyufela | eningeyufela | ningeyufela | |||
Class 1 | uyofela | oyofela | eyofela | akayufela | ongeyufela | engeyufela | |||
Class 2 | bayofela | abayofela | beyofela | abayufela | abangeyufela | bengeyufela | |||
Class 3 | uyofela | oyofela | uyofela | awuyufela | ongeyufela | ungeyufela | |||
Class 4 | iyofela | eyofela | iyofela | ayiyufela | engeyufela | ingeyufela | |||
Class 5 | liyofela | eliyofela | liyofela | aliyufela | elingeyufela | lingeyufela | |||
Class 6 | ayofela | ayofela | eyofela | awayufela | angeyufela | engeyufela | |||
Class 7 | siyofela | esiyofela | siyofela | asiyufela | esingeyufela | singeyufela | |||
Class 8 | ziyofela | eziyofela | ziyofela | aziyufela | ezingeyufela | zingeyufela | |||
Class 9 | iyofela | eyofela | iyofela | ayiyufela | engeyufela | ingeyufela | |||
Class 10 | ziyofela | eziyofela | ziyofela | aziyufela | ezingeyufela | zingeyufela | |||
Class 11 | luyofela | oluyofela | luyofela | aluyufela | olungeyufela | lungeyufela | |||
Class 14 | buyofela | obuyofela | buyofela | abuyufela | obungeyufela | bungeyufela | |||
Class 15 | kuyofela | okuyofela | kuyofela | akuyufela | okungeyufela | kungeyufela | |||
Class 17 | kuyofela | okuyofela | kuyofela | akuyufela | okungeyufela | kungeyufela | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngifele | ngingafeli | |||||||
2nd singular | ufele | ungafeli | |||||||
1st plural | sifele | singafeli | |||||||
2nd plural | nifele | ningafeli | |||||||
Class 1 | afele | angafeli | |||||||
Class 2 | bafele | bangafeli | |||||||
Class 3 | ufele | ungafeli | |||||||
Class 4 | ifele | ingafeli | |||||||
Class 5 | lifele | lingafeli | |||||||
Class 6 | afele | angafeli | |||||||
Class 7 | sifele | singafeli | |||||||
Class 8 | zifele | zingafeli | |||||||
Class 9 | ifele | ingafeli | |||||||
Class 10 | zifele | zingafeli | |||||||
Class 11 | lufele | lungafeli | |||||||
Class 14 | bufele | bungafeli | |||||||
Class 15 | kufele | kungafeli | |||||||
Class 17 | kufele | kungafeli | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngafela | ngangafela, angafela, angangafela | |||||||
2nd singular | wafela | wangafela, awafela, awangafela | |||||||
1st plural | safela | sangafela, asafela, asangafela | |||||||
2nd plural | nafela | nangafela, anafela, anangafela | |||||||
Class 1 | wafela | wangafela, akafela, akangafela | |||||||
Class 2 | bafela | bangafela, abafela, abangafela | |||||||
Class 3 | wafela | wangafela, awafela, awangafela | |||||||
Class 4 | yafela | yangafela, ayafela, ayangafela | |||||||
Class 5 | lafela | langafela, alafela, alangafela | |||||||
Class 6 | afela | angafela, awafela, awangafela | |||||||
Class 7 | safela | sangafela, asafela, asangafela | |||||||
Class 8 | zafela | zangafela, azafela, azangafela | |||||||
Class 9 | yafela | yangafela, ayafela, ayangafela | |||||||
Class 10 | zafela | zangafela, azafela, azangafela | |||||||
Class 11 | lwafela | lwangafela, alwafela, alwangafela | |||||||
Class 14 | bafela | bangafela, abafela, abangafela | |||||||
Class 15 | kwafela | kwangafela, akwafela, akwangafela | |||||||
Class 17 | kwafela | kwangafela, akwafela, akwangafela |
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukufela | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukufela | ukungafeli | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | fela | -fele | |||||||
Plural | felani | -feleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyafela, ngifela | engifelayo, engifela | ngifela | angifeli | engingafeli | ngingafeli | |||
2nd singular | uyafela, ufela | ofelayo, ofela | ufela | awufeli | ongafeli | ungafeli | |||
1st plural | siyafela, sifela | esifelayo, esifela | sifela | asifeli | esingafeli | singafeli | |||
2nd plural | niyafela, nifela | enifelayo, enifela | nifela | anifeli | eningafeli | ningafeli | |||
Class 1 | uyafela, ufela | ofelayo, ofela | efela | akafeli | ongafeli | engafeli | |||
Class 2 | bayafela, bafela | abafelayo, abafela | befela | abafeli | abangafeli | bengafeli | |||
Class 3 | uyafela, ufela | ofelayo, ofela | ufela | awufeli | ongafeli | ungafeli | |||
Class 4 | iyafela, ifela | efelayo, efela | ifela | ayifeli | engafeli | ingafeli | |||
Class 5 | liyafela, lifela | elifelayo, elifela | lifela | alifeli | elingafeli | lingafeli | |||
Class 6 | ayafela, afela | afelayo, afela | efela | awafeli | angafeli | engafeli | |||
Class 7 | siyafela, sifela | esifelayo, esifela | sifela | asifeli | esingafeli | singafeli | |||
Class 8 | ziyafela, zifela | ezifelayo, ezifela | zifela | azifeli | ezingafeli | zingafeli | |||
Class 9 | iyafela, ifela | efelayo, efela | ifela | ayifeli | engafeli | ingafeli | |||
Class 10 | ziyafela, zifela | ezifelayo, ezifela | zifela | azifeli | ezingafeli | zingafeli | |||
Class 11 | luyafela, lufela | olufelayo, olufela | lufela | alufeli | olungafeli | lungafeli | |||
Class 14 | buyafela, bufela | obufelayo, obufela | bufela | abufeli | obungafeli | bungafeli | |||
Class 15 | kuyafela, kufela | okufelayo, okufela | kufela | akufeli | okungafeli | kungafeli | |||
Class 17 | kuyafela, kufela | okufelayo, okufela | kufela | akufeli | okungafeli | kungafeli | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngifelile, ngifelē | engifelile, engifelē | ngifelile, ngifelē | angifelanga | engingafelanga | ngingafelanga | |||
2nd singular | ufelile, ufelē | ofelile, ofelē | ufelile, ufelē | awufelanga | ongafelanga | ungafelanga | |||
1st plural | sifelile, sifelē | esifelile, esifelē | sifelile, sifelē | asifelanga | esingafelanga | singafelanga | |||
2nd plural | nifelile, nifelē | enifelile, enifelē | nifelile, nifelē | anifelanga | eningafelanga | ningafelanga | |||
Class 1 | ufelile, ufelē | ofelile, ofelē | efelile, efelē | akafelanga | ongafelanga | engafelanga | |||
Class 2 | bafelile, bafelē | abafelile, abafelē | befelile, befelē | abafelanga | abangafelanga | bengafelanga | |||
Class 3 | ufelile, ufelē | ofelile, ofelē | ufelile, ufelē | awufelanga | ongafelanga | ungafelanga | |||
Class 4 | ifelile, ifelē | efelile, efelē | ifelile, ifelē | ayifelanga | engafelanga | ingafelanga | |||
Class 5 | lifelile, lifelē | elifelile, elifelē | lifelile, lifelē | alifelanga | elingafelanga | lingafelanga | |||
Class 6 | afelile, afelē | afelile, afelē | efelile, efelē | awafelanga | angafelanga | engafelanga | |||
Class 7 | sifelile, sifelē | esifelile, esifelē | sifelile, sifelē | asifelanga | esingafelanga | singafelanga | |||
Class 8 | zifelile, zifelē | ezifelile, ezifelē | zifelile, zifelē | azifelanga | ezingafelanga | zingafelanga | |||
Class 9 | ifelile, ifelē | efelile, efelē | ifelile, ifelē | ayifelanga | engafelanga | ingafelanga | |||
Class 10 | zifelile, zifelē | ezifelile, ezifelē | zifelile, zifelē | azifelanga | ezingafelanga | zingafelanga | |||
Class 11 | lufelile, lufelē | olufelile, olufelē | lufelile, lufelē | alufelanga | olungafelanga | lungafelanga | |||
Class 14 | bufelile, bufelē | obufelile, obufelē | bufelile, bufelē | abufelanga | obungafelanga | bungafelanga | |||
Class 15 | kufelile, kufelē | okufelile, okufelē | kufelile, kufelē | akufelanga | okungafelanga | kungafelanga | |||
Class 17 | kufelile, kufelē | okufelile, okufelē | kufelile, kufelē | akufelanga | okungafelanga | kungafelanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāfela | engāfela | ngāfela | angifelanga | engingafelanga | ngingafelanga | |||
2nd singular | wāfela | owāfela | wāfela | awufelanga | ongafelanga | ungafelanga | |||
1st plural | sāfela | esāfela | sāfela | asifelanga | esingafelanga | singafelanga | |||
2nd plural | nāfela | enāfela | nāfela | anifelanga | eningafelanga | ningafelanga | |||
Class 1 | wāfela | owāfela | āfela | akafelanga | ongafelanga | engafelanga | |||
Class 2 | bāfela | abāfela | bāfela | abafelanga | abangafelanga | bengafelanga | |||
Class 3 | wāfela | owāfela | wāfela | awufelanga | ongafelanga | ungafelanga | |||
Class 4 | yāfela | eyāfela | yāfela | ayifelanga | engafelanga | ingafelanga | |||
Class 5 | lāfela | elāfela | lāfela | alifelanga | elingafelanga | lingafelanga | |||
Class 6 | āfela | āfela | āfela | awafelanga | angafelanga | engafelanga | |||
Class 7 | sāfela | esāfela | sāfela | asifelanga | esingafelanga | singafelanga | |||
Class 8 | zāfela | ezāfela | zāfela | azifelanga | ezingafelanga | zingafelanga | |||
Class 9 | yāfela | eyāfela | yāfela | ayifelanga | engafelanga | ingafelanga | |||
Class 10 | zāfela | ezāfela | zāfela | azifelanga | ezingafelanga | zingafelanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāfela | olwāfela | lwāfela | alufelanga | olungafelanga | lungafelanga | |||
Class 14 | bāfela | obāfela | bāfela | abufelanga | obungafelanga | bungafelanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāfela | okwāfela | kwāfela | akufelanga | okungafelanga | kungafelanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāfela | okwāfela | kwāfela | akufelanga | okungafelanga | kungafelanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingafela | — | ngingafela | ngingefele | — | ngingefele | |||
2nd singular | ungafela | — | ungafela | ungefele | — | ungefele | |||
1st plural | singafela | — | singafela | singefele | — | singefele | |||
2nd plural | ningafela | — | ningafela | ningefele | — | ningefele | |||
Class 1 | angafela | — | engafela | angefele | — | engefele | |||
Class 2 | bangafela | — | bengafela | bangefele | — | bengefele | |||
Class 3 | ungafela | — | ungafela | ungefele | — | ungefele | |||
Class 4 | ingafela | — | ingafela | ingefele | — | ingefele | |||
Class 5 | lingafela | — | lingafela | lingefele | — | lingefele | |||
Class 6 | angafela | — | engafela | angefele | — | engefele | |||
Class 7 | singafela | — | singafela | singefele | — | singefele | |||
Class 8 | zingafela | — | zingafela | zingefele | — | zingefele | |||
Class 9 | ingafela | — | ingafela | ingefele | — | ingefele | |||
Class 10 | zingafela | — | zingafela | zingefele | — | zingefele | |||
Class 11 | lungafela | — | lungafela | lungefele | — | lungefele | |||
Class 14 | bungafela | — | bungafela | bungefele | — | bungefele | |||
Class 15 | kungafela | — | kungafela | kungefele | — | kungefele | |||
Class 17 | kungafela | — | kungafela | kungefele | — | kungefele | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizofela | engizofela | ngizofela | angizufela | engingezufela | ngingezufela | |||
2nd singular | uzofela | ozofela | uzofela | awuzufela | ongezufela | ungezufela | |||
1st plural | sizofela | esizofela | sizofela | asizufela | esingezufela | singezufela | |||
2nd plural | nizofela | enizofela | nizofela | anizufela | eningezufela | ningezufela | |||
Class 1 | uzofela | ozofela | ezofela | akazufela | ongezufela | engezufela | |||
Class 2 | bazofela | abazofela | bezofela | abazufela | abangezufela | bengezufela | |||
Class 3 | uzofela | ozofela | uzofela | awuzufela | ongezufela | ungezufela | |||
Class 4 | izofela | ezofela | izofela | ayizufela | engezufela | ingezufela | |||
Class 5 | lizofela | elizofela | lizofela | alizufela | elingezufela | lingezufela | |||
Class 6 | azofela | azofela | ezofela | awazufela | angezufela | engezufela | |||
Class 7 | sizofela | esizofela | sizofela | asizufela | esingezufela | singezufela | |||
Class 8 | zizofela | ezizofela | zizofela | azizufela | ezingezufela | zingezufela | |||
Class 9 | izofela | ezofela | izofela | ayizufela | engezufela | ingezufela | |||
Class 10 | zizofela | ezizofela | zizofela | azizufela | ezingezufela | zingezufela | |||
Class 11 | luzofela | oluzofela | luzofela | aluzufela | olungezufela | lungezufela | |||
Class 14 | buzofela | obuzofela | buzofela | abuzufela | obungezufela | bungezufela | |||
Class 15 | kuzofela | okuzofela | kuzofela | akuzufela | okungezufela | kungezufela | |||
Class 17 | kuzofela | okuzofela | kuzofela | akuzufela | okungezufela | kungezufela | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyofela | engiyofela | ngiyofela | angiyufela | engingeyufela | ngingeyufela | |||
2nd singular | uyofela | oyofela | uyofela | awuyufela | ongeyufela | ungeyufela | |||
1st plural | siyofela | esiyofela | siyofela | asiyufela | esingeyufela | singeyufela | |||
2nd plural | niyofela | eniyofela | niyofela | aniyufela | eningeyufela | ningeyufela | |||
Class 1 | uyofela | oyofela | eyofela | akayufela | ongeyufela | engeyufela | |||
Class 2 | bayofela | abayofela | beyofela | abayufela | abangeyufela | bengeyufela | |||
Class 3 | uyofela | oyofela | uyofela | awuyufela | ongeyufela | ungeyufela | |||
Class 4 | iyofela | eyofela | iyofela | ayiyufela | engeyufela | ingeyufela | |||
Class 5 | liyofela | eliyofela | liyofela | aliyufela | elingeyufela | lingeyufela | |||
Class 6 | ayofela | ayofela | eyofela | awayufela | angeyufela | engeyufela | |||
Class 7 | siyofela | esiyofela | siyofela | asiyufela | esingeyufela | singeyufela | |||
Class 8 | ziyofela | eziyofela | ziyofela | aziyufela | ezingeyufela | zingeyufela | |||
Class 9 | iyofela | eyofela | iyofela | ayiyufela | engeyufela | ingeyufela | |||
Class 10 | ziyofela | eziyofela | ziyofela | aziyufela | ezingeyufela | zingeyufela | |||
Class 11 | luyofela | oluyofela | luyofela | aluyufela | olungeyufela | lungeyufela | |||
Class 14 | buyofela | obuyofela | buyofela | abuyufela | obungeyufela | bungeyufela | |||
Class 15 | kuyofela | okuyofela | kuyofela | akuyufela | okungeyufela | kungeyufela | |||
Class 17 | kuyofela | okuyofela | kuyofela | akuyufela | okungeyufela | kungeyufela | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngifele | ngingafeli | |||||||
2nd singular | ufele | ungafeli | |||||||
1st plural | sifele | singafeli | |||||||
2nd plural | nifele | ningafeli | |||||||
Class 1 | afele | angafeli | |||||||
Class 2 | bafele | bangafeli | |||||||
Class 3 | ufele | ungafeli | |||||||
Class 4 | ifele | ingafeli | |||||||
Class 5 | lifele | lingafeli | |||||||
Class 6 | afele | angafeli | |||||||
Class 7 | sifele | singafeli | |||||||
Class 8 | zifele | zingafeli | |||||||
Class 9 | ifele | ingafeli | |||||||
Class 10 | zifele | zingafeli | |||||||
Class 11 | lufele | lungafeli | |||||||
Class 14 | bufele | bungafeli | |||||||
Class 15 | kufele | kungafeli | |||||||
Class 17 | kufele | kungafeli | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngafela | ngangafela, angafela, angangafela | |||||||
2nd singular | wafela | wangafela, awafela, awangafela | |||||||
1st plural | safela | sangafela, asafela, asangafela | |||||||
2nd plural | nafela | nangafela, anafela, anangafela | |||||||
Class 1 | wafela | wangafela, akafela, akangafela | |||||||
Class 2 | bafela | bangafela, abafela, abangafela | |||||||
Class 3 | wafela | wangafela, awafela, awangafela | |||||||
Class 4 | yafela | yangafela, ayafela, ayangafela | |||||||
Class 5 | lafela | langafela, alafela, alangafela | |||||||
Class 6 | afela | angafela, awafela, awangafela | |||||||
Class 7 | safela | sangafela, asafela, asangafela | |||||||
Class 8 | zafela | zangafela, azafela, azangafela | |||||||
Class 9 | yafela | yangafela, ayafela, ayangafela | |||||||
Class 10 | zafela | zangafela, azafela, azangafela | |||||||
Class 11 | lwafela | lwangafela, alwafela, alwangafela | |||||||
Class 14 | bafela | bangafela, abafela, abangafela | |||||||
Class 15 | kwafela | kwangafela, akwafela, akwangafela | |||||||
Class 17 | kwafela | kwangafela, akwafela, akwangafela |
Derived terms
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “fela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, ISBN 0 85494 027 8: “fela (3.9, ukufela, 3.2.9.9)”
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “fela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, ISBN 0 85494 027 8: “fela (3.9, ukufela, 2.6.3.9)”
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