graven
English
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -eɪvən
Etymology 1
From Middle English graven, igraven, from Old English grafen, ġegrafen, from Proto-Germanic *grabanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *grabaną (“to dig, trench”), equivalent to grave + -en. Cognate with Saterland Frisian greeuwen, Dutch gegraven, German Low German graven, German gegraben, Icelandic grafinn.
Verb
graven
Adjective
graven (not comparable)
Translations
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Etymology 2
From graven (adjective) above.
Verb
graven (third-person singular simple present gravens, present participle gravening, simple past and past participle gravened)
- (transitive, archaic) To make graven or engraved
- 1786, Thomas Doolittle, A treatise concerning the Lord's Supper:
- I saw I was not only gravened upon the palms of his hands, or set as a seal upon his arm, but I was pourtrayed upon his heart.
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Verb
graven (third-person singular simple present gravens, present participle gravening, simple past and past participle gravened)
- (transitive, intransitive) To make or become grave (serious or sombre)
- 2012, Samuel W Herbert, Avenue:
- Whatever it was that had cast a dark shadow and gravened the faces of those normally ebullient people was much too complicated for me to understand.
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Catalan
Danish
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣraːvə(n)/
- Rhymes: -aːvən
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch grāven, from Old Dutch gravan, from Proto-Germanic *grabaną.
Inflection
Inflection of graven (strong class 6) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | graven | |||
past singular | groef | |||
past participle | gegraven | |||
infinitive | graven | |||
gerund | graven n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | graaf | groef | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | graaft | groef | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | graaft | groef | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | graaft | groeft | ||
3rd person singular | graaft | groef | ||
plural | graven | groeven | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | grave | groeve | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | graven | groeven | ||
imperative sing. | graaf | |||
imperative plur.1 | graaft | |||
participles | gravend | gegraven | ||
1) Archaic. |
Synonyms
Related terms
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch gravan, from Proto-Germanic *grabaną.
Inflection
Strong class 6 | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | grāven | |
3rd sg. past | groef | |
3rd pl. past | groeven | |
Past participle | gegrāven | |
Infinitive | grāven | |
In genitive | grāvens | |
In dative | grāvene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | grāve | groef |
2nd singular | grāefs, grāves | groefs, groeves |
3rd singular | grāeft, grāvet | groef |
1st plural | grāven | groeven |
2nd plural | grāeft, grāvet | groeft, groevet |
3rd plural | grāven | groeven |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | grāve | groeve |
2nd singular | grāefs, grāves | groeves |
3rd singular | grāve | groeve |
1st plural | grāven | groeven |
2nd plural | grāeft, grāvet | groevet |
3rd plural | grāven | groeven |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | graf, grāef, grāve | |
Plural | grāeft, grāvet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | grāvende | gegrāven |
Further reading
- “graven”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- “graven (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929