lire

See also: lirë and liře

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English lire, lyre, from Old English līra (“any fleshy part of the body, muscle, calf of the leg”), from Proto-Germanic *ligwizô, *lihwizô (“thigh, groin”), from Proto-Indo-European *lekʷs-, *lewks- (“groin”). Cognate with Dutch lies (“groin”), Swedish lår (“thigh”).

Noun

lire (plural lires)

  1. (Britain dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Flesh, brawn, or muscle; the fleshy part of a person or animal in contradistinction to the bone and skin.
  2. (Britain dialectal, Scotland) The fleshy part of a roast capon, etc. as distinguished from a limb or joint.

Etymology 2

From Middle English lire, lyre, from Old Norse hlýr (“cheeks”, plural). Compare Middle English lere, from Old English hlēor (“cheek, countenance, complexion”). More at leer.

Noun

lire (plural lires)

  1. (Britain dialectal, Scotland) The cheek.
  2. (Britain dialectal, Scotland) Face; appearance of the face or skin; complexion; hue.

Etymology 3

From Old Norse líri. Cognate with Norwegian lira.

Noun

lire (plural lires)

  1. (Britain dialectal, Scotland, Orkney, Shetland, ornithology) The Manx shearwater (bird).

Etymology 4

From Italian lire.

Pronunciation
  • Rhymes: -ɪərə

Noun

lire

  1. plural of lira

Homophones

Anagrams

French

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /liʁ/
  • Audio (France, Paris)(file)
  • Homophones: lires, lyre, lyrent, lyres
  • Rhymes: -iʁ

Etymology 1

From Old French lire, from Latin legere, present active infinitive of legō, from Proto-Italic *legō, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-.

Verb

lire

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to read
  2. (reflexive, se lire) to be read

Conjugation
Conjugation of lire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle lisant
/li.zɑ̃/
past participle lu
/ly/
infinitive
simple lire
compound avoir + past participle
gerund1
simple lisant
/li.zɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present lis
/li/		 lis
/li/		 lit
/li/		 lisons
/li.zɔ̃/		 lisez
/li.ze/		 lisent
/liz/
imperfect lisais
/li.zɛ/		 lisais
/li.zɛ/		 lisait
/li.zɛ/		 lisions
/li.zjɔ̃/		 lisiez
/li.zje/		 lisaient
/li.zɛ/
past historic2 lus
/ly/		 lus
/ly/		 lut
/ly/		 lûmes
/lym/		 lûtes
/lyt/		 lurent
/lyʁ/
future lirai
/li.ʁe/		 liras
/li.ʁa/		 lira
/li.ʁa/		 lirons
/li.ʁɔ̃/		 lirez
/li.ʁe/		 liront
/li.ʁɔ̃/
conditional lirais
/li.ʁɛ/		 lirais
/li.ʁɛ/		 lirait
/li.ʁɛ/		 lirions
/li.ʁjɔ̃/		 liriez
/li.ʁje/		 liraient
/li.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present lise
/liz/		 lises
/liz/		 lise
/liz/		 lisions
/li.zjɔ̃/		 lisiez
/li.zje/		 lisent
/liz/
imperfect2 lusse
/lys/		 lusses
/lys/		 lût
/ly/		 lussions
/ly.sjɔ̃/		 lussiez
/ly.sje/		 lussent
/lys/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — lis
/li/		 — lisons
/li.zɔ̃/		 lisez
/li.ze/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 Only usable with preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Italian lira, compare French livre.

Noun

lire f (plural lires)

  1. lira (unit of currency)

Anagrams

Further reading

Italian

Noun

lire f

  1. plural of lira

Old French

Etymology

From Latin legere, present active infinitive of legō.

Verb

lire

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to read
  2. (reflexive, se lire) to be read

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of lire (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive lire avoir leü, lit
gerund en lisant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle lisant
past participle leü, lit
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present li lis list lisons lisiez lisent
imperfect lisoie, liseie lisoies, liseies lisoit, liseit lisiiens, lisiens lisiiez, lisiez lisoient, liseient
preterite lui, lis leüs, lesis lut, list leümes, lesimes leüstes, lesistes lurent, listrent
future lirai liras lira lirons liroiz, lireiz, lirez liront
conditional liroie, lireie liroies, lireies liroit, lireit liriiens, liriens liriiez, liriez liroient, lireient
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present lise lises lise lisiens, lisons lisiez lisent
imperfect leüsse, lesisse leüsses, lesisses leüst, lesist leüssons, leüssiens, lesissons, lesissiens leüssoiz, leüssez, leüssiez, lesissoiz, lesissez, lesissiez leüssent, lesissent
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— lis — lisons lisiez —

Descendants

Further reading
  • Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (lire)
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