m-
See also: M- and mu-
Translingual
Egyptian
Etymology
From Proto-Afro-Asiatic *m- (nominal prefix).[1]
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ma-/, /mi-/, /mV-/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /mɛ/
- Conventional anglicization: me-
Prefix
- forms masculine abstract nouns from verbs, with the resulting root structure /ˈmiCCiC/
- forms agent nouns from verbs, with the resulting root structure /ˈmaCCaC/ or /mVCˈCiCVw/ if masculine and /maCˈCaːCit/ or /mVCˈCiCwVt/ if feminine
- forms instrumental nouns from verbs, with the resulting root structure /ˈmaCCaC/ or /mVCˈCiCVw/ if masculine and /maCˈCaːCit/ or /mVCˈCiCwVt/ if feminine
- forms passive nouns from verbs, with the resulting root structure /miˈCuːCiC/ if masculine and /miˈCuCCit/ if feminine
- forms nouns from other nouns with no apparent change in meaning, with the resulting root structure unchanged but for the addition of /ma-/ and the loss of final -w in masculine nouns
- forms nomina loci from verbs and nouns
Alternative forms
If followed by a labial consonant, this prefix dissimilated to n- in prehistoric times.
Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Egyptian_words_prefixed_with_m-' title='Category:Egyptian words prefixed with m-'>Egyptian words prefixed with m-</a>
References
- Gundacker, Roman (2011) “On the Etymology of the Egyptian Crown Name mrsw.t*: An “Irregular” Subgroup of m-Prefix Formations” in Lingua Aegyptia, volume 19, page 41–44
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 1
Kamba
Alternative forms
Prefix
m-
- you plural (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)
Northern Ndebele
Old Irish
Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Old_Irish_words_prefixed_with_m-' title='Category:Old Irish words prefixed with m-'>Old Irish words prefixed with m-</a>
See also
Old Irish affixed pronouns
See Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.
Person | Infixed | Suffixed | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||
1 sing. | m-L | dom-L, dam-L | -um | |
2 sing. | t-L | dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L | -ut | |
3 sing. m. | a-N | d-N | id-N, did-N, d-N | -i, -it |
3 sing. f. | s-(N) | da- | -us | |
3 sing. n. | a-L | d-L | id-L, did-L, d-L | -i, -it |
1 pl. | n- | don-, dun-, dan- | -unn | |
2 pl. | b- | dob-, dub-, dab- | -uib | |
3 pl. | s-(N) | da- | -us | |
L means this form triggers lenition. N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis) (N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others. |
Southern Ndebele
Swahili
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
Prefix
m- (plural wa-)
- The prefix for noun class 1 denoting humans.
- Forms the name of somebody who does something, has a certain characteristic, or is from a certain place.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
Prefix
m- (plural mi-)
See also
- Appendix:Swahili noun classes
Swazi
Xhosa
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni *mú-, from Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
Zulu
Prefix
m-
Prefix
m-
- Class 9 simple noun prefix; form of n- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “m-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “m-”
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