super
English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Latin super (“above”), from Pre-Italic or Proto-Indo-European *eks-uper, from *eḱs (“out of”) (English ex-), from *h₁eǵʰs + *uperi (English over). Cognate to hyper, from Ancient Greek.
Adjective
super (not comparable)
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
|
Adverb
super (not comparable)
Etymology 2
Short for superintendent.
Noun
super (plural supers)
- (informal, US) Abbreviation of superintendent in the sense of a building's resident manager, sometimes clarified as "building super".
Etymology 3
Short for superannuation.
Noun
super (usually uncountable, plural supers)
- (Australia, New Zealand, informal) Short form of superannuation, the Australian/New Zealand retirement benefits or pension scheme.
- Jane looked forward to collecting a large super payout when she retired.
Etymology 4
Short for superhive.
Noun
super (plural supers)
- (beekeeping) An empty box placed above the existing boxes of the beehive in order to allow the colony to expand or store additional honey.
Synonyms
- (beekeeping): duplet
Antonyms
- (beekeeping): nadir
Verb
super (third-person singular simple present supers, present participle supering, simple past and past participle supered)
- (beekeeping) To add or to place a super atop the existing boxes of the beehive.
- 1917 Dadant, C. P., First Lessons in Beekeeping; revised & rewritten edition, 1968, by M. G. Dadant and J. C. Dadant, p 73:
- The question is: when is the best time to super?
- 1917 Dadant, C. P., First Lessons in Beekeeping; revised & rewritten edition, 1968, by M. G. Dadant and J. C. Dadant, p 73:
Etymology 5
Short for superhero.
Noun
super (plural supers)
Etymology 6
Short for supernumerary.
Noun
super (plural supers)
- (theater) Someone outside the normal company, but appearing on stage with no lines to speak.
- 1905, Baroness Emmuska Orczy, chapter 2, in The Affair at the Novelty Theatre:
- For this scene, a large number of supers are engaged, and in order to further swell the crowd, practically all the available stage hands have to ‘walk on’ dressed in various coloured dominoes, and all wearing masks.
-
Noun
super (plural supers)
- A supercomputer.
- 1989, Kai Hwang, Doug DeGroot, Parallel processing for supercomputers and artificial intelligence
- The performances and cost ranges of three classes of commercial supercomputers are given in Table 2.1. The full-scale supers are the most expensive class, represented by Cray, ETA, and Fujitsu systems, for example.
- 1989, Kai Hwang, Doug DeGroot, Parallel processing for supercomputers and artificial intelligence
Etymology 8
Short for supernatural.
Czech
Adjective
super (indeclinable)
Usage notes
This word is slightly more formal than supr, yet still informal.
Synonyms
See also
Synonyms
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsy.pər/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: su‧per
Adverb
super
Adjective
super (not comparable)
Esperanto
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
French
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Latin super. Doublet of the inherited sur. See also hyper, borrowed from Ancient Greek.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sy.pɛʁ/
Related terms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sy.pe/
Conjugation
present participle | supant /sy.pɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | supé /sy.pe/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | super | ||||||
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | supant /sy.pɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | supe /syp/ |
supes /syp/ |
supe /syp/ |
supons /sy.pɔ̃/ |
supez /sy.pe/ |
supent /syp/ |
imperfect | supais /sy.pɛ/ |
supais /sy.pɛ/ |
supait /sy.pɛ/ |
supions /sy.pjɔ̃/ |
supiez /sy.pje/ |
supaient /sy.pɛ/ | |
past historic2 | supai /sy.pe/ |
supas /sy.pa/ |
supa /sy.pa/ |
supâmes /sy.pam/ |
supâtes /sy.pat/ |
supèrent /sy.pɛʁ/ | |
future | superai /sy.pʁe/ |
superas /sy.pʁa/ |
supera /sy.pʁa/ |
superons /sy.pʁɔ̃/ |
superez /sy.pʁe/ |
superont /sy.pʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | superais /sy.pʁɛ/ |
superais /sy.pʁɛ/ |
superait /sy.pʁɛ/ |
superions /sy.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
superiez /sy.pə.ʁje/ |
superaient /sy.pʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | supe /syp/ |
supes /syp/ |
supe /syp/ |
supions /sy.pjɔ̃/ |
supiez /sy.pje/ |
supent /syp/ |
imperfect2 | supasse /sy.pas/ |
supasses /sy.pas/ |
supât /sy.pa/ |
supassions /sy.pa.sjɔ̃/ |
supassiez /sy.pa.sje/ |
supassent /sy.pas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | supe /syp/ |
— | supons /sy.pɔ̃/ |
supez /sy.pe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
- “super” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈzuːpɐ/
Audio (file)
Declension
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | er ist super | sie ist super | es ist super | sie sind super | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | superer | supere | superes | supere |
genitive | superen | superer | superen | superer | |
dative | superem | superer | superem | superen | |
accusative | superen | supere | superes | supere | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der supere | die supere | das supere | die superen |
genitive | des superen | der superen | des superen | der superen | |
dative | dem superen | der superen | dem superen | den superen | |
accusative | den superen | die supere | das supere | die superen | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein superer | eine supere | ein superes | (keine) superen |
genitive | eines superen | einer superen | eines superen | (keiner) superen | |
dative | einem superen | einer superen | einem superen | (keinen) superen | |
accusative | einen superen | eine supere | ein superes | (keine) superen |
Interlingua
Italian
Latin
Etymology
From *eks-uper, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (“out of”) (Latin ex) and *uperi (“above”), from *upo. The latter is cognate to Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “above”) and Proto-Germanic *uber (English over).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈsu.per/, [ˈsʊ.pɛr]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈsu.per/, [ˈsuː.per]
Preposition
super (+ accusative, ablative)
- accusative [of place] above, on the top of, upon
- Cibus super mensam est.
- The food is on the table.
- Cibus super mensam est.
- accusative [of place] above, beyond
- 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.1.2:
- terra autem erat inanis et vacua et tenebrae super faciem abyssi et spiritus Dei ferebatur super aquas
- And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters.
- terra autem erat inanis et vacua et tenebrae super faciem abyssi et spiritus Dei ferebatur super aquas
- accusative [of measure] above, beyond, over, in addition to
- ablative concerning, regarding
Usage notes
- Used in many compound words, see super-.
Quotations
- For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:super.
Antonyms
Descendants
References
- super in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- super in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- super in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- the river is over its banks, is in flood: flumen super ripas effunditur
- the river is over its banks, is in flood: flumen super ripas effunditur
- super in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsu.pɛr/
Adjective
super (indeclinable, comparative bardziej super, superlative najbardziej super)
Portuguese
Adverb
super (not comparable)
Spanish
Swedish
Pronunciation 1
- IPA(key): /²sʉːpɛr/
Adjective
super (not comparable)
Declension
Only used predicatively.