Serum lutein/zeaxanthin

Table 2.7.a. Serum lutein/zeaxanthin: Total population

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in µg/dL) for the total U.S. population aged 3 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 3 years and older

13.0

(12.5-13.6)

7.00

(6.60-7.30)

12.8

(12.2-13.5)

25.0

(24.0-25.8)

8353

3–5 years

12.5

(11.8-13.2)

7.30

(7.00-7.90)

12.5

(12.0-13.4)

20.7

(18.5-22.7)

430

6–11 years

12.5

(11.9-13.2)

7.60

(7.00-8.20)

12.4

(11.6-13.2)

20.3

(19.1-21.8)

1014

12–19 years

10.4

(9.91-11.0)

6.10

(5.70-6.60)

10.4

(9.80-11.1)

17.8

(16.5-19.1)

2205

20–39 years

12.1

(11.5-12.9)

6.30

(6.00-6.80)

12.0

(11.2-12.8)

23.0

(21.7-24.4)

1714

40–59 years

14.4

(13.6-15.2)

7.70

(7.40-8.30)

14.2

(13.5-15.0)

27.3

(25.5-29.6)

1468

60 years and older

15.2

(14.3-16.2)

7.60

(7.00-8.30)

15.3

(14.3-16.5)

30.0

(27.3-32.5)

1522

Males

Total, 3 years and older

13.0

(12.5-13.5)

7.00

(6.70-7.30)

13.0

(12.4-13.6)

24.9

(23.5-26.0)

4049

3–5 years

12.2

(11.0-13.5)

7.30

(6.40-8.00)

12.1

(10.8-13.8)

19.5

(18.2-21.8)

217

6–11 years

12.6

(11.7-13.4)

7.70

(6.40-8.60)

12.5

(11.5-13.5)

21.3

(19.4-24.6)

507

12–19 years

10.3

(9.71-10.9)

5.90

(5.30-6.30)

10.2

(9.60-10.9)

17.7

(16.5-18.9)

1091

20–39 years

12.4

(11.7-13.1)

6.70

(6.20-7.10)

12.4

(11.2-13.2)

22.8

(21.6-24.5)

724

40–59 years

14.5

(13.8-15.3)

7.90

(7.30-8.50)

14.5

(13.7-15.5)

27.6

(25.5-30.4)

761

60 years and older

14.5

(13.4-15.8)

7.30

(6.30-8.50)

14.7

(13.3-16.4)

28.5

(24.9-32.0)

749

Females

Total, 3 years and older

13.1

(12.5-13.7)

6.80

(6.50-7.10)

12.7

(12.2-13.5)

25.0

(24.1-25.9)

4304

3–5 years

12.8

(11.6-14.1)

7.50

(6.40-8.10)

12.6

(11.8-13.8)

21.4

(17.6-26.5)

213

6–11 years

12.5

(11.9-13.2)

7.90

(7.00-8.90)

12.2

(11.5-13.3)

19.4

(18.0-20.7)

507

12–19 years

10.6

(9.95-11.3)

6.50

(5.60-7.00)

10.4

(9.90-11.3)

17.9

(16.5-20.2)

1114

20–39 years

11.9

(11.1-12.8)

6.20

(5.80-6.90)

11.6

(10.7-12.5)

23.0

(20.8-25.1)

990

40–59 years

14.2

(13.2-15.2)

7.60

(7.10-8.40)

13.9

(13.0-14.7)

26.8

(24.8-30.2)

707

60 years and older

15.8

(14.9-16.7)

8.00

(7.10-8.70)

15.7

(14.6-17.5)

32.0

(27.6-33.7)

773

Table 2.7.b. Serum lutein/zeaxanthin: Mexican Americans

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in µg/dL) for Mexican Americans in the U.S. population aged 3 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 3 years and older

13.7

(13.3-14.1)

7.70

(7.30-8.10)

13.5

(13.1-14.0)

24.1

(23.0-25.1)

2114

3–5 years

12.5

(11.3-13.9)

7.20

(5.80-9.70)

12.5

(11.8-13.8)

19.1

(16.9-22.5)

126

6–11 years

12.4

(11.5-13.2)

8.00

(6.40-9.20)

12.2

(11.6-12.8)

19.2

(17.2-21.2)

290

12–19 years

10.8

(10.4-11.1)

6.70

(6.00-6.80)

10.6

(10.2-11.0)

18.0

(16.7-18.9)

696

20–39 years

14.4

(13.5-15.4)

8.10

(7.10-8.60)

14.9

(13.8-15.9)

24.4

(23.0-25.7)

460

40–59 years

15.7

(14.3-17.1)

8.90

(8.20-9.50)

15.5

(13.9-16.7)

28.4

(23.9-32.9)

287

60 years and older

15.8

(15.0-16.7)

8.00

(6.00-9.70)

16.0

(14.4-17.4)

32.5

(27.3-34.3)

255

Males

Total, 3 years and older

14.1

(13.6-14.6)

8.10

(7.40-8.40)

14.2

(13.7-14.6)

24.1

(22.6-26.1)

1018

3–5 years

12.8

(10.6-15.4)

6.70†

(5.30-10.8)

13.1

(11.3-15.4)

19.1†

(15.9-25.7)

62

6–11 years

12.2

(11.2-13.2)

8.20

(6.30-9.30)

12.3

(11.4-12.9)

19.1

(15.7-22.5)

140

12–19 years

10.7

(10.1-11.3)

6.60

(5.70-7.00)

10.4

(9.60-11.4)

18.2

(15.6-20.1)

330

20–39 years

15.0

(14.0-15.9)

8.60

(7.30-9.90)

15.8

(14.4-16.5)

23.9

(22.1-26.2)

213

40–59 years

17.4

(15.7-19.3)

9.50

(8.90-11.4)

17.3

(14.8-19.9)

31.6

(26.6-36.4)

147

60 years and older

15.3

(14.0-16.6)

7.70

(5.70-9.80)

14.9

(13.4-17.4)

29.5

(25.8-37.9)

126

Females

Total, 3 years and older

13.2

(12.8-13.6)

7.40

(6.90-7.70)

13.0

(12.5-13.5)

23.9

(21.9-25.1)

1096

3–5 years

12.3

(10.8-14.0)

6.70†

(5.00-10.0)

12.4

(9.90-14.9)

18.5†

(16.0-22.5)

64

6–11 years

12.6

(11.7-13.6)

8.30

(6.40-9.30)

12.4

(11.6-13.5)

19.2

(16.6-24.2)

150

12–19 years

10.9

(10.4-11.4)

6.80

(6.10-7.40)

10.9

(10.2-11.3)

17.5

(16.2-19.7)

366

20–39 years

13.8

(12.7-15.0)

7.30

(6.60-8.20)

13.8

(12.2-15.8)

24.9

(23.8-26.5)

247

40–59 years

14.0

(12.5-15.6)

8.20

(6.80-9.10)

13.9

(12.3-15.9)

22.7

(18.7-30.8)

140

60 years and older

16.3

(15.2-17.6)

8.60

(6.00-11.3)

16.0

(13.8-19.0)

32.5

(26.4-34.3)

129

† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size.

Table 2.7.c. Serum lutein/zeaxanthin: Non-Hispanic blacks

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in µg/dL) for non-Hispanic blacks in the U.S. population aged 3 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 3 years and older

14.3

(13.2-15.5)

8.10

(7.30-8.80)

14.2

(12.8-15.5)

26.1

(24.1-28.5)

1992

3–5 years

15.4

(14.0-17.1)

9.80

(8.50-11.2)

15.3

(13.0-18.2)

24.5

(19.6-32.5)

128

6–11 years

15.3

(14.4-16.3)

9.50

(8.50-10.3)

15.7

(14.7-16.6)

24.7

(22.4-25.3)

340

12–19 years

12.5

(11.6-13.5)

7.80

(7.20-8.50)

12.5

(11.4-13.7)

19.6

(17.9-22.2)

671

20–39 years

13.3

(11.9-14.8)

7.50

(6.70-8.10)

12.8

(11.4-14.4)

25.3

(21.8-28.6)

319

40–59 years

14.9

(13.6-16.4)

8.60

(7.00-9.40)

15.5

(13.2-17.2)

28.2

(24.7-31.2)

291

60 years and older

17.6

(15.1-20.5)

9.10

(7.30-11.2)

17.7

(14.7-21.5)

33.7

(29.7-36.5)

243

Males

Total, 3 years and older

14.5

(13.4-15.7)

8.00

(7.40-9.00)

14.6

(13.4-15.8)

26.2

(24.1-28.5)

984

3–5 years

15.4

(13.4-17.7)

10.6†

(8.50-12.7)

14.5

(13.0-18.4)

21.8†

(18.5-34.3)

64

6–11 years

16.4

(15.2-17.7)

10.1

(8.90-11.4)

16.4

(15.6-17.2)

25.1

(23.9-27.0)

175

12–19 years

12.3

(11.5-13.0)

7.80

(7.50-8.30)

12.0

(11.4-13.3)

19.6

(18.2-20.8)

340

20–39 years

13.8

(12.0-15.8)

7.50

(6.80-8.40)

13.5

(11.0-15.6)

25.9

(21.9-29.8)

132

40–59 years

15.1

(13.5-17.0)

8.60

(7.10-9.70)

15.5

(13.5-17.5)

28.7

(24.2-31.2)

154

60 years and older

16.1

(14.2-18.1)

7.50

(5.80-10.4)

16.0

(14.7-18.4)

29.6

(22.7-38.9)

119

Females

Total, 3 years and older

14.1

(12.9-15.5)

8.10

(7.10-8.80)

13.9

(12.2-15.4)

26.0

(23.3-29.5)

1008

3–5 years

15.5

(12.9-18.5)

9.40†

(7.90-11.8)

15.6

(12.3-18.2)

25.7†

(19.3-37.1)

64

6–11 years

14.2

(12.8-15.9)

8.90

(7.40-10.1)

14.8

(12.3-16.1)

21.8

(19.2-25.3)

165

12–19 years

12.8

(11.5-14.2)

8.10

(6.80-9.40)

12.8

(11.3-14.4)

20.4

(17.6-24.2)

331

20–39 years

12.9

(11.4-14.6)

7.10

(6.30-8.10)

12.7

(11.3-14.3)

23.3

(19.5-28.9)

187

40–59 years

14.7

(13.2-16.3)

8.70

(6.20-9.60)

14.2

(12.5-17.1)

27.4

(22.1-33.3)

137

60 years and older

18.8

(15.5-22.7)

9.40

(8.00-12.2)

19.3

(14.4-25.4)

35.0

(31.0-36.7)

124

† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size.

Table 2.7.d. Serum lutein/zeaxanthin: Non-Hispanic whites

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in µg/dL) for non-Hispanic whites in the U.S. population aged 3 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 3 years and older

12.6

(11.9-13.2)

6.80

(6.40-7.10)

12.4

(11.6-13.1)

24.1

(22.5-25.7)

3580

3–5 years

11.5

(10.8-12.3)

7.20

(6.40-7.60)

11.8

(10.4-12.8)

17.7

(16.9-21.4)

133

6–11 years

11.7

(10.9-12.6)

7.20

(6.70-7.90)

11.4

(10.8-12.4)

18.7

(17.0-21.8)

301

12–19 years

9.87

(9.21-10.6)

5.90

(5.20-6.40)

9.80

(9.10-10.5)

16.8

(15.2-19.3)

656

20–39 years

11.3

(10.6-12.1)

6.00

(5.70-6.50)

11.3

(10.3-12.4)

21.2

(19.3-22.9)

770

40–59 years

13.8

(13.0-14.8)

7.50

(7.10-7.80)

13.7

(13.1-14.4)

26.3

(24.1-28.5)

777

60 years and older

14.7

(13.8-15.7)

7.40

(6.80-8.10)

14.9

(13.5-16.4)

28.0

(25.6-31.7)

943

Males

Total, 3 years and older

12.5

(11.9-13.1)

6.80

(6.30-7.10)

12.5

(11.7-13.2)

23.9

(22.0-26.0)

1738

3–5 years

11.2

(9.93-12.6)

7.10†

(6.20-7.70)

10.7

(9.00-13.5)

17.1†

(15.2-21.7)

72

6–11 years

11.7

(10.6-13.0)

7.10

(5.70-8.30)

11.3

(10.2-13.0)

19.6

(17.2-25.5)

157

12–19 years

9.65

(9.05-10.3)

5.50

(4.90-6.20)

9.60

(9.10-10.2)

16.7

(15.5-18.7)

323

20–39 years

11.6

(10.7-12.6)

6.20

(5.70-6.90)

11.7

(10.6-13.0)

20.7

(17.7-23.7)

312

40–59 years

13.9

(13.2-14.8)

7.70

(7.10-8.50)

13.9

(13.3-14.9)

26.8

(24.9-28.3)

407

60 years and older

13.9

(12.8-15.2)

7.30

(6.20-8.10)

14.1

(12.6-16.0)

26.1

(24.2-28.9)

467

Females

Total, 3 years and older

12.6

(11.9-13.4)

6.60

(6.20-7.00)

12.2

(11.6-13.0)

24.4

(22.8-25.8)

1842

3–5 years

11.9

(10.6-13.5)

7.30†

(4.30-8.30)

12.6

(10.8-13.8)

18.4†

(15.2-23.2)

61

6–11 years

11.7

(11.0-12.5)

7.50

(6.60-8.10)

11.5

(10.9-12.3)

17.9

(15.5-20.2)

144

12–19 years

10.1

(9.25-11.0)

6.10

(5.00-6.70)

10.1

(9.10-10.7)

16.8

(14.8-20.8)

333

20–39 years

11.1

(10.2-12.0)

5.90

(5.60-6.60)

10.6

(9.50-12.0)

21.4

(18.4-23.3)

458

40–59 years

13.7

(12.6-15.0)

7.40

(6.50-8.00)

13.5

(12.3-14.3)

26.4

(23.4-31.6)

370

60 years and older

15.4

(14.4-16.4)

7.70

(6.70-8.70)

15.5

(14.0-17.4)

30.4

(25.8-34.3)

476

† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size.