Table 5.3.a. Urinary equol: Total population

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in µg/L) for the total U.S. population aged 6 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 6 years and older

8.77

(7.84-9.81)

< LOD

8.28

(7.21-9.50)

38.5

(33.1-45.2)

4976

6–11 years

11.5

(9.82-13.5)

< LOD

13.4

(10.1-16.1)

45.9

(32.3-59.6)

668

12–19 years

10.4

(9.08-11.9)

< LOD

10.5

(8.70-12.1)

43.1

(35.6-53.1)

1401

20–39 years

8.54

(7.40-9.86)

< LOD

8.16

(6.78-9.80)

37.6

(29.5-47.4)

1043

40–59 years

8.39

(7.24-9.73)

< LOD

7.80

(6.20-9.20)

37.1

(28.7-48.7)

909

60 years and older

7.52

(6.59-8.58)

< LOD

6.68

(5.13-8.20)

34.5

(27.9-41.7)

955

Males

Total, 6 years and older

9.26

(8.17-10.5)

< LOD

8.70

(7.63-10.3)

39.6

(32.7-48.7)

2417

6–11 years

12.7

(10.1-16.0)

< LOD

13.7

(8.95-17.2)

56.0

(38.3-78.9)

347

12–19 years

10.5

(8.82-12.5)

< LOD

10.4

(8.49-12.9)

43.1

(35.2-56.1)

690

20–39 years

8.68

(7.39-10.2)

< LOD

7.90

(6.40-9.40)

38.2

(29.5-48.9)

454

40–59 years

8.90

(7.47-10.6)

< LOD

9.20

(7.10-10.5)

34.4

(27.4-45.2)

454

60 years and older

8.19

(6.75-9.94)

< LOD

6.83

(5.30-9.68)

35.6

(29.8-46.7)

472

Females

Total, 6 years and older

8.33

(7.39-9.39)

< LOD

7.89

(6.80-9.17)

37.6

(32.2-42.7)

2559

6–11 years

10.3

(8.60-12.3)

< LOD

12.6

(9.40-15.5)

33.5

(28.0-51.0)

321

12–19 years

10.3

(8.87-11.9)

< LOD

10.5

(8.70-12.1)

42.9

(32.1-58.7)

711

20–39 years

8.40

(6.97-10.1)

< LOD

8.60

(6.50-10.9)

37.5

(25.3-50.9)

589

40–59 years

7.94

(6.53-9.66)

< LOD

6.27

(4.70-8.04)

40.3

(28.5-56.6)

455

60 years and older

7.04

(6.28-7.89)

< LOD

6.56

(4.60-8.13)

30.5

(23.5-43.2)

483

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD.

Table 5.3.b. Urinary equol: Mexican Americans

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in µg/L) for Mexican Americans in the U.S. population aged 6 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 6 years and older

6.16

(5.59-6.79)

< LOD

5.20

(4.44-6.05)

25.0

(19.9-31.0)

1405

6–11 years

7.70

(6.18-9.60)

< LOD

6.51

(5.11-9.20)

29.0

(20.7-48.7)

216

12–19 years

7.72

(6.95-8.58)

< LOD

6.90

(5.70-8.10)

33.0

(25.9-44.4)

507

20–39 years

*

< LOD

4.40

(<LOD-5.50)

21.1

(13.7-32.2)

276

40–59 years

6.06

(5.00-7.34)

< LOD

5.10

(4.00-6.44)

21.3

(13.4-39.9)

213

60 years and older

*

< LOD

4.07

(<LOD-5.05)

16.9

(12.9-22.8)

193

Males

Total, 6 years and older

6.25

(5.48-7.14)

< LOD

5.18

(4.20-6.50)

26.2

(19.1-32.9)

676

6–11 years

8.16

(6.20-10.8)

< LOD

8.53

(4.83-12.8)

29.5

(20.3-48.7)

112

12–19 years

7.31

(6.40-8.35)

< LOD

6.50

(5.50-7.67)

31.0

(19.7-48.6)

256

20–39 years

*

< LOD

4.20

(<LOD-5.49)

20.5

(13.7-32.1)

117

40–59 years

6.91

(5.13-9.30)

< LOD†

6.50

(3.86-9.48)

22.1†

(14.0-42.4)

98

60 years and older

*

< LOD†

4.14

(<LOD-5.51)

14.8†

(9.20-22.8)

93

Females

Total, 6 years and older

6.07

(5.49-6.71)

< LOD

5.36

(4.30-6.00)

22.3

(19.1-29.0)

729

6–11 years

7.25

(5.56-9.44)

< LOD†

6.30

(4.96-8.20)

28.6†

(18.8-76.3)

104

12–19 years

8.20

(7.23-9.30)

< LOD

7.56

(5.84-8.90)

37.2

(21.3-56.4)

251

20–39 years

5.51

(4.44-6.85)

< LOD

4.99

(3.30-6.60)

16.9

(12.3-35.4)

159

40–59 years

5.32

(4.29-6.59)

< LOD

4.50

(3.50-5.42)

17.3

(10.1-32.7)

115

60 years and older

*

< LOD†

3.88

(<LOD-6.08)

19.0†

(8.30-160)

100

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD.

† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size.

* Not calculated. Proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.

Table 5.3.c. Urinary equol: Non-Hispanic blacks

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in µg/L) for non-Hispanic blacks in the U.S. population aged 6 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 6 years and older

6.89

(6.04-7.86)

< LOD

6.09

(4.86-7.50)

28.8

(23.3-34.4)

1196

6–11 years

8.83

(7.19-10.8)

< LOD

9.90

(5.70-13.6)

31.0

(23.5-44.0)

223

12–19 years

9.45

(8.03-11.1)

< LOD

9.90

(7.77-12.0)

40.4

(29.9-51.0)

424

20–39 years

6.93

(5.62-8.55)

< LOD

5.90

(4.40-7.80)

29.6

(21.4-41.4)

178

40–59 years

6.12

(5.16-7.26)

< LOD

5.00

(3.60-7.43)

24.4

(19.4-30.2)

199

60 years and older

*

< LOD

< LOD

18.9

(11.6-27.6)

172

Males

Total, 6 years and older

7.68

(6.62-8.92)

< LOD

6.90

(5.10-8.50)

31.4

(26.1-39.8)

588

6–11 years

9.56

(7.44-12.3)

< LOD

9.90

(5.49-13.6)

34.4

(30.2-79.5)

120

12–19 years

9.68

(7.99-11.7)

< LOD

10.6

(6.90-13.6)

40.8

(28.4-51.6)

201

20–39 years

7.64

(5.88-9.92)

< LOD†

5.47

(4.20-9.71)

35.6†

(21.5-89.9)

80

40–59 years

7.30

(6.02-8.84)

< LOD†

7.40

(5.05-9.00)

26.0†

(19.8-35.3)

104

60 years and older

*

< LOD†

< LOD

18.9†

(7.60-32.0)

83

Females

Total, 6 years and older

6.28

(5.36-7.36)

< LOD

5.44

(3.70-7.13)

26.2

(18.9-35.4)

608

6–11 years

8.00

(6.05-10.6)

< LOD†

9.48

(4.10-14.7)

26.2†

(19.8-31.8)

103

12–19 years

9.22

(7.50-11.3)

< LOD

9.60

(7.20-11.6)

40.8

(29.9-73.4)

223

20–39 years

6.44

(4.84-8.57)

< LOD†

6.17

(3.50-8.30)

22.9†

(14.3-43.4)

98

40–59 years

*

< LOD†

3.80

(<LOD-6.99)

21.2†

(13.4-34.1)

95

60 years and older

*

< LOD†

< LOD

20.7†

(10.5-43.8)

89

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD.

† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size.

* Not calculated. Proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.

Table 5.3.d. Urinary equol: Non-Hispanic whites

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in µg/L) for non-Hispanic whites in the U.S. population aged 6 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 6 years and older

9.62

(8.32-11.1)

< LOD

9.49

(7.73-11.2)

41.3

(35.0-48.9)

1955

6–11 years

13.7

(10.7-17.6)

< LOD

15.2

(11.1-19.4)

53.3

(38.5-68.1)

179

12–19 years

11.3

(9.28-13.7)

< LOD

11.7

(9.74-13.6)

45.5

(36.9-58.8)

350

20–39 years

9.66

(7.87-11.9)

< LOD

9.80

(7.63-12.4)

39.0

(29.2-55.1)

486

40–59 years

9.34

(7.68-11.4)

< LOD

9.00

(6.50-10.8)

41.7

(31.7-60.7)

415

60 years and older

7.92

(6.81-9.21)

< LOD

7.30

(5.58-9.40)

34.5

(27.9-41.7)

525

Males

Total, 6 years and older

10.1

(8.58-11.8)

< LOD

9.86

(8.00-12.2)

44.0

(35.1-53.8)

965

6–11 years

14.6

(10.1-21.2)

< LOD†

15.2

(8.00-26.3)

59.0†

(45.9-85.4)

95

12–19 years

11.1

(8.64-14.4)

< LOD

10.9

(7.90-15.2)

48.1

(36.9-81.5)

179

20–39 years

9.81

(7.97-12.1)

< LOD

9.18

(7.60-12.3)

38.6

(29.5-57.5)

214

40–59 years

9.51

(7.58-11.9)

< LOD

9.82

(6.70-12.5)

39.7

(27.4-53.8)

213

60 years and older

8.91

(7.00-11.3)

< LOD

7.51

(5.52-12.4)

36.8

(30.1-46.7)

264

Females

Total, 6 years and older

9.22

(7.83-10.8)

< LOD

9.00

(7.40-11.1)

39.7

(34.1-45.8)

990

6–11 years

12.7

(9.69-16.7)

< LOD†

15.1

(11.7-19.4)

36.3†

(28.6-53.3)

84

12–19 years

11.4

(9.19-14.1)

< LOD

12.1

(9.90-14.1)

39.4

(25.1-61.5)

171

20–39 years

9.51

(7.30-12.4)

< LOD

10.0

(7.11-13.3)

39.0

(26.2-55.1)

272

40–59 years

9.18

(6.95-12.1)

< LOD

7.80

(5.04-9.80)

42.1

(33.3-93.9)

202

60 years and older

7.21

(6.46-8.06)

< LOD

7.26

(4.97-8.67)

28.5

(22.1-38.4)

261

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD.

† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size.

Table 5.3.e. Urinary equol: Total population (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in µg/g creatinine) for the total U.S. population aged 6 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 6 years and older

8.22

(7.38-9.17)

< LOD

7.98

(7.07-9.04)

35.1

(30.3-39.5)

4976

6–11 years

12.4

(10.5-14.7)

< LOD

12.5

(10.3-16.0)

45.6

(33.6-62.8)

668

12–19 years

7.68

(6.80-8.67)

< LOD

7.82

(6.91-8.70)

30.3

(24.3-39.1)

1401

20–39 years

6.90

(6.03-7.89)

< LOD

6.68

(5.68-7.53)

30.3

(25.0-36.3)

1043

40–59 years

8.40

(7.25-9.73)

< LOD

7.88

(6.66-9.16)

37.3

(29.6-46.3)

909

60 years and older

9.02

(7.98-10.2)

< LOD

8.94

(7.32-10.2)

37.8

(27.8-42.4)

955

Males

Total, 6 years and older

7.39

(6.53-8.36)

< LOD

7.38

(6.30-8.42)

31.1

(27.0-37.8)

2417

6–11 years

13.3

(10.4-16.9)

< LOD

12.7

(8.51-17.5)

48.1

(33.8-93.3)

347

12–19 years

7.55

(6.50-8.77)

< LOD

7.63

(6.45-8.89)

32.2

(25.9-45.3)

690

20–39 years

5.95

(5.04-7.03)

< LOD

5.59

(4.93-6.42)

25.0

(19.7-32.9)

454

40–59 years

7.30

(6.20-8.59)

< LOD

7.53

(6.06-8.81)

27.7

(22.4-39.5)

454

60 years and older

7.69

(6.43-9.20)

< LOD

7.36

(5.50-9.92)

27.9

(22.3-42.4)

472

Females

Total, 6 years and older

9.10

(8.09-10.2)

< LOD

8.71

(7.60-9.84)

37.8

(32.9-42.5)

2559

6–11 years

11.5

(9.40-14.0)

< LOD

12.3

(10.3-16.3)

37.5

(29.0-50.0)

321

12–19 years

7.82

(6.72-9.10)

< LOD

8.02

(6.97-9.00)

27.0

(23.3-31.7)

711

20–39 years

7.97

(6.78-9.36)

< LOD

7.61

(6.23-9.54)

32.9

(25.6-41.3)

589

40–59 years

9.57

(7.81-11.7)

< LOD

8.63

(6.66-10.0)

46.3

(36.4-67.7)

455

60 years and older

10.2

(9.23-11.3)

< LOD

9.64

(8.27-10.6)

38.8

(27.8-44.8)

483

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the uncorrected urine value, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD.

Table 5.3.f. Urinary equol: Mexican Americans (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in µg/g creatinine) for Mexican Americans in the U.S. population aged 6 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 6 years and older

5.77

(5.28-6.31)

< LOD

5.68

(4.95-6.39)

26.3

(22.3-28.8)

1405

6–11 years

9.84

(8.15-11.9)

< LOD

9.32

(7.52-11.9)

37.1

(27.6-47.8)

216

12–19 years

6.19

(5.75-6.65)

< LOD

6.02

(5.42-6.85)

23.4

(19.2-30.2)

507

20–39 years

*

< LOD

4.46

(<LOD-5.96)

18.9

(15.2-23.6)

276

40–59 years

6.12

(5.11-7.34)

< LOD

5.68

(4.55-7.16)

27.6

(18.7-32.6)

213

60 years and older

*

< LOD

5.16

(<LOD-7.14)

21.8

(16.2-33.3)

193

Males

Total, 6 years and older

5.24

(4.74-5.79)

< LOD

5.05

(4.19-6.31)

21.2

(17.9-24.6)

676

6–11 years

9.88

(7.79-12.5)

< LOD

10.0

(7.61-13.4)

31.4

(22.3-46.6)

112

12–19 years

5.60

(4.95-6.34)

< LOD

5.92

(4.60-6.66)

22.8

(16.2-28.6)

256

20–39 years

*

< LOD

3.66

(<LOD-5.72)

15.2

(10.7-19.9)

117

40–59 years

5.84

(4.35-7.84)

< LOD†

5.46

(3.86-7.32)

27.6†

(14.9-36.3)

98

60 years and older

*

< LOD†

3.76

(<LOD-5.42)

14.7†

(7.75-34.2)

93

Females

Total, 6 years and older

6.40

(5.66-7.24)

< LOD

5.99

(5.19-6.97)

29.2

(25.3-35.3)

729

6–11 years

9.80

(7.76-12.4)

< LOD†

9.00

(6.55-11.4)

43.1†

(27.9-106)

104

12–19 years

6.89

(6.07-7.82)

< LOD

6.06

(5.10-7.73)

25.2

(19.1-39.0)

251

20–39 years

5.13

(4.19-6.30)

< LOD

5.17

(3.54-6.64)

24.0

(15.7-39.6)

159

40–59 years

6.42

(4.80-8.60)

< LOD

5.68

(4.55-8.65)

27.9

(18.7-41.1)

115

60 years and older

*

< LOD†

6.77

(<LOD-8.26)

25.9†

(16.9-51.7)

100

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the uncorrected urine value, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD.

† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size.

* Not calculated. Proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.

Table 5.3.g. Urinary equol: Non-Hispanic blacks (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in µg/g creatinine) for non-Hispanic blacks in the U.S. population aged 6 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 6 years and older

4.68

(4.10-5.34)

< LOD

4.48

(3.70-5.41)

19.1

(16.5-23.3)

1196

6–11 years

8.21

(6.66-10.1)

< LOD

8.40

(6.92-10.6)

33.6

(20.5-45.4)

223

12–19 years

5.35

(4.55-6.28)

< LOD

5.46

(4.72-6.49)

21.0

(17.2-28.1)

424

20–39 years

4.02

(3.23-4.99)

< LOD

3.56

(2.85-4.96)

15.8

(13.0-23.1)

178

40–59 years

4.09

(3.31-5.05)

< LOD

3.64

(2.99-5.00)

17.1

(11.9-22.7)

199

60 years and older

*

< LOD

< LOD

18.8

(12.3-25.7)

172

Males

Total, 6 years and older

4.66

(3.95-5.50)

< LOD

4.48

(3.48-5.49)

19.5

(16.9-25.2)

588

6–11 years

8.62

(6.68-11.1)

< LOD

8.38

(6.11-12.2)

38.3

(25.6-48.1)

120

12–19 years

5.27

(4.27-6.52)

< LOD

5.49

(4.76-7.37)

20.2

(14.0-33.9)

201

20–39 years

3.82

(2.78-5.23)

< LOD†

3.47

(1.97-4.57)

15.8†

(10.5-35.3)

80

40–59 years

4.32

(3.51-5.30)

< LOD†

4.07

(3.28-5.42)

17.3†

(11.6-27.0)

104

60 years and older

*

< LOD†

< LOD

12.3†

(9.13-22.5)

83

Females

Total, 6 years and older

4.69

(4.05-5.45)

< LOD

4.48

(3.56-5.75)

18.6

(15.0-24.5)

608

6–11 years

7.74

(5.98-10.0)

< LOD†

8.63

(6.25-10.9)

26.2†

(17.1-43.8)

103

12–19 years

5.42

(4.46-6.59)

< LOD

5.44

(4.15-6.94)

24.2

(17.0-32.1)

223

20–39 years

4.18

(3.16-5.53)

< LOD†

3.76

(2.72-5.93)

15.0†

(12.3-23.1)

98

40–59 years

*

< LOD†

3.05

(<LOD-5.74)

17.1†

(9.11-38.0)

95

60 years and older

*

< LOD†

< LOD

21.2†

(12.5-31.3)

89

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the uncorrected urine value, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD.

† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size.

* Not calculated. Proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.

Table 5.3.h. Urinary equol: Non-Hispanic whites (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in µg/g creatinine) for non-Hispanic whites in the U.S. population aged 6 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002.

Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval)

Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval)

Sample
size

10th

50th

90th

Males and Females

Total, 6 years and older

9.61

(8.36-11.0)

< LOD

9.30

(7.93-10.6)

38.7

(32.7-46.3)

1955

6–11 years

14.6

(11.3-18.8)

< LOD

15.1

(11.4-21.4)

51.5

(33.8-99.8)

179

12–19 years

8.77

(7.38-10.4)

< LOD

8.89

(7.38-10.2)

31.9

(25.8-47.4)

350

20–39 years

8.46

(7.10-10.1)

< LOD

8.57

(6.85-10.3)

32.9

(28.0-41.4)

486

40–59 years

9.78

(8.16-11.7)

< LOD

8.78

(7.22-10.4)

44.5

(32.3-55.9)

415

60 years and older

9.85

(8.61-11.3)

< LOD

10.0

(8.48-11.6)

38.0

(27.8-42.8)

525

Males

Total, 6 years and older

8.44

(7.22-9.86)

< LOD

8.48

(7.07-9.94)

35.8

(28.8-43.3)

965

6–11 years

15.9

(11.1-22.8)

< LOD†

15.8

(8.10-27.0)

64.3†

(37.4-120)

95

12–19 years

8.63

(6.94-10.7)

< LOD

8.51

(7.06-10.2)

37.3

(26.8-64.3)

179

20–39 years

7.22

(5.89-8.86)

< LOD

7.02

(5.59-9.20)

28.8

(20.5-37.8)

214

40–59 years

7.97

(6.53-9.72)

< LOD

7.97

(6.66-9.70)

30.2

(22.7-42.3)

213

60 years and older

8.49

(6.91-10.4)

< LOD

8.71

(5.85-12.3)

28.9

(22.3-42.8)

264

Females

Total, 6 years and older

10.9

(9.38-12.7)

< LOD

10.2

(8.63-12.3)

41.8

(36.4-50.0)

990

6–11 years

13.2

(9.56-18.1)

< LOD†

14.7

(11.6-20.7)

43.3†

(28.8-60.7)

84

12–19 years

8.94

(7.23-11.1)

< LOD

9.00

(7.33-11.5)

26.0

(21.5-41.7)

171

20–39 years

9.92

(8.12-12.1)

< LOD

9.54

(7.50-12.7)

36.4

(28.0-55.9)

272

40–59 years

11.9

(9.14-15.5)

< LOD

9.71

(7.33-12.5)

65.3

(37.7-94.0)

202

60 years and older

11.1

(9.88-12.4)

< LOD

10.3

(9.38-12.0)

41.0

(27.8-53.2)

261

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the uncorrected urine value, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD.

† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size.