1-25
Important
subjects or
concepts
covered
Flow of
knowledge
and ideas
Area for
studying
How does the
class sit?
CONVENTIONAL
• the strengths and
rightness of the present
social order
• national history (distorted
to make ‘our side’ all
•
heroes)
rules and
regulations
• obedience
• anatomy and physiology
• much that is not much that
is not practical or relevant-
it is taught because it
always has been
• unnecessary learning
of big words and boring
information
school
or health
system
teacher
all
one
way
students
The classroom.
PROGRESSIVE
• integrated approach to
development
• how to make good use
of government and
professional services
• filling out forms
• desirable behavior
• simple practical skills
(often of little use-
such as learning 20
bandages and their
Latin names).
school or
health
system
teacher
mostly
one
way
student
The classroom and other
controlled situations.
LIBERATING
• critical analysis
• social awareness
•••
communication skills
teaching skills
organization skills
• innovation
• self-reliance
• use of local resources
• local customs
• confidence building
• abilities of women and
children
• human dignity
• methods that help the
weak grow stronger
students group school or
leader health
system
both ways
Life-the classroom
is life itself.
Class size
Attendance
Often LARGE. Emphasis
on quantity, not quality,
of edcation
Students have to
attend.
Group
interaction
Competitive (cooperation
between students on tests
is called cheating).
Purpose
of
exams
Primarily to ‘weed
out’ slower students;
grades emphasized.
Some students pass.
Others fail.
Evaluation
Often superficial-by
education or health
system. Students and
community are the
objects or study.
At end of
training,
students are
given...
• diplomas
• irregular,
police-like
supervision
After training, a his supervisor, the
health worker is health authorities, the
accountable to... government
Often farily small, to
encourage participation.
Students often want
to attend because
classes are entertaining
and they will earn
more if they graduate.
Íncentives’ are given.
Organized and directed
by teacher. Many games
and techniques used to
bring people together.
Variable, but generally
tests are used to pass
some and fail
others.
Often over-elaborate-
by education or health
‘experts’. Community
and students participate
in limited ways.
• diplomas
• uniforms
• salaries
• ‘supportive’ supervision
mainly to the health
authorities, less so to
local authorities and
the community
Often SMALL, to
encourage communication
and apprenticeship learning.
Students want to attend
because the learning
relates to their lives and
needs, and because
they are listened to and
respected.
Cooperative-students
help each other. Those
who are quicker assist
others.
Primarily to see if ideas
are clarely expressed and
if teaching methods work
well. Not grades. Faster
students help slower ones.
Simple and continual-
by community, students,
and staff. Students
and teachers evaluate
each others’ work and
attitudes.
• encouragement to work
hard and keep learning
• supportive assistance
when asked for
mainly to the
community-especially
the poor, whose
interests he defends