Resuscitation

Resuscitation is the process of correcting physiological disorders (such as lack of breathing or heartbeat) in an acutely ill patient. It is an important part of intensive care medicine, trauma surgery and emergency medicine. Well known examples are cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

Variables

System Example causes Biomarker Treatment
Hypoperfusion (Circulatory shock) Haemorrhagic shock Hypovolemia (Hypovolemic shock) Intravascular volume status (Preload) Heart rate (Tachycardia) / Systolic blood pressure (Hypotension) / Decreased urine output Intravenous fluid / Intraosseous infusion / Blood transfusion with packed red blood cells
Cardiogenic shock Cardiac output Positive inotropic agents / Chronotropes
Distributive shock Sepsis (Septic shock) Vascular permeability Vasopressors
Neurogenic shock Total peripheral resistance
Obstructive shock Cardiac tamponade Beck's triad Pericardiocentesis/Thoracotomy with pericardial window
Tension pneumothorax Thoracentesis/Chest drain
Pulmonary embolism Thrombolysis/Embolectomy
Acid–base imbalance Acidosis pH Sodium bicarbonate
Alkalosis Interventional/Supportive
Gas exchange (Respiratory failure) Hypercapnia PaCO2 Interventional/Supportive
Hypoxia PaO2 Oxygen therapy
Altered level of consciousness Coma Narcosis (Drug overdose) / Stroke (Intracranial hemorrhage) Glasgow Coma Scale Interventional/Supportive
Blood sugar regulation Hyperglycemia Blood sugar Insulin
Hypoglycemia Glucose
Electrolyte imbalance Hyperkalemia Serum potassium Calcium chloride/Calcium diglutamate, others
Hypokalemia Potassium
Coagulopathy Hypocoagulability Coagulation screen Fresh frozen plasma/Cryoprecipitate/Platelets

See also

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