1806–07 United States Senate elections

The 1806–07 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1806 and 1807, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

1806–07 United States Senate elections
Dates vary by state
11 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
18 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Democratic-Republican Federalist
Last election 27 seats 7 seats
Seats before 27 7
Seats won 10 1
Seats after 28 6
Seat change Increase 1 Decrease 1
Seats up 9 2
Results:
     Dem-Republican hold      Dem-Republican gain
     Federalist hold
Majority Party before election


Democratic-Republican

 Elected Majority Party


Democratic-Republican

The Democratic-Republican Party increased its overwhelming control of the Senate by one additional seat. The Federalists went into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (7 out of 34, or 21%) that even if they had won every election, they would still have remained a minority caucus. As it was, however, they lost one of the two seats they were defending and picked up no gains from their opponents.

Results summary

Senate party division, 10th Congress (1807–1809)

  • Majority party: Democratic-Republican (28)
  • Minority party: Federalist (6)
  • Other parties: 0
  • Total seats: 34

Change in composition

Before the elections
DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR8 DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17
Majority → DR18
DR27
Pa.
Retired		 DR26
N.C.
Retired		 DR25
Ohio
Unknown		 DR24
Vt.
Ran		 DR23
S.C.
Ran		 DR22
N.Y.
Ran		 DR21
Md.
Ran		 DR20
Ky.
Ran		 DR19
Ga.
Ran
F7
N.H.
Retired		 F6
Conn.
Ran		 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1

Beginning of the next Congress
DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR8 DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17
Majority → DR18
DR27
Pa.
Hold		 DR26
Ohio
Hold		 DR25
N.C.
Hold		 DR24
Md.
Hold		 DR23
Ky.
Hold		 DR22
Vt.
Re-elected		 DR21
S.C.
Re-elected		 DR20
N.Y.
Re-elected		 DR19
Ga.
Re-elected
DR28
N.H.
Gain		 F6
Conn.
Re-elected		 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1
Key:
DR# Democratic-Republican
F# Federalist
V# Vacant

Race summaries

Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1806 or before March 4, 1807; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Georgia
(Class 3)		 James Jackson Democratic-Republican 1793
1795 (Resigned)
1800		 Incumbent died March 19, 1806.
New senator elected June 19, 1806.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Kentucky
(Class 3)		 John Adair Democratic-Republican 1805 (special) Incumbent resigned November 18, 1806 after losing re-election, see below.
New senator elected November 19, 1806, despite being younger than the constitutional minimum.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Maryland
(Class 3)		 Robert Wright Democratic-Republican 1801 (special) Incumbent resigned November 12, 1806 to become Governor of Maryland.
New senator elected November 25, 1806.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner also elected to the next term, see below.

Races leading to the next Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1807; ordered by state.

All the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Connecticut Uriah Tracy Federalist 1796 (special)
1801		 Incumbent re-elected in 1807.
Georgia John Milledge Democratic-
Republican		 1806 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1806.
Kentucky John Adair Democratic-Republican 1805 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected November 13, 1806 on the fourth ballot.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Incumbent then resigned immediately and a new senator was elected to finish the term, see above.
Maryland Robert Wright Democratic-Republican 1801 (special) Incumbent resigned November 12, 1806 to become Governor of Maryland.
New senator elected in 1806 or 1807.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner also elected to finish the current term, see above.
  • ▌Green tickY Philip Reed (Democratic-Republican)
  • [data missing]
New Hampshire William Plumer Federalist 1802 (special) Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1807.
Democratic-Republican gain.
New York John Smith Democratic-
Republican		 1804 (special) Incumbent re-elected February 3, 1807.
North Carolina David Stone Democratic-
Republican		 1800 Incumbent retired to return to the State Superior Court, and then resigned early (February 17, 1807)
New senator elected in 1806 on the seventh ballot.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Ohio Thomas Worthington Democratic-
Republican		 1803 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected January 1, 1807.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Pennsylvania George Logan Democratic-
Republican		 1801 (Appointed)
1801 (special)		 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1806.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Andrew Gregg (Democratic-Republican) 49.11%
  • ▌Nathaniel Boileau (Democratic-Republican) 35.71%
  • ▌John Steele (Democratic-Republican) 12.5%
  • Not voting 2.68%
South Carolina John Gaillard Democratic-
Republican		 1804 (special) Incumbent re-elected December 9, 1806 on the second ballot.
Vermont Stephen R. Bradley Democratic-
Republican		 1791
1795 (Lost)
1801 (special)		 Incumbent re-elected in 1806.

Special elections during the next Congress

In this special election, the winner was seated in 1807 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Vermont
(Class 1)		 Israel Smith Democratic-Republican 1802 Incumbent resigned October 1, 1807.
New senator elected October 10, 1807.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Connecticut
(Class 3)		 Uriah Tracy Federalist 1796 (special)
1801
1807		 Incumbent died July 19, 1807.
Samuel W. Dana (Federalist) was elected to finish the term,[lower-alpha 3] but declined the election.[11]
New senator elected October 25, 1807 on the second ballot.
Federalist hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist) 80
  • ▌A. Spalding (Democratic-Republican) 74
  • ▌Roger Griswold (Federalist) 17
  • ▌D. Humphrey (Federalist) 10
  • ▌J. C. Smith (Federalist) 2
  • ▌E. Boardman (Democratic-Republican) 1
  • ▌J. Davenport (Democratic-Republican) 1[12]
Rhode Island
(Class 2)		 James Fenner Democratic-Republican 1804 Incumbent resigned September 1807 to become Governor of Rhode Island.
New senator elected October 26, 1807.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Georgia
(Class 2)		 George Jones Democratic-Republican 1807 (Appointed) Predecessor Abraham Baldwin (DR) had died March 4, 1807.
Incumbent appointee lost re-election.
New senator elected November 7, 1807.
Democratic-Republican hold.

Connecticut
See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut and 1806 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut

Connecticut (regular)

Georgia
See also: List of United States senators from Georgia and 1806 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia

Georgia (special, class 2)
Senator William H. Crawford

Democratic-Republican Abraham Baldwin died March 4, 1807. Democratic-Republican George Jones was appointed August 27. 1807 to continue the term, pending a special election. Jones ran in the November 7, 1807 special election, but lost to Democratic-Republican William H. Crawford.

Class 3
Senator John Milledge

Democratic-Republican James Jackson, who had served since 1793 died March 19, 1806.

Georgia (special, class 3)

Democratic-Republican John Milledge was elected June 19, 1806.

Georgia (regular)

Milledge was later re-elected to the next term.

Kentucky
See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky and 1806 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky

Maryland
See also: List of United States senators from Maryland
1806 United States Senate elections in Maryland
November 25, 1806
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
 
Candidate Philip Reed William Hayward
Party Democratic-Republican
Legislative vote 47 33
Percentage 58.75% 41.25%

The Maryland General Assembly convened to both fill the unexpired term of Robert Wright who resigned to become Governor of Maryland, and to fill the next term. This election was therefore both the regular and special.

Philip Reed won election over William Hayward by a margin of 17.50%, or 33 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[15]

New Hampshire
See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire and 1806 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire

New York
Main article: 1807 United States Senate election in New York
See also: List of United States senators from New York

North Carolina
See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina

Ohio
See also: List of United States senators from Ohio

Pennsylvania
See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania

Rhode Island (special)
See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island

South Carolina
See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina

Vermont
See also: List of United States senators from Vermont and 1806 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont

See also

Notes
  1. Possibly Thomas Telfair
  2. 'more than likely…fictional characters'
  3. Dana 96, Asa Spalding (Democratic-Republican) 50, David Humphrey (Federalist) 8

References
  1. "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. 8 February 2022.
  2. "Georgia 1806 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 11 February 2018., citing Georgia Republican (Savannah, GA). June 27, 1806.
  3. "Kentucky 1806 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 11 February 2018., citing The Western World (Frankfort, KY). November 22, 1806. Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). December 19, 1806.
  4. "Maryland 1806 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 11 February 2018., citing Votes and Proceedings of the Maryland State Senate, 1806. 11-12.
  5. "Kentucky 1806 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 12 February 2018., citing The Western World (Frankfort, KY). November 22, 1806. Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). December 19, 1806.
  6. "New York 1807 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 13 February 2018., citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1807. 38-39. Journal of the New York State Senate, 1807. 13-14.
  7. "North Carolina 1806 U.S. Senate, Ballot 7". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 13 February 2018., citing Legislative Papers for 1806. State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh.
  8. "Ohio 1807 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 13 February 2018., citing Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901. Columbus, Ohio: Century Publishing Co. p. 96 – via Internet Archive.
  9. "South Carolina 1806 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 14 February 2018., citing The Times (Charleston, SC). December 13, 1806. Charleston Courier (Charleston, SC). December 16, 1806.
  10. "Vermont 1806 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 14 February 2018., citing American Mercury (Hartford, CT). November 6, 1806. Weekly Wanderer (Randolph, VT). October 29, 1806.
  11. "Connecticut 1807 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 12 February 2018., citing Connecticut Herald (New Haven, CT). October 13, 1807.
  12. "Connecticut 1807 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 12 February 2018., citing American Mercury (Hartford, CT). November 5, 1807.
  13. "Rhode Island 1807 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 14 February 2018., citing Newport Mercury (Newport, RI). November 7, 1807.
  14. "Georgia 1807 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 12 February 2018., citing Augusta Chronicle (Augusta, GA). November 14, 1807.
  15. "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 25, 1806". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
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