1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane

1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane, or R-114, also known as cryofluorane (INN), is a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) with the molecular formula ClF2CCF2Cl. Its primary use has been as a refrigerant. It is a non-flammable gas with a sweetish, chloroform-like odor with the critical point occurring at 145.6 °C and 3.26 MPa. When pressurized or cooled, it is a colorless liquid. It is listed on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's list of ozone depleting chemicals, and is classified as a Montreal Protocol Class I, group 1 ozone depleting substance.[3]

1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane
Other names
R-114, CFC-114, halon 242, cryofluorane, Freon 114, Genetron 114, Refrigerant 114
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.853
EC Number
  • 200-937-7
RTECS number
  • KI1101000
UNII
UN number 1958
  • InChI=1S/C2Cl2F4/c3-1(5,6)2(4,7)8
    Key: DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • ClC(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl
Properties
C2Cl2F4
Molar mass 170.92 g/mol
Appearance colorless gas[1]
Odor faint, ether-like (high concentrations)[1]
Density 1.455 g/cm3
Melting point −94 °C (−137 °F; 179 K)
Boiling point 3.5 °C (38.3 °F; 276.6 K)
0.01%[1]
Vapor pressure 1.9 atm (21°C)[1]
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Ozone depletor
GHS labelling:
GHS04: Compressed GasGHS07: Exclamation mark
Warning
H280, H420
P410+P403, P502
Flash point nonflammable[1]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
720,000 ppm (rat, 30 min)
700,000 ppm (mouse, 30 min)
750,000 ppm (rabbit, 30 min)[2]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 1000 ppm (7000 mg/m3)[1]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 1000 ppm (7000 mg/m3)[1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 15000 ppm[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

When used as a refrigerant, R-114 is classified as a medium pressure refrigerant.

The U.S. Navy uses R-114 in its centrifugal chillers in preference to R-11 to avoid air and moisture leakage into the system. While the evaporator of an R-11 charged chiller runs at a vacuum during operation, R-114 yields approximately 0 psig operating pressure in the evaporator.

Manufactured and sold R-114 was usually mixed with the non symmetrical isomer 1,1-dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114a), as separation of the two isomers is difficult.[4]

Dangers
Mixing ratio of CFC-114 in air (black) between 1960 and 2014. Also levels of CFC-114a are in red.

Aside from its immense environmental impacts, R114, like most chlorofluoroalkanes, forms phosgene gas when exposed to a naked flame.[5]

References
  1. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0201". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. "Dichlorotetrafluoroethane". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. United States Environmental Protection Agency (17 July 2015). "Ozone-Depleting Substances". Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  4. Laube, Johannes C.; Mohd Hanif, Norfazrin; Martinerie, Patricia; Gallacher, Eileen; Fraser, Paul J.; Langenfelds, Ray; Brenninkmeijer, Carl A. M.; Schwander, Jakob; Witrant, Emmanuel; Wang, Jia-Lin; Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng; Gooch, Lauren J.; Reeves, Claire E.; Sturges, William T.; Oram, David E. (9 December 2016). "Tropospheric observations of CFC-114 and CFC-114a with a focus on long-term trends and emissions". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 16 (23): 15347–15358. Bibcode:2016ACP....1615347L. doi:10.5194/acp-16-15347-2016.
  5. "False Alarms: The Legacy of Phosgene Gas". HVAC School. 4 January 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
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