Eurovision Song Contest 2001

The Eurovision Song Contest 2001 was the 46th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Copenhagen, Denmark, following the country's victory at the 2000 contest with the song "Fly on the Wings of Love" by Olsen Brothers. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster the Danish Broadcasting Corporation (DR), the contest was held at the Parken Stadium on 12 May 2001. The contest was presented by Danish television presenter Natasja Crone Back and actor Søren Pilmark.[1]

Eurovision Song Contest 2001
Dates
Final12 May 2001 (2001-05-12)
Host
VenueParken Stadium
Copenhagen, Denmark
Presenter(s)
Directed byJan Frifelt
Executive supervisorChristine Marchal-Ortiz
Executive producerJørgen Ramskov
Host broadcasterDanish Broadcasting Corporation (DR)
Websiteeurovision.tv/event/copenhagen-2001
Participants
Number of entries23
Debuting countriesNone
Returning countries
Non-returning countries
Participation map
  • A coloured map of the countries of Europe
         Participating countries     Countries that participated in the past but not in 2001
Vote
Voting systemEach country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 points to their 10 favourite songs.
Winning song Estonia
"Everybody"

Twenty-three countries took part in the contest. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, and Slovenia returned after their relegation from the previous edition. Greece also returned after their two-year absence, following financial trouble.[2] Meanwhile, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, Macedonia, Romania, and Switzerland were relegated.

The winner was Estonia with the song "Everybody", performed by Tanel Padar, Dave Benton and 2XL, and written by Ivar Must and Maian Kärmas. This was the first time the contest was won by one of the countries from the former Eastern bloc that debuted in the contest in the 1990s. Denmark, Greece, France and Sweden rounded out the top five with Greece achieving its best result up to that point in the contest. Further down the table, Slovenia equalled their best result from 1995, finishing seventh. Meanwhile, Ireland finished in 21st place, giving the nation its worst placement up to that point.

Location
Parken Stadium, Copenhagen - host venue of the 2001 contest.
Locations of the candidate cities: the chosen host city is marked in blue, while the eliminated cities are marked in red.

Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, was the chosen host city. The venue choice for the contest was Parken Stadium, the national football stadium, located in the Indre Østerbro district of Copenhagen, Denmark, built from 1990 to 1992.

The Danish national broadcaster the Danish Broadcasting Corporation (DR) faced some problems whilst organising the contest such as a lack of funds and the search for a suitable venue. The three largest cities in Denmark – Copenhagen, Aarhus and Odense – all made bids to host the contest. Eventually, DR chose the large football stadium Parken as the host venue, after the company running the stadium agreed to add a retractable roof to the building. This solution made it the biggest venue ever to host a Eurovision Song Contest with room for an audience of 38,000, breaking the record of 16,000 held by the previous year's hosts Sweden.[1] However, the venue's scale meant that many audience members could not see the stage, and for many entries the hall appeared to be too big.[2]

Participating countries
Further information: List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest

Per the rules of the contest twenty-three countries were allowed to participate in the event. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Lithuania, Poland and Portugal and Slovenia returned after being relegated from the previous year's event. 2000 participants Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, Macedonia, Romania and Switzerland were absent from this edition.

Participants of the Eurovision Song Contest 2001[3][4]
Country Broadcaster Artist Song Language Songwriter(s)
 Bosnia and Herzegovina PBSBiH Nino "Hano" Bosnian, English Nino Pršeš
 Croatia HRT Vanna "Strings of My Heart" English
 Denmark DR Rollo and King "Never Ever Let You Go" English
  • Stefan Nielsen
  • Søren Poppe
 Estonia ETV Tanel Padar, Dave Benton and 2XL "Everybody" English
 France France Télévisions Natasha St-Pier "Je n'ai que mon âme" French, English Jill Kapler
 Germany NDR[lower-alpha 1] Michelle "Wer Liebe lebt" German, English
  • Eva Richter
  • Matthias Stingl
  • Gino Trovatello
 Greece ERT Antique "Die for You" Greek, English
  • Antonis Pappas
  • Nikos Terzis
 Iceland RÚV Two Tricky "Angel" English
  • Einar Bárðarson
  • Magnús Þór Sigmundsson
 Ireland RTÉ Gary O'Shaughnessy "Without Your Love" English Pat Sheridan
 Israel IBA Tal Sondak "Ein Davar" (אין דבר) Hebrew
  • Yair Klinger
  • Shimrit Orr
 Latvia LTV Arnis Mednis "Too Much" English
 Lithuania LRT Skamp "You Got Style" English, Lithuanian[lower-alpha 2]
 Malta PBS Fabrizio Faniello "Another Summer Night" English
 Netherlands NOS Michelle "Out on My Own" English
  • André Remkes
  • Dirk Jan Vermeij
 Norway NRK Haldor Lægreid "On My Own" English
  • Ole Henrik Antonsen
  • Tom-Steinar Hanssen
  • Ole Jørgen Olsen
 Poland TVP Piasek "2 Long" English
 Portugal RTP MTM "Só sei ser feliz assim" Portuguese Marco Quelhas
 Russia ORT Mumiy Troll "Lady Alpine Blue" English Ilya Lagutenko
 Slovenia RTVSLO Nuša Derenda "Energy" English
  • Lucienne Lončina
  • Matjaž Vlašič
 Spain TVE David Civera "Dile que la quiero" Spanish Alejandro Abad
 Sweden SVT Friends "Listen to Your Heartbeat" English
 Turkey TRT Sedat Yüce "Sevgiliye Son" Turkish, English
  • Figen Çakmak
  • Nurdan Güneri
  • Semih Güneri
 United Kingdom BBC Lindsay Dracass "No Dream Impossible" English

Qualification

Due to the high number of countries wishing to enter the contest a relegation system was introduced in 1993 in order to reduce the number of countries which could compete in each year's contest. Any relegated countries would be able to return the following year, thus allowing all countries the opportunity to compete in at least one in every two editions. The relegation rules introduced for the 1997 contest were again utilised ahead of the 2001 contest, based on each country's average points total in previous contests. The twenty-three participants were made up of the previous year's winning country, "Big Four" countries, the twelve countries which had obtained the highest average points total over the preceding five contests, and any eligible countries which did not compete in the 2000 contest. In cases where the average was identical between two or more countries the total number of points scored in the most recent contest determined the final order.[6]

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal and Slovenia returned after being excluded from participating in the 2000 contest, while Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, Macedonia, Romania, Switzerland, the seven countries with the lowest average result in the past five contests, were relegated.

The calculations used to determine the countries relegated for the 2001 contest are outlined in the table below.[6]

Table key

  Automatic qualifier
  Qualifier
Rank Country Average Yearly Point Totals
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
1  Latvia 136.00 136
2  United Kingdom 107.20 772271663828
3  Ireland 98.60 162157641892
4  Denmark 97.00 DNQ2571195
5  Russia 94.00 DNQ33155
6  Israel 90.67 DNQ172937
7  Sweden 88.00 100365316388
8  Germany 86.00 DNQ228614096
9  Malta 80.80 68661653273
10  Croatia 80.40 982413179[lower-alpha 3]70
11  Estonia 80.00 9482369098
12  Netherlands 68.80 7851507140
13  Iceland 65.00 511814645
14  Norway 57.00 1140793557
15  Turkey 56.60 57121252159
16  Belgium 46.00 22122382
17  Austria 44.75 68126534
18  Cyprus 43.40 72983728
19  Spain 30.60 179621118
20  France 27.00 18953145
21  Macedonia 22.50 DNQ1629
22  Finland 16.33 92218
23  Romania 15.50 DNQ625
24   Switzerland 10.25 225014

Returning artists
Artist Country Previous year(s) Ref(s)
Tanel Padar (with Dave Benton and 2XL)  Estonia 2000 (as backing vocalist for Ines)
[8]

Production

The Eurovision Song Contest 2001 was produced by the Danish public broadcaster the Danish Broadcasting Corporation (DR). Jørgen Ramskov served as executive producer, Jan Frifelt served as director and Christine Marchal-Ortiz served as Executive Supervisor. Television presenter Natasja Crone Back and actor Søren Pilmark were the presenters of the 2001 contest.[9]

Rehearsals in the venue for the competing acts were held from 7 to 12 May 2001. Four technical rehearsals from 7 to 10 May and two dress rehearsals on 11 and 12 May were held in a lead up to the contest.[10]

The logo for this year's contest was developed by Danish companies Kontrapunkt, 2Graphic Design and EventRelations. It was made out of four circles, placed in the shape of a heart. The four circles were also present in the stage design, with the light construction made of the same four rings. The whole rig could be formed into various shapes to add to each country's staging. The design was described by its designers as "a modern expression of a heart which symbolises openness, warmth, attitudes, pulse and movement".[11]

Cover art of the official album

The draw to the determine the running order of competing countries was held on 21 November 2000.[6][12]

A compilation album featuring all 23 competing entries was released on 5 May 2001 by EMI Records and CMC International.[13]

Format

Entries

Each participating broadcaster was represented in the contest by one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration. A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance, and all performers must have reached the age of 16 in the year of the contest. Selected entries were not permitted to be released commercially before 1 January 2001, and were then only allowed to be released in the country they represented until after the contest was held. Entries were required to be selected by each country's participating broadcaster by 11 March, and the final submission date for all selected entries to be received by the contest organisers was set for 16 March. This submission was required to include a sound recording of the entry and backing track for use during the contest, a video presentation of the song on stage being performed by the artists, and the text of the song lyrics in its original language and translations in French and English for distribution to the participating broadcasters, their commentators and juries.[6]

Voting procedure
Further information: Voting in the Eurovision Song Contest

The results of the 2001 contest were determined through the same scoring system as had first been introduced in 1975: each country awarded twelve points to its favourite entry, followed by ten points to its second favourite, and then awarded points in decreasing value from eight to one for the remaining songs which featured in the country's top ten, with countries unable to vote for their own entry. Each participating country was required to use televoting to determine their points. Viewers had a total of five minutes to register their vote by calling one of twenty-two different telephone numbers to represent the twenty-three competing entries except that which represented their own country, with voting lines opening following the performance of the last competing entry. Once phone lines were opened a video recap containing short clips of each competing entry with the accompanying phone number for voting was shown in order to aid viewers during the voting window. Systems were also put in place to prevent lobby groups from one country voting for their song by travelling to other countries.[6]

Countries which were unable to hold a televote due to technological limitations were granted an exception, and their points were determined by an assembled jury of eight individuals, which was required to be split evenly between members of the public and music professionals, comprised additionally of an equal number of men and women, and below and above 30 years of age. Countries using televoting were also required to appoint a back-up jury of the same composition which would be called into action upon technical failure preventing the televote results from being used. Each jury member voted in secret and awarded between one and ten votes to each participating song, excluding that from their own country and with no abstentions permitted. The votes of each member were collected following the country's performance and then tallied by the non-voting jury chairperson to determine the points to be awarded.[6]

Contest overview

The contest took place on 12 May 2001. The table below outlines the participating countries, the order in which they performed, the competing artists and songs, and the results of the voting.[9]

The show was opened by the last year's Eurovision winners, the Olsen Brothers, with a snippet from their winning Eurovision song "Fly on the Wings of Love", followed by their latest single "Walk Right Back". The interval act featured medley of songs performed by Aqua and Safri Duo.

The winner was Estonia represented by the song "Everybody", composed by Ivar Must, written by Maian Kärmas and performed by Tanel Padar, Dave Benton and 2XL. This marked Estonia's first victory in the contest.[14] Norway meanwhile finished in last place for the ninth time.[15]

Prior to the contest Greece were hotly tipped to win by the bookmakers, Sweden the second favourites, with France, Slovenia and host country Denmark expected to round out the top 5. However, as the voting progressed it quickly became a two-horse race between host Denmark and Estonia.[2]

Dave Benton, who was born and raised in Aruba, was the first black person and, at the age of 50 years and 101 days, the oldest contestant at the time to win the contest.[16]

  Winner
Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 2001[17]
R/O Country Artist Song Points Place
1  Netherlands Michelle "Out on My Own" 16 18
2  Iceland Two Tricky "Angel" 3 22
3  Bosnia and Herzegovina Nino "Hano" 29 14
4  Norway Haldor Lægreid "On My Own" 3 22
5  Israel Tal Sondak "Ein Davar" 25 16
6  Russia Mumiy Troll "Lady Alpine Blue" 37 12
7  Sweden Friends "Listen to Your Heartbeat" 100 5
8  Lithuania Skamp "You Got Style" 35 13
9  Latvia Arnis Mednis "Too Much" 16 18
10  Croatia Vanna "Strings of My Heart" 42 10
11  Portugal MTM "Só sei ser feliz assim" 18 17
12  Ireland Gary O'Shaughnessy "Without Your Love" 6 21
13  Spain David Civera "Dile que la quiero" 76 6
14  France Natasha St-Pier "Je n'ai que mon âme" 142 4
15  Turkey Sedat Yüce "Sevgiliye Son" 41 11
16  United Kingdom Lindsay Dracass "No Dream Impossible" 28 15
17  Slovenia Nuša Derenda "Energy" 70 7
18  Poland Piasek "2 Long" 11 20
19  Germany Michelle "Wer Liebe lebt" 66 8
20  Estonia Tanel Padar, Dave Benton and 2XL "Everybody" 198 1
21  Malta Fabrizio Faniello "Another Summer Night" 48 9
22  Greece Antique "Die for You" 147 3
23  Denmark Rollo and King "Never Ever Let You Go" 177 2

Spokespersons

Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for their respective country.[18][19] As had been the case since the 1994 contest, the spokespersons were connected via satellite and appeared in vision during the broadcast.[20] Spokespersons at the 2001 contest are listed below.[21]

  1.  Netherlands – Marlayne
  2.  Iceland – Eva María Jónsdóttir
  3.  Bosnia and Herzegovina – Segmedina Srna
  4.  Norway – Roald Øyen
  5.  Israel – Yoav Ginai
  6.  Russia – Larisa Verbitskaya
  7.  Sweden – Josefine Sundström[22]
  8.  Lithuania – Loreta Tarozaitė[23]
  9.  Latvia – Renārs Kaupers
  10.  Croatia – Daniela Trbović
  11.  Portugal – Margarida Mercês de Melo
  12.  Ireland – Bláthnaid Ní Chofaigh
  13.  Spain – Jennifer Rope
  14.  France – Corinne Hermès
  15.  Turkey – Meltem Ersan Yazgan
  16.  United Kingdom – Colin Berry
  17.  Slovenia – Mojca Mavec
  18.  Poland – Maciej Orłoś
  19.  Germany – Axel Bulthaupt
  20.  Estonia – Ilomai Küttim "Elektra"
  21.  Malta – Marbeck Spiteri[24]
  22.  Greece – Alexis Kostalas[25]
  23.  Denmark – Gry Johansen

Detailed voting results

The majority of participating countries held a televote, where the top ten most voted for songs were awarded the 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 points. This year the EBU introduced for the first time a mix of voting systems (50% televoting and 50% jury) for those countries that didn't want to use 100% televoting. Only three votes were allowed per household.[19]

According to the EBU rules, every broadcaster was free to make a choice between the full televoting system and the mixed 50-50 system.[19] In exceptional circumstances, where televoting was not possible at all, only a jury was used: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey and Russia. Only a few countries are confirmed to have used the mixed voting system: Croatia, Greece and Malta.

Detailed voting results of the Eurovision Song Contest 2001[26][27]
Voting procedure used:
  100% televoting
  100% jury vote
  50% jury and televote
Total score
Netherlands
Iceland
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Norway
Israel
Russia
Sweden
Lithuania
Latvia
Croatia
Portugal
Ireland
Spain
France
Turkey
United Kingdom
Slovenia
Poland
Germany
Estonia
Malta
Greece
Denmark
Contestants
 Netherlands 165164
Iceland 312
Bosnia and Herzegovina 29410717
Norway 33
Israel 2561072
Russia 3753108425
Sweden 1007328226458528857810
Lithuania 3551241015142
Latvia 1688
Croatia 4271053107
Portugal 18612
Ireland 615
Spain 7672541254735631138
France 14284127212677612731661061046
Turkey 4137774103
United Kingdom 2823333241223
Slovenia 704610614748221645
Poland 112351
Germany 66138111061063241514
Estonia 1981210410668121221088121212121012128
Malta 48315731421312312
Greece 1476888105125254512357888675
Denmark 1771012127106101281274410107121266

12 points

The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold. Estonia received the maximum score of 12 points from nine of the voting countries, with Denmark receiving six sets of 12 points each, France receiving three sets, Greece receiving two, and Malta, Portugal and Spain each receiving one maximum score.[26][27]

Distribution of 12 points awarded at the Eurovision Song Contest 2001[26][27]
N. Contestant Nation(s) giving 12 points
9  Estonia Greece,  Latvia,  Lithuania,  Malta,  Netherlands,  Poland,  Slovenia,  Turkey,  United Kingdom
6  Denmark Croatia,  Estonia,  Germany,  Iceland,  Ireland,  Norway
3  France Bosnia and Herzegovina,  Portugal,  Russia
2  Greece Spain,  Sweden
1  Malta Denmark
 Portugal France
 Spain Israel

Broadcasts

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay live and in full the contest via television. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants"; any passive countries wishing to participate in the following year's event were also required to provide a live broadcast of the contest or a deferred broadcast within 24 hours.[6] Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their viewers. Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators, are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
 Bosnia and Herzegovina PBSBiH Unknown Unknown [28]
 Croatia HRT HRT 1 Unknown [29]
 Denmark DR DR1 Hans Otto Bisgaard and Hilda Heick [30][31][32]
DR P3 Unknown
 Estonia ETV Marko Reikop [33]
 France France Télévisions France 3 Marc-Olivier Fogiel and Dave [34]
 Germany ARD Das Erste Peter Urban [35]
 Greece ERT Unknown Dafni Bokota [36]
 Iceland RÚV Sjónvarpið Gísli Marteinn Baldursson [37]
 Ireland RTÉ RTÉ One Marty Whelan [38][39][40]
Unknown Larry Gogan
 Israel IBA Unknown Unknown
 Latvia LTV Unknown Kārlis Streips [41]
 Lithuania LRT LRT Darius Užkuraitis [42]
 Malta PBS TVM Unknown [43][44]
Radio Malta Unknown
 Netherlands NPO Nederland 2 Willem van Beusekom [45]
 Norway NRK NRK1 Jostein Pedersen [31]
NRK P1 Unknown
 Poland TVP Unknown Artur Orzech [46]
 Portugal RTP RTP1, RTP Internacional Eládio Clímaco [34][47][48]
 Russia ORT Alexander Anatolyevich and Konstantin Mikhailov [49][50]
 Slovenia RTVSLO SLO 1 Unknown [29]
 Spain TVE La Primera José Luis Uribarri [51]
 Sweden SVT SVT1 Henrik Olsson [22][31]
SR SR P4 Carolina Norén and Björn Kjellman [22]
 Turkey TRT TRT 1, TRT Int Unknown [52]
 United Kingdom BBC BBC One, BBC Prime Terry Wogan [34][53][54]
BBC Radio 2 Ken Bruce
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
 Australia SBS SBS TV[lower-alpha 4] Effie Stephanidis and Terry Wogan[lower-alpha 5] [55][56][57][58]
 Austria ORF ORF 1 Andi Knoll [60][61][62]
FM4 Stermann & Grissemann
 Belgium VRT TV1 André Vermeulen and Anja Daems [45][63]
RTBF La Une Jean-Pierre Hautier [64]
 Cyprus CyBC Unknown Evi Papamichail [65]
 Finland YLE YLE TV1 Jani Juntunen and Asko Murtomäki [66][67]
YLE Radio Vega Unknown
 Romania TVR Unknown Leonard Miron [68]
  Switzerland SRG SSR SF 2 Sandra Studer [34][60]
TSR 1 Phil Mundwiller
TSI 1 Unknown

Viewing figures
Country Broadcaster Nominal Share Ref(s)
Denmark DR1 2,667,000[69] 95%
[70]
Malta TVM Unknown 94%
Slovenia SLO1 Unknown 82%
United Kingdom BBC One 6,500,000 35%
Germany Das Erste 8,160,000 36.7%
Netherlands NPO 2 3,600,000 Unknown
Norway NRK1 Unknown 57%
Sweden SVT1 Unknown 85%
France France 3 5,000,000 30%
Poland TVP1 4,500,500 Unknown
Greece ERT1 Unknown 51%
Spain La 1 5,630,000 45%
Portugal RTP1 800,000 8.8%
Israel Channel 1 453,000 19%
Belgium VRT TV1 500,000 Unknown
Finland YLE TV1 385,000 Unknown
Ireland RTÉ One 500,000 Unknown
Russia ORT Unknown 31.1%
[71]
Latvia LTV 712,600 54%
[72]

Incidents

Controversy was again rife in the contest: the United Kingdom TV commentator Terry Wogan repeatedly made critical comments about the hosts, and dubbed them "Doctor Death and the Tooth Fairy/The Little Mermaid" after providing their entire commentary in rhyming couplets.[73] The Danes were so offended that the BBC was obliged to issue an apology on Wogan's comments.[73]

Controversy also surrounded the Swedish song, "Listen To Your Heartbeat", which was repeatedly accused as a plagiarism of the Belgian entry for the 1996 contest, "Liefde is een kaartspel".[74] Eventually the EBU decided for the matter to be settled in court, with the song allowed to compete as long as the courts did not declare the song as plagiarism.[2][75] At first this was denied by the Swedish songwriters, one of whom was Thomas G:son, but after the Belgian songwriters and the author's organisation SABAM pressed for legal action, a cash settlement was agreed.[76][77]

During the voting the Danish band Aqua performed with a medley of their singles, with percussion ensemble Safri Duo performing in the medley.[2] Although enjoyable, people complained about it being a little bit "rude" as there was some swearing during the performance, both at the beginning and end of "Barbie Girl".

Other awards

Barbara Dex Award

The Barbara Dex Award is the award, created by fansite House of Eurovision, was awarded to the performer deemed to have been the "worst dressed" among the participants.[78][79] The winner in 2001 was Polish representative Piasek, as determined by the visitors of the website House of Eurovision.[80][81][82]

Notes and references

Notes
  1. On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortium ARD[5]
  2. Contains some words in German and French
  3. Croatia's score from the 1999 contest was reduced by 33% for the purposes of determining average scores due to the use of synthesised pre-recorded vocals in that year's Croatian entry.[7]
  4. Broadcast without postcards and voting on 13 May 2001 at 20:30 AEST (10:30 UTC); contest later broadcast in full on 27 May 2001 at 14:30 AEST (02:30 UTC)[55][56][57]
  5. SBS's coverage of the 2001 contest consisted of excerpts from the event in Copenhagen with commentary by Terry Wogan interspersed with live footage from the SBS studios. The SBS Eurovision party was hosted by Mary Coustas as Effie Stephanidis and featured a panel of 23 Australian celebrities representing the competing countries and a phone and internet vote to determine Australia's favourite entry. Due to complaints at the change of format the contest was later broadcast in full and unedited with UK commentary.[57][58][59]

References
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  13. "Eurovision Song Contest: Copenhagen 2001 - Various Artists | Release Credits". AllMusic.
  14. "Estonia". Eurovision.tv.
  15. "Norway". Eurovision.tv.
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  17. "Final of Copenhagen 2001". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  18. "How it works – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. 18 May 2019. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
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  20. "Dublin 1994 – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  21. Eurovision Song Contest 2001 (Television programme). Copenhagen, Denmark: DR. 12 May 2001.
  22. Thorsson, Leif; Verhage, Martin (2006). Melodifestivalen genom tiderna : de svenska uttagningarna och internationella finalerna (in Swedish). Stockholm: Premium Publishing. pp. 292–293. ISBN 91-89136-29-2.
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  25. "Αλέξης Κωστάλας: Δείτε πού τον εντοπίσαμε μετά από καιρό!". Gossip-tv.gr (in Greek). 19 February 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
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  27. "Eurovision Song Contest 2001 – Scoreboard". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  28. "Bosnia and Herzegovina – Copenhagen 2001". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
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