Nusantara (planned city)

Nusantara (Indonesian pronunciation: [nusanˈtara]), officially known as the Capital City of Nusantara (Indonesian: Ibu Kota Nusantara, IKN),[2] is the future capital of Indonesia, scheduled to be inaugurated on 17 August 2024, coinciding with Indonesian Independence Day.[3] Nusantara will replace Jakarta as the national capital, a position the latter city has held since the country's independence in 1945.[lower-alpha 1]

Nusantara
Planned future capital city
Capital City of Nusantara
Ibu Kota Nusantara
The "Point Zero" area of Nusantara
The "Point Zero" area of Nusantara
Official logo of Nusantara
Emblem
Motto(s): 
"Kota Dunia untuk Semua"
("Global City for All")
Nusantara is located in Kalimantan
Nusantara
Nusantara
Nusantara is located in Indonesia
Nusantara
Nusantara
Coordinates: 0°58′23″S 116°42′31″E
Country Indonesia
RegionKalimantan
Established (Law on State Capital)15 February 2022
Government
 • BodyCapital City Authority
 • ChairmanBambang Susantono
 • Vice ChairmanDhony Rahajoe
Area
[1]
 • Total2,561.42 km2 (988.97 sq mi)
 • Capital region561.80 km2 (216.91 sq mi)
 • Government central area68.56 km2 (26.47 sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+08:00 (Indonesia Central Time)
Area code(+62) 542
Websiteikn.go.id

The site is situated on the east coast of the island of Borneo, specifically in the province of East Kalimantan. The city is expected to encompass an area of 2,560 km2 (990 sq mi), surrounded by hilly landscapes, a forest, and a natural bay.[4][5][6]

Construction began in July 2022, starting with land clearing and the construction of access roads. The initial phase, known as the 'Government Central Area zone', will comprise government offices, schools, and hospitals.

The project is estimated to be at Rp 523 trillion ($35 billion USD)[7] and will be finished in 5 phases, with phase 1 started in August 2022.[8] Almost 150,000-200,000 workers from around Indonesia participated in this project with an additional workforce around the Nusantara region to ensure participation of local workers.[9][10][11] The project will be fully finished in 2045 with Phase 5 being the last.[12]

Etymology
See also: Nusantara (term) § Etymology

The word nusantara is derived from an Old Javanese compound of nūsa (lit. 'islands') + antara (lit. 'outer'), which can be roughly translated as 'the outer islands' (from Java island's perspective). This term is taken from Gajah Mada's oath and may be interpreted as a translation of Dvīpāntara, an older Sanskrit term coined by Kertanegara, which carries roughly the same meaning.[13][14]

Nusantara was chosen as the official name for the new capital city of Indonesia to embody the national geopolitical vision known as Wawasan Nusantara (lit. 'Nusantara Vision'; or 'Vision of the Indonesian archipelago'). It also reflects the country's status as an archipelagic state.[4] According to local Kutai oral tradition recorded in the historical manuscript Salasilah Kutai (lit. 'The genealogy of the Kutai kingdom'), the area was referred to as Nusentara (lit. 'land that is divided') before it was named Kutai in the 13th century.[15][16]

History

In April 2017 the Joko Widodo (Jokowi) administration reawakened a dormant motion to move the country's capital from Jakarta, making a commitment to completely assess prospective alternative sites for Indonesia's new capital by the end of that year.

According to an official from the Ministry of National Development Planning of Indonesia (Bappenas), the government was determined to move the Indonesian capital out of Java, an idea that had been intermittently floated since the Sukarno administration, which had considered Palangka Raya in Central Kalimantan.[17] Shortly after the plan was announced, Jokowi visited two alternative locations in Kalimantan, Bukit Soeharto in East Kalimantan, and the Triangle Area near Palangka Raya.[18] In April 2019, a 10-year plan to transfer all government offices to a new capital city was announced.[19]

The National Development Planning Ministry recommended the three provinces of South, Central, and East Kalimantan which Jokowi visited, given that each met the requirements for a new capital—including being relatively free from earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanoes,[20] as well as allowing for a maritime port.

President Joko Widodo alongside the Governor of East Kalimantan Isran Noor visiting the location of Nusantara.

On 23 August 2019, Jokowi formally ratified the plan,[21] as part of a strategy to reduce developmental inequality between Java and other islands in the Indonesian archipelago and to reduce Jakarta's burden as Indonesia's primary hub.[22][23][24]

The National Development Planning Ministry estimated the relocation cost to be Rp 466 trillion (US$32.7 billion) and that the government intended to cover 19% of the cost, the remainder coming mainly from public-private partnerships and direct investment by both state-owned enterprises and the private sector.[25]

At the same time, US$40 billion will be allocated to saving Jakarta from sinking in the next decade,[26][27][28] which has also been widely reported as the fundamental underlying cause for the relocation of the capital.[29][30][31][32]

In early September 2021, the bill for capital relocation was completed.[33] On 29 September 2021, the Jokowi administration submitted an omnibus bill for the capital relocation to the House of Representatives (the lower house of Indonesian legislature).[34] Amongst many items prescribed in the bill, it contained the plan for the formation of a Capital City Authority (Otorita Ibu Kota Negara), a special agency responsible for the new capital and answering to the President. The new agency was granted ministry-like qualities in that the office holder would be appointed by the President, but with special governing capabilities akin to a provincial governor.[33][35] It will also regulate how the Capital Authority will manage its funding, taxation, retribution, and assets.[36]

Due to the plan being submitted in the middle of Jokowi's second term as president, the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) put forward suggestion for a constitutional amendment to re-establish MPR's ability to enact Principals of State Policies (Pokok–Pokok Haluan Negara, PPHN), similar to the New Order's MPR's State Policies Outline (Garis Besar Haluan Negara, GBHN). This was to provide security and sustainability to the project and ensure its continuation after Jokowi was no longer in the presidency.[37] Based on the results of the KedaiKOPI Survey Institute survey in August 2019, 95.7% of respondents from Jakarta expressed their rejection of the plan to move the capital city to East Kalimantan.[38] On 17 January 2022, during a Special Committee Meeting, Minister of National Development Planning Suharso Monoarfa said the new nation's capital would be named Nusantara.[39]

Following the inauguration of Bambang Susantono as chairman of the Authority, provinces across the country ceremonially send piece of soil and water from historically or culturally significant sites in their respective province to be part of the new capital's cornerstone and jug for its groundbreaking.[40] Central Kalimantan brought pieces of soil from a hill where Tjilik Riwut, a national hero from the province and respected Dayak figure, was said to be meditating.[41] East Kalimantan brought water and soil from Kutai Lama, where the historical Kutai Kartanegara kingdom was found.[42] North Maluku brought a combination of soil and water from four main historical sultanates in Maluku, otherwise known as Maluku Kie Raha, which are Jailolo, Ternate, Tidore, and Bacan.[41] East Nusa Tenggara province brought soil from seven regencies in the province, while Bengkulu brought soil from the location where Sukarno was exiled.[43][44] South Kalimantan brought water and soil from former residences of respected ulemas in the province, Zainal Ilmi and Syekh Muhammad Al-Banjari.[45] Southeast Sulawesi presented soil and water from the site of the historical Sultanate of Buton in Baubau.[46] East Java also did a similar thing from sites of the former Majapahit Empire.[47]

Design and construction

The Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing organized a capital city design contest in late 2019. The winner, Nagara Rimba Nusa ('Forest Archipelagic Country')[48] by Urban+ was officially announced on 23 December 2019. The government undertook to collaborate on the design of the winning team with that of the second- and third-placed teams, as well as international designers, to sharpen the final design process up to 2020.[49] Designers from at least three countries, namely China, Japan, and the United States, had offered to be involved in the design.[50] The name, which had been suggested about three months earlier, is aligned with the winner's main concept.[51]

The city is designed for sustainability and protecting its surrounding Kalimantan forests, targeting 80% of mobility to be supported by public transport, cycling, or walking and drawing all of its energy from renewable sources and allocating 10% of its area to food production.[3]

Initially, in July 2022, 100,000 workers from across Indonesia were deployed to the Nusantara site.[52] However, this decision drew criticism from local organizations for not adequately involving local workers.[53] In response to these concerns, President Joko Widodo instructed the Nusantara Capital City Authority to increase the workforce to between 150,000 and 200,000 to ensure the participation of local workers in the development of Nusantara.[54][55][56]

Construction was delayed until after the COVID-19 vaccination campaign completed in March 2022.[57]

In March 2022, the Ministry again organized a design contest on four structures, namely the vice-presidential palace, the legislatures' office complex, the judiciary's office complex, and a complex set for public worship next to Lake Pancasila.[58][59]

Phases

The first phase in 2022 – 2024 focuses on development of basic infrastructure, starting from the supply of drinking water, electricity to waste management. Phase II in 2025-2029, namely the development of the core area. Such as public transportation facilities both primary and secondary. Phase III development in 2030-2034 includes the development of industrial areas and other sectors. While phases IV and V will be carried out in 2035-2039 and 2040-2045 respectively. "In the final stages, IKN will achieve net zero-carbon emissions and one hundred percent renewable energy, sustainable industrial development, and become the world's leading city in terms of competitiveness," said the Head of the IKN Nusantara Infrastructure Development Implementation Task Force Danis Sumadilaga.[60]

Geography
Balikpapan, one of the cities near Nusantara

Nusantara is located on the east coast of Borneo, the world's third largest island. The city shares a land border with the province of East Kalimantan and has a coastal line that stretches eastward to the Makassar Strait and southward to Balikpapan Bay.[61] The city boasts a hilly landscape and was previously an industrial forest, with its concession owned by Sukanto Tanoto.[62]

Zoning
Map of Nusantara over contemporary border of East Kalimantan. The pink area denotes the Capital Region; the yellow area denotes the Extended Capital Region.

Nusantara encompasses an area of 2,560 km2 (990 sq mi), with 68.56 km2 (26.47 sq mi) designated as the government central area (Kawasan Inti Pusat Pemerintahan), 561.80 km2 (216.91 sq mi) as the capital region (Kawasan Ibu Kota Negara), and the remainder as the extended capital region (Kawasan Perluasan Ibu Kota Negara). The Nusantara metropolitan area will include the surrounding regencies and cities of East Kalimantan, such as Balikpapan and Samarinda.[63]

Planned zoning in Nusantara[63]
Zoning Planned facilities
Government Central Area
  • Presidential and vice-presidential palaces;
  • Central government, legislatures, and judiciary office buildings;
  • Cultural parks; and
  • Botanical gardens.
Capital Region
  • Residences for civil servants, police, and armed forces;
  • Education and medical facilities;
  • University, and science and techno park;
  • High-tech and clean industries;
  • Research and development centers;
  • Military bases; and
  • Other residential clusters.
Extended Capital Region Phase 1
  • A national park;
  • Orangutan conservation facilities; and
  • Other residential clusters.
Phase 2
  • Metropolitan developments; and
  • Other developed areas connected to nearby provinces.

Government
Main article: Nusantara Capital City Authority
Inauguration of the head and deputy head of Nusantara Capital City Authority on 10 March 2022.

Nusantara is managed by an agency known as the Nusantara Capital City Authority (Indonesian: Otorita Ibu Kota Nusantara). Its structure differs from that of other cities in Indonesia, which are considered autonomous, self-governing entities separate from the central government. In contrast, the Capital City Authority is an agency directly accountable to the central government. It operates at the ministerial level and its chairman is a cabinet-level official. Unlike governors, mayors, and regents, who are popularly elected in regional elections, the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Authority are appointed by the President.

Since 10 March 2022, the authority has been under the leadership of Chairman Bambang Susantono and Vice Chairman Dhony Rahajoe.[64]

The Capital City Authority announced that Nusantara would have special form of local governance and the administrative division of Nusantara would be different from other regions in Indonesia.[65]

Transportation

To achieve the goal of having 80% of transportation supported by non-private means, a comprehensive public transportation network is planned for the new capital. The city's development focuses on creating dense, walkable areas and will feature a citywide network of cycling paths, two rail lines for a metro system, a bus rapid transit system, and autonomous minibuses as feeder services.[66][67][68][69]

An automated guideway transit system will connect the new capital to the Balikpapan highway.[70] Additionally, a new intercity and regional rail system will be constructed to link the new capital with neighboring cities such as Samarinda (including Samarinda International Airport) and Balikpapan, forming part of the broader Trans Kalimantan Railway network that will connect the entire Indonesian side of Borneo Island with rail service.[71]

A planned toll road spanning 47 km (29 mi) will be built to connect the government central area with the VVIP airport and Balikpapan.[72] Nusantara will also be served by the nearby Aji Pangeran Tumenggung Pranoto Airport located at Samarinda,[73] the neighbouring city of the new capital,[74][75] as well as Balikpapan's Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Airport. To support the two airports serving Nusantara, a new VVIP airport will also be built in Penajam.[76][77][78]

International relations

Twin towns and sister cities

Nusantara is twinned with:

See also

Notes
  1. During the Indonesian National Revolution, the Indonesian government moved the capital to Yogyakarta and then to Bukittinggi, where it remained for a short time until the restoration of control to Jakarta. See: Capital of Indonesia

References
  1. Maharani, Aisyah Sekar Ayu (19 January 2022). Alexander, Hilda B (ed.). "Berapa Luas Cakupan Wilayah IKN Nusantara?". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  2. "Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2022 tentang Ibu Kota Negara". Article 1 and 2, Law No. 3 of 2022 (PDF). Archived 20 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine
  3. Faris Mokhtar; Rieka Rahadiana (2 August 2022). "Indonesia Breaks Ground on Nusantara as Jakarta Sinks". Bloomberg.
  4. "Nusantara Becomes The Name Of The New Capital City, This Is What It Means". VOI.id. 17 January 2022. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  5. Mariska, Diana (17 January 2022). "Nusantara Is the Name of Indonesia's New Capital". TheIndonesia.id. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  6. Hananto, Akhyari (19 December 2019). "Menyambut Provinsi Baru di Ibu Kota Baru". GoodNews from Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  7. "Nusantara, the $35 billion new capital of Indonesia". 3 March 2023.
  8. https://www.jawapos.com/ibu-kota-baru/01404873/pembangunan-ikn-nusantara-tahap-1-dimulai-nilainya-rp-53-triliun
  9. Hantoro, Juli (3 June 2022). "Jokowi Perintahkan Pembangunan IKN Libatkan Masyarakat Lokal". Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  10. Pebrianto, Fajar (3 June 2022). "Jokowi Kumpulkan Menteri, Pengerjaan IKN Dimulai Paruh Kedua 2022". Tempo (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  11. Iswinarno, Chandra; Nirmala Sari, Ria Rizki (3 June 2022). "Pembangunan Awal IKN Nusantara akan Pekerjakan 200 Ribu Pekerja, Libatkan Warga Sekitar? Ini Kata Kepala Otorita". suara.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  12. https://penajamkab.go.id/?p=4412#:~:text=Sebagai%20informasi%2C%20pemerintah%20telah%20memiliki,pembangunannya%20dibagi%20menjadi%20lima%20tahap.
  13. "Nusantara". Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (3 ed.). Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa. 2016. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  14. Rais, Mohamed Amien; Ng, Taryn; Irwan, Omar; Najib, Muhammad (2004). Putra Nusantara: Son of the Indonesian Archipelago. Singapore: Stamford Press. ISBN 981-04-9907-8. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  15. Tromp, S.W. (15 February 2018). "Uit de Salasila van Koetei". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 37 (1): 1–108. doi:10.1163/22134379-90000277. ISSN 0006-2294. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  16. Knappert, S.C. (1 January 1905). "Beschrijving van de Onderafdeeling Koetei". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (in Dutch). 58 (1): 575–654. doi:10.1163/22134379-90001995. ISSN 0006-2294. S2CID 155062292. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  17. "Indonesia studies new sites for capital city". The Jakarta Post. Jakarta. 10 April 2017. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  18. Gorbiano, Marchio Irfan (26 August 2019). "BREAKING: Jokowi announces East Kalimantan as site of new capital". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  19. "Indonesia to move capital city". BBC. 29 April 2019. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  20. Dewanto, Fadjar Ari (13 July 2022). "Mengapa Kalimantan Timur Dipilih Sebagai Ibu Kota Negara? – Berita Daerah". Retrieved 14 July 2022. Kabupaten Gunung Mas, Kalimantan Tengah menjadi daerah yang juga terpantau untuk ibu kota baru, lahannya yang luas, bebas gempa bumi hanya infrastruktur dan masyarakat perlu dipersiapkan.
  21. Astuti, Nur Azizah Rizki (27 August 2019). "Surat Jokowi soal Ibu Kota Baru Dibacakan di Paripurna DPR". detiknews (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  22. Lyons, Kate (27 August 2019). "Why is Indonesia moving its capital city? Everything you need to know". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 31 October 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  23. Kusuma, Hendra (26 August 2019). "Resmi! Jokowi Putuskan Ibu Kota RI Pindah ke Kaltim". detikfinance (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  24. Picheta, Rob (26 August 2019). "Indonesia will build its new capital city in Borneo as Jakarta sinks into the Java Sea". CNN. Archived from the original on 26 August 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  25. Maulia, Erwida (26 August 2019). "Jokowi announces Indonesia's new capital in East Kalimantan". Nikkei Asian Review. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  26. Suroyo, Gayatri; Jefriando, Maikel (29 August 2019). "Indonesia pledges $40 billion to modernise Jakarta ahead of new..." Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
  27. Muthiariny, Dewi Elvia (16 August 2019). Murti, Markus Wisnu (ed.). "Jokowi Proposes to Relocate Capital to Kalimantan Island". Tempo. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  28. "Indonesia picks Borneo island as site of new capital". BBC. 29 August 2019. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  29. Ratcliffe, Rebecca; correspondent, Rebecca Ratcliffe South-east Asia (18 January 2022). "Indonesia names new capital Nusantara, replacing sinking Jakarta". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  30. "Jakarta is sinking, polluted and often floods, so Indonesia is moving its capital". ABC News. 29 January 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  31. z5076905 (13 September 2019). "Relocating Indonesia's capital from a sinking Jakarta to a forest: A risky but needed move". UNSW Newsroom. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  32. "Indonesia's planning minister announces capital city move". BBC News. 29 April 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  33. Putri, Cantika Adinda (3 September 2021). "RUU Pemindahan Ibu Kota Baru Rampung, Ini Bocorannya!". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  34. Ramadhan, Ardito (30 September 2021). "Babak Baru Pemindahan Ibu Kota: RUU IKN Diserahkan ke DPR Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  35. Putri, Cantika Adinda (3 September 2021). "Tanpa Pilkada, Ini Kepala Otorita Ibu Kota Baru!". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  36. Junita, Nancy (1 October 2021). "Simak Poin-Poin Penting RUU Ibu Kota Negara | Kabar24". Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 1 October 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  37. "PPHN, Jokowi, dan Harga Mati Pemindahan Ibu Kota Negara". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 31 August 2021. Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  38. Putri, Budiarti Utami (27 August 2019). "KedaiKOPI: 95,7 % Responden Jakarta Tak Setuju Ibu Kota Pindah". Tempo. Archived from the original on 1 December 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  39. Siregar, Kiki (17 January 2022). "Indonesia minister announces name of new national capital in eastern Kalimantan". CNA. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  40. "Alasan Para Gubernur Bawa 1 Liter Air dari Daerah di Kemah IKN Jokowi". nasional (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  41. Yahya, Wahyudi. "Gubernur Malut Bawa Air dan Tanah dari Empat Kesultanan ke IKN Nusantara | TIMES Indonesia". www.timesindonesia.co.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  42. Rusiana, Dita Angga (12 March 2022). "Jokowi Kemah di IKN, Seluruh Gubernur Bawa Tanah dan Air saat Prosesi Pengisian Kendi Nusantara". Okezone Nasional (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  43. Petrus, Ananias (11 March 2022). "Air dan Tanah dari 7 Kabupaten di NTT Dibawa ke IKN Nusantara". merdeka.com. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  44. "Air dan Tanah dari Pengasingan Bung Karno di Bengkulu Dibawa ke IKN". nasional (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  45. Raharjo, Budi (12 March 2022). "Kalsel Doakan Kelancaran Pembangunan IKN di Kaltim". Republika Online (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  46. Kurniawan, Iradat (12 March 2022). "Baubau Persembahkan 2 Liter Tanah untuk Ibu Kota Baru RI, Diambil dengan Ritual Adat". telisik.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  47. Handi, Lutfiyu, ed. (12 March 2022). "Gubernur Khofifah Bawa Air dan Tanah Kedaton Majapahit ke IKN Nusantara". Lentera Today | LMedia Group (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  48. Maulia, Erwida (23 December 2019). "'Forest Archipelago' wins design contest for new Indonesia capital". Nikkei Asian Review. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  49. "'Nagara Rimba Nusa' announced as winner of new capital city design contest". The Jakarta Post. 23 December 2019. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  50. Nasution, Rahmad (3 January 2020). "Three countries offer to design Indonesia's new capital". Antara News. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  51. Board, Jack (24 September 2019). "Leaving Jakarta: Indonesia accelerates plans for 'green, smart' capital in the middle of Borneo wilderness". Channel News Asia. Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  52. Shobah, Rita Noor (24 May 2022). "Pembangunan IKN Nusantara Segera Dimulai, 100 Ribu Tenaga Kerja Mulai Pindah ke PPU pada Juli 2022". Tribun Kaltim (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  53. Daton, Zakarias Demon (31 May 2022). "Ada Wacana 100.000 Tenaga Kerja Luar Dikirim ke IKN, Ormas Kaltim Mengkritik". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  54. Hantoro, Juli (3 June 2022). "Jokowi Perintahkan Pembangunan IKN Libatkan Masyarakat Lokal". Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  55. Pebrianto, Fajar (3 June 2022). "Jokowi Kumpulkan Menteri, Pengerjaan IKN Dimulai Paruh Kedua 2022". Tempo (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  56. Iswinarno, Chandra; Nirmala Sari, Ria Rizki (3 June 2022). "Pembangunan Awal IKN Nusantara akan Pekerjakan 200 Ribu Pekerja, Libatkan Warga Sekitar? Ini Kata Kepala Otorita". suara.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  57. "Indonesia to develop new capital city after vaccine drive". 24 January 2021. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  58. Cakti, Aji (26 March 2022). Yunianto, Faisal (ed.). "PUPR gelar sayembara Istana Wapres sampai kompleks peribadatan di IKN". Antara News. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  59. "Sayembara Gagasan Desain Kawasan Ibu Kota Negara: Selamat Datang". sayembaraikn.pu.go.id. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  60. https://penajamkab.go.id/?p=4412#:~:text=Sebagai%20informasi%2C%20pemerintah%20telah%20memiliki,pembangunannya%20dibagi%20menjadi%20lima%20tahap.
  61. Lawi, Gloria Fransisca Katharina (14 May 2019). Agus, Rustam (ed.). "Ibu Kota Baru Perlu Konsep Urban Forest". Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  62. "Sukanto Tanoto Siap Kembalikan Lahan untuk Ibu Kota Baru". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 20 September 2019. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  63. "Naskah Akademik Rancangan Undang–undang Tentang Ibukota Negara" (PDF). Ministry of National Development Planning (in Indonesian). March 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  64. Paath, Carlos (10 March 2022). "Ini Pengertian dan Tugas Kepala Otorita Ibu Kota Nusantara". beritasatu.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  65. Ma'ruf, Hanifan (4 August 2023). "Otorita rumuskan bentuk pemerintahan khusus di wilayah IKN". Antaranews.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  66. "Standar Transportasi Massal di Kawasan Strategis". dephub.go.id. 28 June 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  67. Arief, Andi Muhammad (8 June 2022). Komalasari, Tia Dwitiani (ed.). "Bocoran Transportasi Umum di IKN Nusantara, Ada Water Bus hingga LRT – Infrastruktur". katadata.co.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  68. Hikam, Herdi Alif Al. "Rencana Besar Transportasi di IKN: Nggak Ada Mobil Pribadi, Ramah Pejalan Kaki". detikfinance (in Indonesian). Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  69. "PERPRES No. 64 Tahun 2022 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Kawasan Strategis Nasional Ibu Kota Nusantara Tahun 2022–2024 [JDIH BPK RI]". peraturan.bpk.go.id. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  70. https://kuatbaca.com/umum/ikn-bakal-dilengkapi-kereta-di-samping-tol-16797853394785-654268
  71. Maharani, Aisyah Sekar Ayu (30 July 2022). Alexander, Hilda (ed.). "Mengupas Rencana Layanan Perkeretaapian di IKN Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  72. Laksono, Muhdany Yusuf (21 January 2022). Alexander, Hilda B (ed.). "Menilik Rencana Pembangunan Jalan di IKN Nusantara, Ada Tol Lintasi Teluk Halaman all". Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  73. Anggraeni, Rina (5 January 2022). "Dukung Ibu Kota Baru, Menkeu Anggarkan Rp326.37 M Buat Kembangkan Bandara Pranoto". IDX Channel. Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  74. Daton, Zakarias Demon (31 January 2022). Utomo, Ardi Priyatno (ed.). "Fakta Seputar IKN, 4 Daerah Penyangga, Samarinda Jadi 'Jantung', Balikpapan sebagai "Otot"". Kompas. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  75. "Tentang IKN". Ibu Kota Negara (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  76. Maulana, Ferro, ed. (22 February 2022). "Menteri Perhubungan Tinjau Calon Bandara Ibu Kota Negara di Penajam". PMJNews (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  77. Rahayu, Nita (21 February 2022). Susilo, Budi (ed.). "Respon Plt Bupati Hamdam Soal Bandara Ibu Kota Negara dan Menhub Budi ke Titik Nol". Tribun News (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  78. "Kemenhub Siapkan Calon Bandara Baru untuk Ibu Kota Negara". Langgam (in Indonesian). March 2022. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  79. "30 Years of Indonesia - Kazakhstan Bilateral Relations: Astana and Nusantara Forge Sister City Cooperation in Historic First". kemlu.go.id. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Indonesia). 4 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.

Media related to Capital City of Nusantara at Wikimedia Commons

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.