January 1934

The following events occurred in January 1934:

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January 26, 1934: Germany and Poland sign 10-year non-aggression pact
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January 18, 1934: Cuba has three consecutive presidents in eight hours: Carlos Hevia, Manuel Marquez and Carlos Mendieta
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January 1, 1934 (Monday)

January 2, 1934 (Tuesday)
  • The Warka Vase was found at Uruk, as a collection of fragments, by German Assyriologists in their sixth excavation season.[6]
  • Cuban President Ramón Grau signed a decree setting April 22 as the date for the election of a constitutional assembly. Grau also said that he would not be continuing in the presidency beyond May 20.[7]

January 3, 1934 (Wednesday)

January 4, 1934 (Thursday)
  • The Henschel Hs 121 aircraft made its maiden flight.[10]
  • A new station building was opened at Leigh-on-Sea railway station, UK.[11]
  • A bomb was thrown at the Yugoslavian consulate in Klagenfurt, Austria, damaging the building and blowing out windows of nearby buildings but not causing any injuries. Officials suspected Austrian Nazis were to blame due to recent articles in a government newspaper alleging that the Nazis promised to give Carinthia to Yugoslavia in the event of a German annexation of Austria.[12]
  • Born: Rudolf Schuster, President of Slovakia 1999–2004, in Košice

January 5, 1934 (Friday)

January 6, 1934 (Saturday)
  • Reich Bishop of Germany Ludwig Müller issued a sweeping decree giving himself the power to dismiss pastors and church officials who opposed the government.[15]
  • The Norwegian cargo ship SS Torlak sprung a leak and was abandoned in the Norwegian Sea. Torlak}}). All crew were rescued by the Queen's Cross, which had been towing the ship to the United Kingdom for scrapping.[16] Torlak was towed into Bodø, Nordland by another Norwegian ship SS Hadsel.[17] where she was beached.
  • Died: Herbert Chapman, 55, English footballer and manager

January 7, 1934 (Sunday)

January 8, 1934 (Monday)

January 9, 1934 (Tuesday)

January 10, 1934 (Wednesday)

January 11, 1934 (Thursday)

January 12, 1934 (Friday)

January 13, 1934 (Saturday)

January 14, 1934 (Sunday)

January 15, 1934 (Monday)
  • An 8.0 magnitude earthquake killed at least 6,000 people when it struck Nepal, and Bihar in British India. The quake was rated on the Mercalli intensity scale as XI (Extreme). Some estimates placed the death toll at 10,700.
  • All 10 passengers and crew were killed in the crash of the Air France airplane Emeraude, when the Dewoitine D.332 struck a hillside in France near Corbigny. The plane was on the final scheduled part of a flight that at started on January 5 from Saigon in French Indochina, and was flying from Lyons to Paris-Le Bourget Airport, when it encountered a snowstorm. [32]
  • Ramón Grau was forced to resign as President of Cuba and was replaced by Carlos Hevia. Soldiers fired on a crowd of Grau supporters gathered around the presidential palace, killing three.[33] Hevia would serve for only three days before the military officials demanded his resignation.
  • The Danish artist group Linien opened their first exhibition in Copenhagen, presenting 177 works of abstract-surrealist art.[34]
  • Died: Hermann Bahr, 70, Austrian writer, playwright, director and critic

January 16, 1934 (Tuesday)

January 17, 1934 (Wednesday)

January 18, 1934 (Thursday)
  • At 1:20 in the morning Manuel Márquez Sterling was named the new President of Cuba by the military chiefs of staff, to take over from Carlos Hevia, who had quit after three days. Marquez served for six hours before being removed at 7:20 a.m. and was then replaced by Carlos Mendieta, who would serve until December 11, 1935.
  • Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss made a speech implicitly warning Germany not to meddle in Austrian affairs, saying that "it is perhaps not an entirely safe game when a country, whose importance in central Europe and, indeed, all Europe is generally understood and recognized, continues to be constitutionally threatened in its independence and freedom by a great power – which unfortunately is also a country inhabited by brother folk."[42]
  • Nine of the crew of the SS Oakford were killed when the British cargo ship ran aground off Vlieland in the Netherlands.
  • The Australian airlines Qantas and Imperial Airways joined forces and establish "Qantas Empire Airways".
  • Born: Raymond Briggs, British illustrator and author; in Wimbledon, London (d. 2022)

January 19, 1934 (Friday)

January 20, 1934 (Saturday)

January 21, 1934 (Sunday)

January 22, 1934 (Monday)

January 23, 1934 (Tuesday)

January 24, 1934 (Wednesday)

January 25, 1934 (Thursday)

January 26, 1934 (Friday)
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Germany's Minister Neurath and Poland's Ambassador Lipski

January 27, 1934 (Saturday)
Arias
  • Panamanian acting president Harmodio Arias Madrid survived an attempt on his life as he drove through a remote spot on the way to his country residence. The assassination attempt was kept a secret from the public for five days because relatives of the president were said to have been implicated.[61]
Chautemps

January 28, 1934 (Sunday)

January 29, 1934 (Monday)
  • The Chinese cargo liner SS Chungshing was crushed by ice and sank in the Bohai Sea (approximately 38°N 119°E). All passengers and crew were rescued.[64]
  • Austria was in a state of alarm over fears that Nazis would attempt a coup on the first anniversary of Hitler's chancellorship. Engelbert Dollfuss warned, "Trouble will brew on the Nazi front on or about January 30. I am asking you to risk life and limb in the defense of Austria."[65]
  • Died: Fritz Haber, 65, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

January 30, 1934 (Tuesday)
  • On the first anniversary of Hitler's appointment as chancellor, the Reichstag passed the "Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich" (Gesetz über den Neuaufbau des Reichs), transferring sovereignty rights of the states to the federal government and dissolving the state parliaments (landtage). Hitler appeared before the Reichstag and gave a lengthy speech listing his government's accomplishments.[66]
  • U.S. President Roosevelt signed the Gold Reserve Act into law in the United States, and all gold held in the Federal Reserve was surrendered to the United States Department of the Treasury; immediately following, Roosevelt raised the statutory gold price from US$20.67 per troy ounce to $35.
  • Soviet pilots Pavel Fedosenko, Andrey Vasenko, and Ilya Usyskin took the hydrogen-filled high-altitude balloon Osoaviakhim-1 on its maiden flight to a record-setting altitude of 22,000 meters (72,000 ft), where it remained for twelve minutes. The 7-hour 14-minute flight—during which the balloon traveled 470 kilometers (290 mi) from its launch site—ended in tragedy when the crew lost control of the balloon during its descent. The gondola disintegrated and crashed near the village of Potizh-Ostrog in the Insarsky District of the Mordovian Autonomous Oblast, killing the crew.[67]
  • Over 6,000 dances and parties were held across the United States on the occasion of President Roosevelt's 52nd birthday as a fundraiser for the Warm Springs Foundation and polio rehabilitation. Over $1 million was raised.[68][69]
  • Artist Salvador Dalí and his muse Gala were married in a simple civil ceremony in Paris.[70]
  • Born: Tammy Grimes, American actress and singer; in Lynn, Massachusetts (d. 2016)

January 31, 1934 (Wednesday)
  • Édouard Daladier became Prime Minister of France for the second time.
  • Police in Chicago apprehended bank robber and kidnapper Verne Sankey in a barber shop.[71]
  • Italy announced its support for negotiations that would allow rearmament for Germany, expressing confidence that Germany was not thinking of "war-like moves outside her borders" and that guarantees would be provided that the increased armaments would not be used to infringe upon the security of other nations.[72]
  • Sir Philip Whistler Street completed his term of office as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, to be replaced by Sir Frederick Richard Jordan.
  • Born:

References
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  4. An Encyclopedia of New Zealand 1966
  5. "Trojan's Famous Twin Cheer Leaders Drown" - San Antonio Light (San Antonio, Texas) January 3, 1934 pg. 8
  6. Ralf B. Wartke, "Eine Vermißtenliste (2): Die "Warka-Vase" aus Bagdad Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine", Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 26 April 2003, Nbr 97, page 39. English translation here. (The author is a deputy director of the Berliner Vorderasiatischen Museums).
  7. Reno, Gustavo (January 3, 1934). "Grau to Quit Presidency of Cuba May 20". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  8. Peters, Gerbhard; Woolley, John T. "Annual Message to Congress – January 3, 1934". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
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  11. "Railway Magazine" December 1956
  12. "Bomb Jugo-Slav Consulate in Austria; Nazis Blamed". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 5, 1934. p. 1.
  13. Noonan, William. "Fenway Park Fire". City of Boston.gov. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  14. "Another British steamer stranded". The Times. No. 46645. London. 6 January 1934. col G, p. 15.
  15. "Hitler Bishop Sets Himself Up as Dictator". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 7, 1934. p. 1.
  16. "Casualty reports". The Times. No. 46646. London. 8 January 1934. col C, p. 23.
  17. "Casualty reports". The Times. No. 46660. London. 24 January 1934. col F, p. 20.
  18. "Nazi Police Raid Sunday School Boys in Berlin". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 8, 1934. p. 5.
  19. Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, ISBN 0-517-56588-9, pp. 152–153.
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  24. "Fascisti Take Over Control of Austrian Police". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 12, 1934. p. 6.
  25. "Nazi Police Raid Pastors' Homes in Church Fight". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 12, 1934. p. 6.
  26. Steele, John (January 13, 1934). "Pride of British Fleet is Stuck in Mud 12 Hours". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 2.
  27. Bergfelder, Tim & Cargnelli, Christian. Destination London: German-speaking Emigres and British Cinema, 1925–1950. Berghahn Books, 2008. p.148
  29. Speck, Eugene (January 14, 1934). "Greek Premier Insists Insull Must Go Jan. 31". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 17.
  30. Schultz, Sigrid (January 15, 1934). "German Pastors Again Tell Nazi Bishop to Resign". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 6.
  31. Crawley, Robert (2007). Torquay Trams. West Country Historic Omnibus and Transport Trust. pp. 10–12.
  32. Aviation Safety Network: Accident Description
  33. Reno, Gustavo (January 16, 1934). "Fire on Rioters as Cuba Gets New President". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
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  42. "Austria Warns Hitler to Drop Hostile Stand". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 19, 1934. p. 5.
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  44. Burns, Edward (January 20, 1934). "Jackson Loses Fight to Re-Enter Baseball". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 19.
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  49. "'Black Fog' Obscures Galli-Curci Singing on Stage in London". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 22, 1934. p. 1.
  50. "Penafiel". ZeroZero (in Portuguese). Retrieved 22 February 2013.
  51. "Jap War Chief Resigns; Seen as U. S. Peace Gain". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 22, 1934. p. 5.
  52. Schultz, Sigrid (January 24, 1934). "Catholics Defy Hitler; Bishop Bans Nazi Books". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 16.
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  54. "Cuba Recognized by U.S.; Sees End of Revolt Era". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 24, 1934. p. 5.
  55. "Nazis Establish Courts to Try Newspapermen". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 24, 1934. p. 16.
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  58. Jowett (2017), p. 218.
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  60. John Dillinger timeline. Accessed 22 June 2015
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  62. Taylor, Edmond (January 28, 1934). "Paris Cabinet Falls as Mobs Battle Police". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  63. Reno, Gustavo (January 29, 1934). "Cuban Railmen Defy President; 5,000 on Strike". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 5.
  64. "Casualty reports". The Times. No. 46665. London. 30 January 1934. col C, p. 24.
  65. Darrah, David (January 30, 1934). "Austria Masses Peasants; Fears Attack by Nazis". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 8.
  66. Schultz, Sigrid (January 31, 1934). "Nazis Reward Hitler; Becomes Ruler of States". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 7.
  67. Account at www.astronautix.com Archived 2007-09-14 at the Wayback Machine
  68. "6,000 Parties Held in Honor of Roosevelt". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 31, 1934. p. 1.
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  72. "Duce Aids Hitler". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 1, 1934. p. 5.
  • Jowett, Philip S. (2017). The Bitter Peace. Conflict in China 1928–37. Stroud: Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1445651927.
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