Waimoa language

Waimoa or Waimaʼa is a language spoken by about 18,467 (2010 census)[1] people in northeast East Timor. Waimoa proper is reported to be mutually intelligible with neighboring Kairui and Midiki, with 5,000 speakers total.

Waimoa
RegionNortheast East Timor
Native speakers
18,467[1] (2010 censuses)[2]
Dialects
  • Waimoa
  • Kairui
  • Midiki
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
wmh – Waimoa
krd – Kairui-Midiki
Glottologwaim1252  Waima'a
kair1265  Kairui-Midiki
ELPWaima'a
 Kairui-Midiki[3]
Distribution of Waimaha mother-tongue speakers in East Timor
Distribution of Mideki

Distribution of Kairui

The classification of Waimoa is unclear. Structurally, it is Malayo-Polynesian. However, its vocabulary is largely Papuan, similar to that of Makasae. Although generally classified as Austronesian languages or dialects that have been largely relexified under the influence of a language related to Makasae, it is possible that Waimoa, Kairui, and Midiki are instead Papuan languages related to Makasae which have been influenced by Austronesian.

Phonology

Similarly to other Austronesian languages of the region,[4] Waimoa has aspirated/voiceless and glottalized/ejective consonants, which are distributed like /hC/ and /ʔC/ consonant clusters (or perhaps /Ch/ and /Cʔ/) but are often pronounced as single segments.[5]

Waimoa plosives
BilabialCoronalVelarGlottal
Voiceless unaspirated tkʔ
Voiceless aspirated pʰtʰkʰ
Voiceless ejective pʼ ~ pˀtʼ ~ tˀkʼ ~ kˀ
Voiced plain bdɡ

Similarly there are voiceless and glottalized /m n l r s w/.

There is also vowel harmony.

See also

References
  1. Direcção Nacional de Estatística: Population Distribution by Administrative Areas Volume 2 English (Census 2010; PDF-Datei; 21,53 MB)
  2. Waimoa at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Kairui-Midiki at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  3. Endangered Languages Project data for Kairui-Midiki.
  4. Naueti, Midiki, Meto, Helong, etc.
  5. Kirsten Culhane (2021) Waimaʼa consonants: phonology and typological position in Greater Timor. 15th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.