Moma language
Moma (also Kulawi) is an Austronesian language spoken in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Historically, it is derived from the Kaili dialect cluster, but is divergent due to strong influence from Uma.[1][2]
| Moma | |
|---|---|
| Kulawi | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Sulawesi |
Native speakers | 5,500 (2000)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | myl |
| Glottolog | moma1242 |
Phonology
The sound inventory of Moma below had been described by Adriani and Esser (1939).[2]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Plosive | plain | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | g | |||
| prenasalized | voiceless | ᵐp | ⁿt | ᶮc | ᵑk | ||
| voiced | ᵐb | ⁿd | |||||
| Fricative | β | h | |||||
| Trill | r | ||||||
| Approximant | l | j | |||||
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u |
| Close-Mid | e | o |
| Open | a | |
Like many other languages on Sulawesi, Moma has only open syllables.[3]
Grammar
Moma has the following pronoun sets:[2]
| Independent | Enclitic | Prefixed | Suffixed | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person singular | aku | -a | ku- | -ku |
| Second-person singular | iko | -ko | nu- | -mu |
| Third-person singular | hia | -i | na- | -na |
| First-person plural (inclusive) | kita | -ta | ta- | -ta |
| First-person plural (exclusive) | kami | -kami | ki- | -kami |
| Second-person plural | komi | -komi | ni- | -mi |
| Third-person plural | hira | -ra | ra- | -ra |
References
- Moma at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Adriani, N.; Esser, S. J. (1939). Koelawische Taalstudie [Kulawi Language Study]. Bibliotheca Celebica, I, II, III (in Dutch). Bandoeng: A. C. Nix. (3 vols).
- Sneddon, J. N. (1993). "The Drift Towards Final Open Syllables in Sulawesi Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 32 (1): 1–44. doi:10.2307/3623095. JSTOR 3623095.
Further reading
- Tohama, Agus; Pebolo, Fanda; Bokido, Hengki; Oruh, Janet M.; Coombs, Jonathan M.; Goronda, Noni; Tudju, Rusdin; Bokada, Semuel; Coombs, Veronica J.; Mua, Viktor; Jore, Yusak Pamei (2015). Kamus Saku Bahasa Moma-Kulawi / Bahasa Indonesia / Bahasa Inggris [Moma-Kulawi / Indonesian / English Pocket Dictionary]. Palu, Indonesia: SIL International Indonesia.
- Deni Karsana; Tamrin; Wahida (2012). Kamus Bahasa Indonesia–Kulawi [Indonesian–Kulawi Dictionary] (in Indonesian). Makassar: De Lamacca. ISBN 978-602-263-001-2 – via repositori.kemdikbud.go.id.
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