List of wars: 1900–1944

This is a list of wars that began between 1900 and 1944.

Graph of global conflict deaths from 1900 to 1944 from various sources.

This period saw the outbreak of World War I (1914–1918) and World War II (1939–1945), which are among the deadliest conflicts in human history, with many of the world's great powers partaking in total war and some partaking in genocides. Depending on the source consulted, conflict deaths reached an all-time peak in either 1941 or 1942 at 2.96–7.71 million, during the height of the latter conflict.[1]

Besides the aforementioned world wars, a number of smaller conflicts also took place. In Africa, conflicts of this era were mostly fought between European colonial forces on one side and native kingdoms and insurgents on the other, though there are exceptions (e.g. the Italo-Turkish War, as well as intercolonial invasions of German, Italian and Vichy French possessions in the World Wars). Likewise, Southeast Asia saw a large variety of native rebellions against the American, European and Japanese colonial empires, while also seeing the intercolonial Pacific War.

Other parts of Afro-Eurasia, as well as the Americas, saw a wide variety of conventional wars, civil wars, ethnic or political conflicts, revolutions, and small rebellions. Prior to 1940, Australia saw only sporadic conflict as the frontier wars entered its final stages. However, in World War II, Australia became the site of Axis naval activity and air raids.

1900–1909

1900–1909
Start Finish Name of Conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
1900 1905 1900–1905 phase of the Mat Salleh Rebellion  British Empire Rebels
1900 1920 Somaliland Campaign  British Empire
 Ethiopian Empire
 Italian Empire
Dervish State
1900 1900 War of the Golden Stool  British Empire  Ashanti Empire
1900 1905 Zande resistance[2]  British Empire Sultan Yam-bio's rebel forces
1900 1902 Muhammad Umar Khan's rebellion[3]  British Empire Forces loyal to Muhammad Umar Khan
1900 1900 Bastaard uprising of 1900[4]  German Empire Bastaards from Grootfontein tribe
1900 1900 1900 Hamawand revolt[5]  Ottoman Empire Hamawand rebels

Supported by:

Sheikhs of Sulaymaniyah and Qaradāgh

1900 1900 1900 Sudan revolt[6]  British Empire Sudanese rebels
1900 1900 French conquest of Borno[6]  France Borno
1900 1907 Unrest in Java[7]  Dutch Empire Peasant rebels

Lone-wolf robbers and arsonists

1900 1903 1900–1903 uprising in southwest Madagascar[8]  France Rebels
1900 1900 Shoubak revolt of 1900  Ottoman Empire Shoubakis
1900 1900 Sharjah conquest of Ras Al Khaimah Emirate of Sharjah Ras Al Khaimah
1900 1900 Russian invasion of Manchuria  Russian Empire  Qing dynasty

Yìhéquán

1900 1900 Huizhou Uprising  Qing dynasty Revolutionary army
1900 1901 Mahsud Waziri blockade  British Empire Mahsud rebels
1900 1901 Kuwaiti–Rashidi war Jabal Shammar Kuwait

Arab tribes

1901 1901 Risings among the Agar Dinka[2]  British Empire Agar Dinka rebels
1901 1901 Bastaard uprising of 1901[9]  German Empire Bastaards from Grootfontein tribe
1901 1907 Subjugation of Jambi[7]  Dutch Empire Jambi
1901 1901 French conquest of the Dendi Kingdom[10]  France Dendi Kingdom
1901 1903 Revolución Libertadora Venezuela Venezuela Liberal revolutionaries
1901 1902 Anglo-Aro War  British Empire Aro Confederacy
1901 1901 Battle of Holy Apostles Monastery Armenian fedayi  Ottoman Empire
1901 1903 1901 Mapondera Rebellion  British Empire Forces loyal to Kadungure Mapondera
1901 1936 Holy Man's Rebellion  French Indochina
Thailand Siam
Phu Mi Bun Movement
1902 1902 Kala-i-Mor railway worker's revolt[11]  Russian Empire Rebel railway workers
1902 1902 1902 Sudan revolt[6]  British Empire Sudanese rebels
1902 1902 Merauke uprising[7]  Dutch Empire Marind rebels
1902 1904 Kuanhama Rebellion of 1902-1904[12] Portuguese Empire Kuanhama
1902 1904 Bailundo Revolt of 1902 Portuguese Empire Ovimbundu Kingdoms
Kisanji
Luimbi
1902 1902 Ngiao Rebellion Thailand Siam Shan rebels
1902 1903 Venezuelan crisis of 1902–03  German Empire
 United Kingdom
 Kingdom of Italy
Venezuela
1902 1902 Kabul Khel expedition[13]  British Empire Kabul Khel rebels
1902 1903 Expeditions against the Bantin[7] (Location: Kalimantan)  Dutch Empire Bantin
1902 1906 Korintji expeditions[7] (Location: Sumatra)  Dutch Empire Korintji
1902 1907 Campaigns against Dayak[7] (Location: Kalimantan)  Dutch Empire Dayak
1902 1902 Italian–Ottoman crisis of 1902[14]  Kingdom of Italy  Ottoman Empire
1903 1903 Great Ming Uprising  Qing dynasty Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Mingshun
1903 1903 1903 Tegale uprising[2]  British Empire Muhammad al-Amin's rebel forces
1903 1903 1903 uprising in Bukhara[15]  Russian Empire Anti-tax rebels
1903 1910 Risings among the Atwot Dinka[2]  British Empire Atwot Dinka rebels
1903 1905 Rijal al-Ma rebellion[16]  Ottoman Empire Rijal al-Ma
1903 1903 Kavango uprising[9]  German Empire Kavango rebels
1903 1903 Actions on Yapen[7]  Dutch Empire Tribes of Yapen
1903 1909 Resistance in Minangkabau[7]  Dutch Empire Anti-coffee rebels
1903 1910 Mentawei islands campaign[7]  Dutch Empire Anti-Dutch forces
1903 1916

(Solor)

1940

(Flores)

Military actions in Flores and Solor[7]  Dutch Empire Anti-Dutch forces
1903 1903 Kerinci Expedition  Dutch Empire Anti-Dutch forces
1903 1903 Battle of Jo-Laban[17][18] Kuwait

Emirate of Nejd and Hasa

Arab tribes

Jabal Shammar
1905 1905 Theriso revolt  Ottoman Empire

Supported By:
 Russian Empire

Kingdom of Greece Cretan rebels
1903 1903 May Coup (Serbia)  Kingdom of Serbia House of Obrenović
1903 1903 Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising  Ottoman Empire IMARO
SMAC
Kruševo Republic
Strandzha Republic
1903 1904 British expedition to Tibet  British Empire  Qing Dynasty
1903 1904 British conquest of the Sokoto Caliphate[19]  British Empire Sokoto Caliphate
1903 1903 British conquest of the Kano Emirate  British Empire Kano Emirate
1903 1907 Saudi–Rashidi War

Part of the Unification of Saudi Arabia

Emirate of Nejd and Hasa Emirate of Ha'il
 Ottoman Empire
1903 1903 Uprising of Namas in Maltahöhe[9]  German Empire Nama rebels
1903 1904 Bondelswarts uprising of 1904[9]  German Empire Bondelswarts
1904 1904 Adam Wad Muhammad's uprising[2]  British Empire Adam Wad Muhammad's rebel forces
1904 1904 Mahsud expedition of 1904[20]  British Empire Mahsud rebels
1904 1904 1904 Ondonga uprising[9]  German Empire Ondonga rebels
1904 1909 1904 Nama uprising[9]  German Empire Nama rebels
1904 1904 1904 Sudan revolt[6]  British Empire Sudanese rebels
1904 1904 Campaign in the Gajo and Alas islands[7]Part of the Aceh War  Dutch Empire Anti-Dutch forces
1904 1904 Dutch intervention in Bali (1904)[7]  Dutch Empire Anti-Dutch forces
1904 1904 Resistance on Tidore[7]  Dutch Empire Tidore
1904 1909 Sulawesi expeditions[7]  Dutch Empire Anti-Dutch forces
1904 1905 1904–1905 uprising in Madagascar  France Rebels
1904 1907 Portuguese campaign against the Ovambo

(See Battle of Mufilo)

Portuguese Empire Ovambo
1904 1904 Vaccine Revolt  First Brazilian Republic Anti-vaccination rebels
1904 1904 Revolution of 1904 Uruguay Uruguayan government National Party
1904 1904 1904 Sasun uprising  Ottoman Empire Armenian fedayees
1904 1908 Herero Wars  German Empire Herero and Namaqua peoples
1904 1905 Russo-Japanese War  Empire of Japan  Russian Empire
1904 1905 Yemeni Rebellion of 1904

Part of the Yemeni–Ottoman Conflicts

Zaidis  Ottoman Empire
1904 1908 Macedonian Struggle Hellenic Macedonian Committee Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
1905 1905 Ping-liu-li Uprising  Qing dynasty Rebels
1905 1906 Military actions in Onin[7]  Dutch Empire Anti-Dutch forces
1905 1905 Ottoman incursion into Persia[21]  Ottoman Empire Sublime State of Persia
1905 1911 Military actions Sumba and Sumbawa[7]  Dutch Empire Anti-Dutch forces
1905 1911 Persian Constitutional Revolution

The Revolution:
June 1905–August 1906

Semi-organized groups:


Struggle and Civil War:
August 1906–July 1909


1905 1905 Argentine Revolution of 1905  Argentina Radical Civic Union
1905 1905 Shoubak Revolt of 1905  Ottoman Empire Shoubakis
1905 1905 Łódź insurrection (1905)  Russian Empire Polish worker militias
1905 1905 Kurdish rebellion of 1905[31]  Ottoman Empire Kurdish rebels
1905 1906 1905 Tibetan Rebellion Qing dynasty Qing Dynasty Tibetan Buddhists
1905 1907 1905 Russian Revolution  Russian Empire Revolutionaries
1905 1907 Maji Maji Rebellion  German Empire Indigenous rebels
1905 1906 Yemeni Expedition of 1905

Part of the Yemeni–Ottoman Conflicts

Zaidis  Ottoman Empire
1905 1905 South Sulawesi expedition  The Netherlands South Sulawesi kingdoms of Bone, Luwu and Wajo
1906 1906 Taba Crisis of 1906  British Empire  Ottoman Empire
1906 1907 Resistance in Lombok[7]  Dutch Empire Messianic rebels
1906 1908 Actions against fighters from Jambi in Indragiri[7] (Location: Sumatra)  Dutch Empire Jambi
1906 1906 Ottoman invasion of Persia (1906)  Ottoman Empire Sublime State of Persia
1906 1906 Sokoto Uprising of 1906[32]  British Empire Rebels
1906 1906 1906 Mesopotamia uprising  Ottoman Empire Mesopotamian tribesmen
1906 1906 Dutch intervention in Bali (1906)  The Netherlands Badung
Tabanan
Klungkung
1906 1906 Bambatha Rebellion  British Empire Zulu
1907 1907 Campaign against the Mahafaly[33]  France Onilahy (Mahafaly) kingdom
1907 1918 Asir rebellion[34] Idrisid Emirate of Asir

Supported by:

 Kingdom of Italy (1911-1912)

 British Empire (1915-1918)

 Ottoman Empire
1907 1907 Dersim uprising of 1907[35]

Part of the Dersim uprisings

 Ottoman Empire Kurdish rebels
1907 1907 War of 1907  El Salvador  Nicaragua
El Salvador Salvadoran exiles
United States American filibusters
Honduras
1907 1907 Huanggang Uprising Qing dynasty Qing Dynasty Rebels
1907 1907 Huizhou Qinühu Uprising Qing dynasty Qing Dynasty Rebels
1907 1907 Anqing Uprising Qing dynasty Qing Dynasty Rebels
1907 1907 Qinzhou Uprising Qing dynasty Qing Dynasty Rebels
1907 1907 Zhennanguan Uprising Qing dynasty Qing Dynasty Rebels
1907 1907 Bitlis uprising (1907)  Ottoman Empire Kurdish rebels
1907 1910 Dembos War of 1907-1910[32]
More info: Revoltas e Campanhas nos Dembos (1872-1919)

(In Portuguese)

Portuguese Empire[12] Dembos[12]
1907 1907 Anti-Foreign Revolt[12]  France Forces loyal to Sheika Ma Al-Ainine (Ma al-'Aynayn ?)
1907 1907 Mutair revolt[36] Emirate of Nejd and Hasa Mutair tribe
1907 1907 1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt  Kingdom of Romania Romanian peasants
1907 1907 Honduran-Nicaraguan War  Nicaragua Honduras
1907 1907 Beipu uprising  Empire of Japan Hakka

Saisiyat

1907 1907 1907 Diyarbakır uprising[37]  Ottoman Empire Rebels of Diyarbakır
1907 1908 Zakka Khel raids on towns and villages in the British Raj United Kingdom British Raj Zakka Khel clan of the Afridi
1908 1908 Qin-lian Uprising Qing dynasty Qing Dynasty Rebels
1908 1908 Hekou Uprising Qing dynasty Qing Dynasty Rebels
1908 1908 Mapaoying Uprising Qing dynasty Qing Dynasty Rebels
1908 1909 Bondelswarts rebellion of 1908[9]  German Empire Bondelswarts
1908 1908 Wad Hubaba Revolt  British Empire Neo-Madhist rebels
1908 1909 Lobi and Dyula revolt in Mali[6]  France Lobi and Dyula rebels
1908 1909 1908-1909 Battle of Al Jawf[38] Ruwallah tribe Emirate of Ha'il
1908 1914 Mossi rebellions in Kouddigou and Fada N'gourma[6]  France Mossi rebels
1908 1908 Annam uprising[39]  France Peasant rebels
1908 1908 Mohmand Expedition of 1908[40]

Part of the instability on the North-West Frontier

United Kingdom British Raj Mohmand rebels
1908 1908 Bazar Valley campaign United Kingdom British Raj Zakka Khel clan of the Afridi
1908 1908 Kurdish uprising of 1908[35]

Part of the Dersim uprisings

 Ottoman Empire Kurdish rebels
1908 1908 Buraida rebellion[41] Emirate of Nejd and Hasa Forces loyal to Muhammad Aba al-Kehil
1908 1908 Battle of Marrakech Forces of Mulay Hafid Forces of the Sultan of Morocco
1908 1909 Mau uprising  German Empire Indigenous rebels
1908 1908 Young Turk Revolution Young Turks  Ottoman Empire
1908 1910/1914 Hamawand rebellion

Ottoman Empire Young Turks (Until 24 July 1908)


Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire (From 24 July 1908)

Kurdish rebels

Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire (Abdul Hamid II loyalists)
(Until 24 July 1908)

1908 1908 Dutch intervention in Bali (1908)  Dutch Empire Karangasem
Klungkung
Gelgel
1908 1910 Actions in the Toba and Batak islands[7]  Dutch Empire Anti-Dutch forces
1908 1915 Actions in West-Kalimantan[7]  Dutch Empire Anti-Dutch forces
1908 1908 Dutch–Venezuelan crisis of 1908  Dutch Empire Venezuela
1908 1908 Ngali War  Dutch Empire Ngali Peopple
1909 1909 Nyasaland resistance[6]  British Empire Rebels
1909 1909 Battle of Nias[7]  Dutch Empire Anti-Dutch forces
1909 1911 Actions on the Halmahera, Seram, Papua and Mentawei islands[7]  Dutch Empire Anti-Dutch forces
1909 1909 Kurdish uprising of 1909[35]

Part of the Dersim uprisings

 Ottoman Empire Kurdish rebels
1909 1909 Estrada's rebellion Nicaraguan Conservative Party Nicaraguan Liberal Party (Government)
1909 1909 Kolašin Affair (1909)  Kingdom of Montenegro Black Hand
1909 1910 Zaraniq rebellion  Ottoman Empire Zaraniq tribesmen
1909 1909 Crazy Snake Rebellion  United States Creek
1909 1910 Second Melillan campaign  Spain Riffian people
1909 1910 Hauran Druze Rebellion  Ottoman Empire Druze rebels
1909 1911 Ouaddai War  France Ouaddai Empire

1910–1919

1910–1919
Start Finish Name of Conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
1910 1910 Al-Bejat Revolution[42]  Ottoman Empire Al-Bejat clan
1910 1910 Gengxu New Army Uprising  Qing Dynasty Rebels
1910 1910 1910 uprising in Bukhara[43]  Russian Empire Rebels
1910 1910 Portuguese conquest of the Angoche Sultanate[44]  Portugal Angoche Sultanate
1910 1910 Uprising of Cape Nguni[9]  German Empire Nguni rebels
1910 1912 Xiong Mi Chang's rebellion[45]  France Rebels loyal to Xiong Mi Chang
1910 1910 Actions on Ajer HItam and near Timor[7]  Dutch Empire Anti-Dutch forces
1910 1911 Actions in Langkat[7] (Location: Sumatra)  Dutch Empire Anti-Dutch forces
1910 1912 Portuguese conquest of the Kasanje Kingdom[46]  Portugal Kasanje Kingdom
1910 1910 Monégasque Revolution Rebels  Monaco
1910 1910 Battle of Hadia Kuwait

Emirate of Nejd and Hasa

Al-Muntafiq
1910 1910 Karak Revolt  Ottoman Empire Karakis
1910 1910 Bastar rebellion  British Empire Tribal rebels
1910 1910 Albanian Revolt of 1910  Ottoman Empire Albanian rebels
1910 1910 5 October 1910 revolution Portugal Portuguese Republican Party  Kingdom of Portugal
1910 1910 Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)  Qing Dynasty Tibet
1910 1911 Sokehs Rebellion  German Empire Sokehs rebels
1910 1920 Mexican Revolution Maderistas
Orozquistas
Villistas
Zapatistas
Carrancistas
Magonistas
Seditionistas
 Mexico
1910 1919 Border War (1910–19)
Part of the Mexican Revolution
Constitutionalistas
 United States
MexicoMaderistas
MexicoVillistas
Mexico Seditionistas
Mexico Carrancistas
1910 1910 Revolts at Moush[31]  Ottoman Empire Kurdish rebels
1911 1911 Revolts at Khuyt[31]  Ottoman Empire Kurdish rebels
1911 1911 1911 Kenya revolt[6]  British Empire Forces loyal to Siume (a priestess) and Kiamba (a young man)
1911 1911 Belitung miner's revolt[7]  Dutch Empire Miner rebels
1911 1911 Kurdish uprising of 1911[35]

Part of the Dersim uprisings

 Ottoman Empire Kurdish rebels
1911 1913 Revolt of Salar-al-Daulah Sublime State of Persia Forces of Salar-al-Daulah
1911 1911 Revolt of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar[47] Sublime State of Persia Forces of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar
1911 1911 Magonista rebellion of 1911
Part of the Mexican Revolution
 Mexico Mexican Liberal Party
1911 1912 1911 Paraguayan Civil War Liberal Party Paraguay Paraguayan government
1911 1911 Russian Invasion of Tabriz
Part of the Persian Constitutional Revolution
 Russian Empire Persian Constitutionalists
1911 1911 Albanian Revolt of 1911  Ottoman Empire Albanian Malësorë (highlanders) and Catholic tribes from Scutari Vilayet
1911 1911 Second Guangzhou Uprising  Qing Dynasty Anti-Qing rebels
1911 1912 Dominican Civil War (1911–12)  Dominican Republic Dominican Army conspirators
1911 1912 French conquest of Morocco  France Morocco
1911 1912 Italo-Turkish War  Kingdom of Italy  Ottoman Empire
1911 1912 East Timorese Rebellion Portuguese Empire East Timorese rebels
1911 1912 Xinhai Revolution
1911 Revolution
Tongmenghui  Qing Dynasty
1911 1912 War of the Generals Liberal rebels  Ecuador (Eloy Alfaro loyalists)
1912 1912 1912 Kordofan uprising[2]  British Empire Faki Najm al-Din's forces
1912 1912 Turkoman Revolt of 1912–1913  Russian Empire Yomud Turkomans
1912 1914 Ecuadorian Civil War of 1912–1914  Ecuador Rebels of Esmeraldas Province
c.1912 c.1912 Sirte revolt[48]  Kingdom of Italy Rebels loyal to Ramadan Asswehly
1912 1912 Khost rebellion (1912)  Emirate of Afghanistan Rebel tribes
1912 1913 First Balkan War  Kingdom of Bulgaria
 Kingdom of Greece
 Kingdom of Serbia
 Kingdom of Montenegro
 Ottoman Empire
1912 1912 Albanian Revolt of 1912 Albanian rebels  Ottoman Empire
1912 1916 Contestado War Brazil Brazilian Governists Contestado
1912 1933 United States occupation of Nicaragua
Part of the Banana Wars
 United States Nicaraguan rebels
1912 1912 Royalist attack on Chaves Portugal Portuguese First Republic PortugalPortuguese Royalists
1912 1912 Negro Rebellion
Part of the Banana Wars
 Cuba
 United States
Independent Party of Color
1913 1913 1913 uprising in Bukhara[43]  Russian Empire Rebels
1913 1913 Oyango Dande rebellion[6]  British Empire Oyango Dande
1913 1913 Kurdish revolt of 1913[49]  Ottoman Empire Kurdish rebels
1913 1913 1913 Euphrates rebellion  Ottoman Empire Al-Fatlah tribe
1913 1920 Muscat rebellion[50]  British Empire Imamate of Oman
1913 1915 Sino–Mongolian War of 1913–1915 Beiyang governmentRepublic of China Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
1913 1913 Urtatagai conflict (1913)  Russian Empire  Emirate of Afghanistan
1913 1913 Atmene uprising  Russian Empire Peasants
1913 1913 Conquest of al-Hasa

Part of the Unification of Saudi Arabia

Emirate of Nejd and Hasa  Ottoman Empire
1913 1913 Second Balkan War  Ottoman Empire
 Kingdom of Greece
 Kingdom of Serbia
 Kingdom of Montenegro
 Kingdom of Romania
 Kingdom of Bulgaria
1913 1913 Tikveš Uprising
Part of the Second Balkan War
 Kingdom of Serbia Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
1913 1913 Ohrid–Debar Uprising  Kingdom of Serbia Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
1913 1913 Second Revolution Beiyang government Beiyang Government Sun Yat-sen
Beiyang government southern China provinces
1913 1914 Bai Lang Rebellion Beiyang governmentRepublic of China
Jahriyya menhuan
Xidaotang
Beiyang government Gelaohui
1914 1914 1914 Kenya revolt[6]  British Empire Giriama rebels
1914 1914 North Java peasant revolt[7]  Dutch Empire Peasant rebels
1914 1914 Kolongongo War[51]
More info: The Mbunda Kingdom in Angola
(Section "Kolongongo war")
 Portugal Mbunda Kingdom
1914 1914 First Yemeni–Asiri war[52]  Ottoman Empire
  • Autonomous Yemeni Imamate
Idrisid Emirate of Asir
1914 1914 Dersim uprising of 1914[35]
Part of the Dersim uprisings
 Ottoman Empire Kurdish rebels
1914 1914 Bitlis uprising  Ottoman Empire Kurdish rebels

Supported by:

 Russian Empire[53]

1914 1914 Uprising in Barzan[53]  Ottoman Empire Kurdish rebels loyal to Abdülselam Barzani[53]

Supported by:
 Russian Empire[53]

1914 1917 Kongo revolt of 1914[54][55]  Portugal Kingdom of Kongo (1914)[54]

Various rebel groups (1914–1917)[56]

1914 1914 Operations in the Tochi

Part of the instability on the North-West Frontier

 British Empire Rebel tribesmen from Khost
1914 1914 Revolt of Juazeiro  First Brazilian Republic Rebels
1914 1921 Zaian War  France Zaian Confederation
1914 1914 Dominican Civil War of 1914 Rebels  Dominican Republic
1914 1914 Haitian Civil War[57]
1914 1914 Blayong's uprising[58]  British Empire Murut rebels
1914 1914 Peasant Revolt in Albania Albania Albania

Romania Romanian volunteers

Austria-Hungary Austro-Hungarian volunteers

Kosovar Albanian units

Ottoman Empire Albanian Muslim pro-Ottoman rebels
1914 1914 Truku War  Empire of Japan Truku Tribe
1914 1918 World War I Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
1914 1914 United States occupation of Veracruz
Part of the Banana Wars
 United States  Mexico
1914 1915 Bluff War  United States Ute
Paiute
1914 1917 Ovambo Uprising  Portugal

 United Kingdom

Ovambo
1914 1915 Maritz Rebellion Union of South Africa South African Republic "Bitterenders"
1915 1915 1915 Rehoboth Basters rebellion[9]  German Empire Rehoboth Basters
1915 1917 Sadiavahe rebellion[59]  France Sadiavahe movement
1915 1915 Kru Coast Rebellion[60]  Liberia Kru rebels
1915 1915 Botan revolt[49]  Ottoman Empire Kurdish rebels
1915 1915 Tapani incident  Empire of Japan Han Taiwanese

Taiwanese aborigines

1915 1915 Turkoman Revolt of 1915[61]  Russian Empire Yomud Turkomans
1915 1915 Battle of Kanzaan (1915) Nejd and Hasa Ajman tribe
1915 1915 Battle of Jarrab

Part of the Unification of Saudi Arabia and World War I

Emirate of Ha'il Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
1915 1915 Chilembwe uprising  British Empire Nyasaland rebels
1915 1915 Bussa rebellion  British Empire Bussa warriors
1915 1915 1915 Singapore Mutiny  British Empire 5th Native Light Infantry sepoys
1915 1915 Kelantan rebellion  British Empire Tok Janggut's rebel forces
1915 1915 Rundum revolt  British Empire Antanum's rebel forces
1915 1916 Volta-Bani War  France Tribal insurgents
1915 1916 National Protection War
Anti-Monarchy War
 Republic of China Empire of China
1915 1917 Senussi Campaign
Part of World War I
 British Empire
 Kingdom of Italy
Senussi
 Ottoman Empire
Darfur Emirate
1915 1934 United States occupation of Haiti
Part of the Banana Wars
 United States  Haiti
1916 1916 Jambi rebellion[62]  Dutch Empire Rebels
1915 1915 Operations against the Mohmands, Bunerwals and Swatis in 1915

Part of the instability on the North-West Frontier

 British Empire Rebel tribes
1915 1916 Kalat Operations (1915-16)  British Empire Kalat tribesmen
1916 1934 Yarahmadzai uprising  British Empire
Sublime State of Persia
Yarahmadzai tribe
1916 1916 Dersim uprising of 1916

Part of the Dersim uprisings

 Ottoman Empire Kurdish rebels
1916 1916 1916 Kumyk uprising  Russian Empire Kumyk rebels
1916 1917 Mohmand blockade

Part of the instability on the North-West Frontier

 British Empire Mohmands
1916 1918 Cuban Civil War

(See Sugar Intervention)

Cuba Mario García Menocal loyalists
 United States
Cuba Pro-José Miguel Gómez rebels
1916 1917 Kaocen Revolt  France Tuareg guerrillas
1916 1916 1916 Cochinchina uprising  France Cochinchina rebels
1916 1916 Battle of Segale Regents of Ethiopia Lij Iyasu loyalists
1916 1916 Noemvriana Kingdom of Greece Kingdom of Greece  United Kingdom
 France
1916 1916 Central Asian revolt of 1916  Russian Empire Rebels
1916 1916 Easter Rising United Kingdom British Army
Dublin Metropolitan Police
Royal Irish Constabulary
Republic of Ireland Irish Republican Brotherhood
Irish Volunteers
Irish Citizen Army
Cumann na mBan
Hibernian Rifles
Fianna Éireann
1916 1924 United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–24)
Part of the Banana Wars
 United States Dominican rebels
1916 1918 Arab Revolt
Part of World War I
Arab Revolt Hashemite Arabs
United Kingdom United Kingdom

Saudi Arabia Sultanate of Nejd (Unification of Saudi Arabia)
 Ottoman Empire
1916 1934 Basmachi movement
Part of World War I and Russian Civil War
 Russian Empire
(1916–17)
Russia Russian Republic
(1917)

 Russian SFSR

Khorezm SSR
Bukharan PSR


 Soviet Union
(From December 30, 1922)

Basmachi

Khiva
(1918–20)
Russia White Army
(1919–20)[63]
Bukhara
(1920)
Supported by:
 Emirate of Afghanistan (Until mid-1922)[64]


Afghanistan
(1929)[65]

1917 1917 Uukwanyama rebellion[9]  British Empire Uukwanyama rebels
1917 1917 1917 Uganda rebellion[6]  British Empire Forces loyal to Rembe
1917 1917 Kurdish uprisings of 1917  Ottoman Empire Kurdish rebels

Supported by:
 Russian Empire

1917 1917 February Revolution Russia Russian revolutionaries  Russian Empire
1917 1917 July Days Russia Russian Provisional Government Bolshevik Party
1917 1917 Operations against the Mahsuds (1917)  British Empire Mahsud rebels
1917 1917 Manchu Restoration  Republic of China Monarchist rebels
1917 1917 Thái Nguyên uprising France French colonial empire Vietnamese rebels
1917 1917 Polubotkivtsi Uprising Russia Russian Provisional Government Ukrainian separatists
1917 1917 Toplica insurrection  Kingdom of Bulgaria Chetniks
1917 1918 1917 Kanak revolt France French colonial empire Kanak rebels
1917 1917 Kornilov Affair Russia Russian Provisional Government Soldiers under Lavr Kornilov
1917 1917 Green Corn Rebellion  United States Anti-draft rebels
1917 1917 October Revolution
Part of Russian Civil War
Bolsheviks Russia Russian Provisional Government
1917 1917 Kerensky–Krasnov uprising
Part of Russian Civil War
 Russian SFSR Russia Rebels under Alexander Kerensky
1917 1922 Russian Civil War Victorious in Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia:

 Russian SFSR
Other Soviet republics
Mongolian People's Party


Victorious in their respective countries:
Kingdom of Finland
Estonia Republic of Estonia
Latvia Republic of Latvia
Lithuania Republic of Lithuania
Poland Second Polish Republic

Russian Empire White Movement

Central Powers (until 1918):
 Austro-Hungarian Empire
 German Empire
 Ottoman Empire
Allied Forces (from 1918):
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
Beiyang government Republic of China
France France
 Kingdom of Greece
 Kingdom of Italy
 Empire of Japan
Poland Poland
 Kingdom of Romania
 Kingdom of Serbia
 United Kingdom

 United States
Other combatants:
Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine
Ukrainian People's Republic
Democratic Republic of Georgia
Democratic Republic of Armenia
Various pro-independence movements

1917 1922 Constitutional Protection Movement Beiyang government Beiyang Government Beiyang government Guangzhou Military Government
1917 1921 Ukrainian War of Independence
Part of World War I and Russian Civil War
Ukrainian SSR
 Russian SFSR
Ukrainian People's Republic

West Ukrainian People's Republic
White Movement

1917 1949 Ngolok rebellions (1917–49) Taiwan Republic of China Ngolok tribesmen
1918 1918 Operations against the Marri and Khetran tribes (1918)[66]
Part of the instability on the North-West Frontier
 British Empire Marri and Khetran tribesmen
1918 1918 Adubi War  British Empire Egba rebels
1918 1922 Simko Shikak revolt (1918–22) Iran Rebels
  • Irregular Kurdish militias
  • Ottoman soldiers and mercenaries
1918 1918 Judenburg mutiny
Part of World War I
 Austria-Hungary 17th Infantry Regiment
1918 1918 Cattaro Mutiny
Part of World War I
 Austria-Hungary Elements of the Austro-Hungarian Navy
1918 1918 Aster Revolution
Part of World War I
Hungarian National Council  Austria-Hungary
1918 1918 Radomir Rebellion
Part of World War I
 Kingdom of Bulgaria Bulgarian Agrarian National Union
1918 1918 Left SR uprising
Part of the Russian Civil War
 Russian SFSR Left Socialist Revolutionary Party
1918 1918 Finnish Civil War Finnish White Guards
 German Empire
Finnish Red Guards
 Russian SFSR
1918 1918 Georgian–Armenian War First Republic of Armenia Democratic Republic of Georgia
1918 1958 Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts Second Polish Republic First Czechoslovak Republic (until 1938)
Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938-1939)
First Slovak Republic (1939-1945)
Third Czechoslovak Republic (1945-1948)
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1948-1958)
1918 1918 Internal conflict in the Banat Republic Banat Republic
  • Serb National Council at Timișoara
  • Serb National Council at Pančevo
  • Timișoara Citizens' Guard
  • "Octobrists"
  • Green Cadres
  • Socialist rebels
  • Romanian rebels
1918 1918 Serbian incursion into the Banat Republic  Kingdom of Serbia Banat Republic
1918 1918 Viena expedition Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR
Finnish Red Guards
 United Kingdom
Finnish White Guards
Finnish Jäger troops
1918 1918 First Pechenga expedition Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR
Finnish Red Guards
Murmansk Legion
Finnish volunteers
1918 1919 Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia  State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
 Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Austria Republic of German-Austria
1918 1919 German Revolution of 1918–19  Weimar Republic Royalist Forces:

German Empire (1918)


Communist Forces:
Bavarian Soviet Republic
Spartacus League
German Communist movements

1918 1919 Greater Poland Uprising (1918–19) Poland Poland  German Empire
1918 1919 Hungarian–Czechoslovak War  First Hungarian Republic
Hungarian Soviet Republic
Czechoslovakia First Czechoslovak Republic
1918 1919 Polish–Ukrainian War
Part of the Ukrainian War of Independence
Poland Poland Ukraine West Ukrainian People's Republic
1918 1920 Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–20)
Part of the Russian Civil War
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic

Democratic Republic of Georgia

Pro-Bolshevik Ossetian rebels
1918 1919 Sochi conflict
Part of the Russian Civil War
Russia White movement
  Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic
Democratic Republic of Georgia
1918 1920 Armenian–Azerbaijani War
Part of the Russian Civil War
 First Republic of Armenia

Republic of Artsakh Republic of Mountainous Armenia
Republic of Artsakh Nagorno-Karabakh rebels
 British Empire (1918 only)
Centrocaspian Dictatorship (1918 only)

 Azerbaijan Democratic Republic

 Ottoman Empire (1918 only)
 Russian SFSR (from April 1920)
Turkish National Movement (from April 1920)

1918 1920 Estonian War of Independence
Part of the Russian Civil War
 Estonia

Russia White Russia
 Latvia
 United Kingdom
Ingria
German Empire Ober Ost
Finnish, Swedish and Danish volunteers

 Russian SFSR

Commune of Estonia
 Latvian SSR

1918 1920 Latvian War of Independence
Part of the Russian Civil War
 Latvia

 Estonia
Poland Poland
 United Kingdom
France France

 Russian SFSR

 Latvian SSR

1918 1919 Lithuanian–Soviet War
Part of the Lithuanian Wars of Independence
Lithuania Lithuania
 Saxon volunteers
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Lithuanian-Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
1918 1919 Al-Khurma dispute
Part of the Unification of Saudi Arabia
Emirate of Riyadh Kingdom of Hejaz
1918 1921 War of the Insane  French Indochina Hmong rebels
1918 1920 Revolt of the Ingrian Finns Russian SFSR North Ingria
Finnish volunteers
1918 1921 Franco-Turkish War
Part of the Turkish War of Independence
Turkish National Movement French Third Republic France
French Armenian Legion
1919 1923 Second Yemeni–Asiri War[52] Idrisid Emirate of Asir

Supported by:

 British Empire

 Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
1919 1919 Toli-Toli incident[7]  Dutch Empire Anti-Dutch forces
1919 1919 Garut incident[7]  Dutch Empire Anti-Dutch forces
1919 1919 Punjab Rebellion[67] (See: Amritsar Massacre)

Part of the instability on the North-West Frontier

 British Empire Rebels
1919 1919 Black Sea mutiny France France Mutineers
1919 1919 1919 Royalist uprising in Northern Portugal  First Portuguese Republic Kingdom of Portugal Monarchy of the North
1919 1919 Christmas Uprising Kingdom of Yugoslavia Montenegrin Whites
Kingdom of Yugoslavia Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Kingdom of Montenegro Montenegrin Greens
 Kingdom of Italy
1919 1919 Spartacist uprising
Part of the German Revolution of 1918–19
Germany Interim government Communist Party of Germany

Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany

1919 1919 Lithuanian War of Independence (War against the Bermontians)
Part of the Lithuanian Wars of Independence
Lithuania Lithuania Russia West Russian Volunteer Army
1919 1919 Sejny Uprising Poland Polish Military Organization (PMO)
Poland 41st Infantry Regiment
Lithuania Lithuanian Sejny Command
Lithuania 1st Reserve Battalion
1919 1919 First Barzanji Revolt  British Empire Kurdish Tribesmen
1919 1919 Polish–Czechoslovak War
Part of the Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia Poland Second Polish Republic
1919 1919 Khotyn Uprising  Romania Ukrainian rebels
1919 1919 Hungarian–Romanian war of 1919  Romania  First Hungarian Republic (until 21 March 1919)
Hungarian Soviet Republic
1919 1922
(Armistice)

1923
(Treaty)
Turkish War of Independence Turkish National Movement

Supported by:
 Russian SFSR

 Greece
French Third Republic France
 Armenia (in 1920)
 United Kingdom
 Ottoman Empire (until 1922)

 Italy
Georgia (in 1921)

1919 1919 Third Anglo-Afghan War  Afghanistan  British Empire

 India

1919 1920 Waziristan campaign (1919–1920)  British Empire Waziristan
1919 1919 Impresa di Fiume Forces loyal to Gabriele D'Annunzio United States United Kingdom French Third Republic American, British and French occupying forces
1919 1920 Italo-Yugoslav War  Kingdom of Italy

Free State of Fiume

 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
1919 1919 First Honduran Civil War Rebels  Honduras
1919 1921 Polish–Soviet War
Poland Republic of Poland

Ukraine Ukrainian People's Republic

 Russian SFSR

Ukrainian SSR

1919 1919 First Silesian Uprising
Part of the Silesian Uprisings
 Weimar Republic Poland Silesian Rebels
1919 1919 Aunus expedition Russian SFSR
Finnish Red Guards
Finnish White Guards
Finnish Jäger troops
1919 1920 Alawite Revolt of 1919  France Syrian insurgents
1919 1921 Irish War of Independence Republic of Ireland Irish Republic  United Kingdom
1919 1920 Kuwait–Najd War Kuwait
 British Empire
Ikhwan
Bedouins
1919 1922 Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
Part of the Turkish War of Independence
Turkish National Movement
Supported by:
 Russian SFSR
 Kingdom of Greece
Supported by:
 United Kingdom
Armenian volunteers
1919 1923 Revolts during the Turkish War of Independence Turkish National Movement  Ottoman Empire

Pontic rebels
Milli tribe
Koçgiri tribe
Rebels of Ethem the Circassian (1920-1921)

1920–1929

1920–1929
Start Finish Name of Conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
1920 1920 Franco-Syrian War France France
French Syria
Arab Revolt Syrian rebels
1920 1920 1920 uprising in Afghanistan[68]  Afghanistan Safi regiment
1920 1920 Misurata-Warfala War[69] Warfallan tribesmen Tripolitanian Republic
1920 1920 Husino rebellion  Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Bosnian miners
1920 1920 1920 Iraqi Revolt  British Empire Iraqi rebels
1920 1920 Vlora War Albania Principality of Albania  Kingdom of Italy
1920 1922 1920–1922 Jabal al-Gharbi civil war Tribal fighters Tribal fighters
1920 1920 Polish–Lithuanian War
Part of the Lithuanian Wars of Independence
Poland Poland Lithuania Lithuania
1920 1920 Kapp Putsch  Weimar Republic Far-right Freikorps
1920 1920 Ruhr Uprising  Weimar Republic
Freikorps
Red Ruhr Army
1920 1920 Second Silesian Uprising
Part of the Silesian Uprisings
 Weimar Republic Poland German civil government and police of Upper Silesia
1920 1920 1920 Georgian coup attempt  Democratic Republic of Georgia Georgian Bolsheviks
1920 1920 May Uprising First Republic of Armenia
Armenian Revolutionary Federation
Armenian Bolsheviks
Muslims of Armenia
1920 1920 Turkish–Armenian War
Part of the Turkish War of Independence
Turkish National Movement
 Russian SFSR
First Republic of Armenia
1920 1920 Zhili–Anhui War

Part of the Warlord Era

Beiyang government Zhili clique
Fengtian clique
Beiyang government Anhui clique
1920 1920 Second Pechenga expedition Russian SFSR
Finnish Red Guards
Murmansk Legion
Finnish volunteers
1920 1921 Guangdong–Guangxi War

Part of the Warlord Era

Beiyang government Old Guangxi clique Beiyang government Chinese Revolutionary Party
1920 1921 Dagestan Uprising
Part of the Russian Civil War
 Russian SFSR Dagestani rebels
1920 1926 Rif War France France

Spain Spain

Rif Republic
1920 1920 1920 Upper Asir conflict[52] Rebel tribes

Sultanate of Nejd

Sheikdom of Upper Asir
1921 1921 1921 Khorosan rebellion[70] Iran Autonomous Government of Khorasan
1921 1921 Kurdish uprising of Autumn 1921[49]  Turkey Anti-Kemalist Kurdish rebels
1921 1921 Waziristan campaign (1921–1924)  British Empire Waziristan
1921 1921 Anti-fascist uprising in Albona  Kingdom of Italy Albona Republic
1921 1921 Red Army invasion of Georgia
Part of the Russian Civil War
 Russian SFSR
Turkey
Democratic Republic of Georgia
1921 1921 Kronstadt rebellion
Part of the Russian Civil War
 Russian SFSR Anarchist sailors
1921 1921 February Uprising
Part of the Russian Civil War
Soviet Union Revolutionary committee (Revkom) of Armenia Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1921 1921 Coto War Costa RicaCosta Rica PanamaPanama
1921 1921 Battle of Mountainous Armenia
Part of the Russian Civil War
Armenia Armenia  Russian SFSR
 Turkey
Azerbaijan SSR
1921 1921 March Action  Weimar Republic Communist Party of Germany
Communist Workers' Party of Germany
1921 1921 Third Silesian Uprising
Part of the Silesian Uprisings
 Weimar Republic Poland Silesian rebels

Poland Poland

1921 1921 Mongolian Revolution of 1921
Part of Russian Civil War
Mongolian Communists
 Russian SFSR
Bogd Khaanate
White Guards
1921 1921 Charles I of Austria's attempts to retake the throne of Hungary Regentists Loyalists
1921 1921 Uprising in West Hungary Austria
Hungary
Rongyos Gárda
Lajtabánság
Bosnian and Albanian Muslim volunteers
1921 1921 Malabar rebellion  British Empire Khilafat Movement
1921 1921 1921 Persian coup d'etat Persian Cossack Brigade Iranian Qajar police
Jangalis
Simko Kurdish rebels
Colonel Pesian's forces
supported by:
 Soviet Union
1921 1921 Conquest of Ha'il
Sultanate of Nejd Emirate of Ha'il
1921 1922 East Karelian Uprising and Soviet–Finnish conflict 1921–22
Part of Russian Civil War
 Russian SFSR Finnish and East Karelian rebels
1921 1922 Rand Rebellion  Union of South Africa Miners
South African Communist Party
Syndicalists
1921 1923 Kura Rebellion  United Kingdom
Jordan Emir Abdullah
Jordan Sheikh Kulaib
1921 1921 Ikhwan attack on Najran[71] Ikhwan Principality of Najran
1922 1922 18 of the Copacabana Fort revolt  First Brazilian Republic Tenentista movement
1922 1922 1922 bombardment of Yemen[72]  British Empire  Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
1922 1924 Ikhwan raids on Transjordan United Kingdom British RAF

Jordan Pro-Hashemite tribesmen:[73]

Ikhwan ('Utaybah tribe)
1922 1922 Bondelswarts Rebellion  Union of South Africa Bondelswarts
1922 1922 San rebellion[9]  Union of South Africa San rebels
1922 1922 1922 Uukwambi revolt[9]  Union of South Africa Uukwambi rebels
1922 1922 First Zhili–Fengtian War

Part of the Warlord Era

Beiyang government Zhili clique Fengtian clique
1922 1924 Rampa Rebellion of 1922  British Empire Rebel forces loyal to Alluri Sitarama Raju
1922 1922 11 September 1922 Revolution Venizelist rebels  Kingdom of Greece
1922 1923 Irish Civil War Republic of Ireland Pro-treaty forces Republic of Ireland Anti-treaty forces
1922 1923 Paraguayan Civil War (1922) Paraguay Gondrists Paraguay Schaererists
1922 1924 Sheikh Khazal rebellion

Part of the Arab separatism in Khuzestan

Sublime State of Persia Sheikhdom of Mohammerah
Bakhtiari Tribesmen
1922 1924 Second Barzanji Revolt  British Empire
Iraq Kingdom of Iraq (British administration)
Kingdom of Kurdistan
1922 1927 Tenente revolts First Brazilian Republic Tenentismo
Brazilian Communist Party
1923 1941 Aden Protectorate Insurgency[72]  British Empire Rebel tribes:
  • Makhdumi
  • Mansuri
  • Hukais
  • Subayhi
  • Ahl Ma'ir
  • Qutaybi
  • Mawsata
  • Shayri
  • Ahl Haydara
  • Hamumi
1923 1923 Alizai rebellion of 1923  Emirate of Afghanistan Alizai
1923 1923 Corfu incident  Kingdom of Italy  Kingdom of Greece
1923 1923 Guna revolution  Panama Guna rebels
1923 1923 De la Huerta Rebellion[74][75] Mexican government Forces loyal to Adolfo de la Huerta
1923 1923 June Uprising  Bulgaria
IMRO
Bulgaria Shpitskomandi
Bulgarian Communist Party
Bulgarian Agrarian National Union
Anarchists
1923 1923 Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup d'état attempt  Kingdom of Greece Monarchist rebels
1923 1923 Adwan Rebellion  United Kingdom
Jordan Emir Abdullah's forces
Jordan Hashemite allied tribesmen
Jordan Sultan al-Adwan's forces
1923 1923 Posey War  United States Ute
Paiute
1923 1923 Hamburg Uprising  Weimar Republic Communist Party of Germany
1923 1923 Beer Hall Putsch  Weimar Republic Nazi Party
1923 1923 Klaipėda Revolt  Lithuania  French Third Republic
1923 1923 September Uprising  Bulgaria
IMRO
Bulgaria Shpitskomandi
Bulgarian Communist Party
Bulgarian Agrarian National Union
Anarchists
1923 1932 Pacification of Libya  Kingdom of Italy Senussi Order
1923 Ongoing Arab separatism in Khuzestan Iran Sublime State of Iran (1922–1924)
Iran Imperial State of Iran (1925–1979)
Iran Islamic Republic of Iran (1979–present)
Sheikhdom of Mohammerah (1922–1924)
DRFLA (1979–1980)
APCO
PFLA
AFLA
ASMLA
Iranian Arab protesters
1924 1925 Chechen uprising of 1924[76]  Soviet Union Chechen rebels
1924 1925 Turkoman Rebellion in Eastern Iran[77] Iran Sublime State of Persia Turkmen rebels
1924 1924 Paulista Revolt of 1924  First Brazilian Republic Tenentista movement
1924 1924 Beytussebab rebellion  Turkey Kurdish rebels
1924 1924 Zazejskie uprising  Soviet Union Rebels
1924 1924 Second Honduran Civil War Rebels  Honduras
1924 1925 Khost rebellion (1924–1925)  Emirate of Afghanistan

Allied tribes:

Rebel tribes
1924 1928 1924–1928 Saqqawist insurgency in Afghanistan

Escalated into the Afghan Civil War

Saqqawists  Emirate of Afghanistan
1924 1924 Vaalgras revolt[9]  Union of South Africa Vaalgras
1924 1924 August Uprising  Soviet Union Committee for Independence of Georgia
1924 1925 Tungus uprising  Soviet Union Tungus Republic
1924 1924 June Revolution Faction of Fan Noli Principality of Albania
1924 1924 1924 Estonian coup d'état attempt  Estonia Comintern
1924 1924 Tatarbunary Uprising  Romania  Soviet Union
1924 1925 Saudi conquest of Hejaz Sultanate of Nejd
 British Empire
Kingdom of Hejaz
1924 1924 Nestorian rebellion  Turkey Nestorians
1924 1924 Second Zhili–Fengtian War

Part of the Warlord Era

Fengtian clique Beiyang government Zhili clique
1924 1926 Third Yemeni–Asiri War[52]  Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen Idrisid Emirate of Asir
1924 1924 First Asiri Civil War[52] Idrisid Emirate of Asir

(Sayyid Ali ibn Muhammad al-Idrisi loyalists)

Rebels led by Mustafa
1925 1925 1925 Rehoboth Basters rebellion[9]  Union of South Africa Rehoboth Basters
1925 1925 Incident at Petrich  Kingdom of Bulgaria  Kingdom of Greece
1925 1925 Sheikh Said rebellion  Turkey Kurdish tribesmen
1925 1925 Pink's War  United Kingdom Mahsud tribesmen
1925 1925 Raçkotan and Raman pacifying operations[81]  Turkey Kurdish rebels
1925 1937 Sason rebellion[81]  Turkey Kurdish rebels
1925 1929 Zaraniq rebellion (1925–1929)  Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen Zaraniq tribe

Supported by:

1925 1927 Great Syrian Revolt France France Syrian rebels
1925 1926 Anti-Fengtian War

Part of the Warlord Era

Fengtian clique
Beiyang government Zhili clique (from February 1918)
Beiyang government Guominjun
Beiyang government Zhili clique (until February 1918)
1925 1926 Urtatagai conflict  Soviet Union Emirate of Afghanistan
1925 1926 Second Asiri Civil war[52] Rebels led by Sayyid al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Idrisial-Hasani

Supported by:

Sultanate of Nejd

Idrisid Emirate of Asir

(Sayyid Ali ibn Muhammad al-Idrisi loyalists)

1926 1926 Asiri tribal revolts of 1926[52] Idrisid Emirate of Asir Rebel tribes
1926 1927 Tarimese Civil War[82] Government of the Sultanate of Tarim
  • "The League"

Kathiri

Tamimi rebels
1926 1926 1926 Simko Shikak revolt Pahlavi Iran Shikak tribesmen

Herki tribesmen

Begzadeh tribesmen

1926 1927 Nicaraguan civil war (1926-1927) Nicaraguan Conservatives (government) Nicaraguan Liberals (rebels)
1926 1928 Northern Expedition

Part of the Warlord Era

 Republic of China Beiyang government Beiyang Government
1926 1929 Cristero War  Mexico Cristeros
1926 1926 1926 Communist Revolt in Indonesia  Dutch Empire Communist Party of Indonesia
1927 1927 1927 Nuer uprising[2]
1927 1930 Ararat rebellion  Turkey Republic of Ararat
1927 1930 Ikhwan Revolt Ibn Saud
 United Kingdom

Kuwait

Ikhwan
1927 1927 1927 Kurdish rebellions[81]  Turkey Kurdish rebels
1927 1927 Ikhwan raid on Busayya

Part of the Ikhwan revolt

Ikhwan Iraq Iraqi Police force
1927 1950 Chinese Civil War Chinese Communist Party
After 1949:
 People's Republic of China
Nationalist Party of China
Republic of China
After 1949:
 Republic of China on Taiwan
1928 1935 Persian conquest of West Baluchistan[83][84][85][86] Sublime State of Persia West Baluchistan
1928 1932 Hamed bin Rafda's rebellion Ibn Saud Rebels loyal to Hamed bin Rafda
1928 1928 Haji Abdul Rahman Limbong's rebellion  British Empire Rebels
1928 1929 Afghan Civil War (1928–1929) Amānullāh Khān
(Until 14 January 1929)

Inayatullah Khan
(14-17 January 1929)
Ali Ahmad Khan
(17 January - 9 February 1929)
Various anti-Saqqawist tribes
Mohammed Nādir Khān
(March–October 1929)
Intervening against Basmachi:
 Soviet Union[87]
Shinwari tribesmen
(14 November–December 1928)

Saqqawists
(November 1928 – 17 January 1929)

Emirate of Afghanistan
(18 January – 13 October 1929)
In cooperation with:
Basmachi
(1929)

1928 1931 Kongo-Wara rebellion  France Gbaya rebels
1929 1931 Kazakh revolts (1929-1931)  Soviet Union Kazakh Rebels
1929 1929 Escobar Rebellion Mexico Mexico Escobar rebels
1929 1929 1929 Basmachi border raids on the Soviet Union  Soviet Union Basmachi
1929 1929 Chiang-Gui War

Part of the Warlord Era

Taiwan Republic of China Taiwan New Guangxi Clique
1929 1929 Afghan campaign of the Red Army (1929)  Soviet Union Basmachi
1929 1929 Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)  Soviet Union  Republic of China
1929 1930 Alakat Uprising  Soviet Union Rebels
1929 1929 1929 Kurdish rebellions[81]  Turkey Kurdish rebels
1929 1931 Anti-Saqqawist campaigns in Kuhdaman and Herat  Kingdom of Afghanistan Saqqawists
1929 1930 Women's War Igbo Women of Owerri and Calabar Provinces Warrant Chiefs
United Kingdom British Colonial Forces
1929 1929 Antananarivo uprising[8]  France Rebels
1929 1929 Persian tribal uprisings of 1929 Sublime State of Persia Qashqai, Khamseh, Buyir Ahmadi and Bakhtiari rebels
1929 1929 Nejd Civil War[88] Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd Rebels
1929 1930 Central Plains War

Part of the Warlord Era

Taiwan Forces of Chiang Kai-shek Taiwan Forces of the coalition of Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, Wang Jingwei, and Li Zongren

1930–1944

Start Finish Name of Conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
1930 1930 Shinwari rebellion Kingdom of Afghanistan Shinwari tribesmen
1930 1930 1930 Kurdish rebellions[81]  Turkey Kurdish rebels
1930 1931 Afridi Redshirt Rebellion  British Empire Afridi tribesmen
1930 1931 Uprising of the Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviets France French colonial empire Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviets
1930 1930 Hnov uprising  Soviet Union Rebels
1930 1930 Gugsa Wale's rebellion Haile Selassie loyalists Empress Zewditu supporters
1930 1930 Kuhistan rebellion (February–April 1930) Kingdom of Afghanistan Rebels
1930 1930 Yên Bái mutiny  French Indochina VNQDD
1930 1930 Muromtsevsky uprising  Soviet Union Rebels
1930 1930 Tugsbuyant uprising  Mongolian People's Republic Buddhist clergy, former feudal lords, Arats
1930 1932 Saya San Rebellion  British Empire Burmese rebels
1930 1930 Chittagong armoury raid  British Empire Anushilan Samiti
1930 1930 Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)  Soviet Union Basmachi
1930 1930 Kuhistan rebellion (July 1930) Kingdom of Afghanistan Saqqawists
1930 1932 Sino-Tibetan War  Republic of China Tibet Tibet
1930 1930 Brazilian Revolution of 1930 Liberal Alliance and tenentistas. First Brazilian Republic
1930 1930 Khorinskoe uprising  Soviet Union Rebels
1930 1930 Musha Incident  Empire of Japan
Toda
Truku[89] (Taroko)
Tkdaya[89]
1930 Ongoing Xinjiang conflict  China East Turkestan Uyghur separatist movements
Including:
1931 1931 1931 Saudi–Yemeni border skirmish Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
1931 1932 Ahmed Barzani revolt  Kingdom of Iraq Barzan tribe
1931 1931 Flour Revolt  Portugal Rebels
1931 1934 Kumul Rebellion  Republic of China  First East Turkestan Republic
1931 1931 Uranian peasant uprising  Soviet Union Rebels
1931 1931 Chilean naval mutiny of 1931  Chile Chilean Navy rebels
1931 1931 Jafar Sultan revolt

Part of the Kurdish separatism in Iran

Iran Kurdish rebels
1931 1932 Japanese invasion of Manchuria  Empire of Japan  Republic of China
1931 1931 1931 Cyprus revolt  British Empire Greek Cypriot rebels
1931 1933 Idrisid Emirate Rebellion Saudi Arabia Idrisid Emirate

Supported by:

Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen

1931 1931 Norte Grande insurrection  Chile Communist Party of Chile
1931/32 1932 Najran conflict Saudi Arabia Yemen
1932 1932 Uukwambi uprising[9]  Union of South Africa Uukwambi rebels
1932 1932 Annexation of Jimma[90] Ethiopian Empire Kingdom of Jimma
1932 1932 Chechen uprising of 1932  Soviet Union Chechen rebels
1932 1933 Two-Liu War[91][92]

Part of the Warlord Era

Taiwan Forces of Liu Xiang
Taiwan Forces of Tian Songyao
Taiwan Allied warlords
Taiwan Forces of Liu Wenhui
Taiwan Forces of Wang Jialie
Taiwan Ma Clique
Taiwan Allied warlords
1932 1932 Kirghiz rebellion  Republic of China Kirghiz rebels
1932 1932 La Matanza  El Salvador Salvadoran peasants
1932 1932 January 28 incident  Republic of China  Empire of Japan
1932 1932 Darre Khel revolt Kingdom of Afghanistan Rebels
1932 1939 Soviet–Japanese border conflicts  Soviet Union
 Mongolia
 Japan
1932 1932 1932 armed uprising in Mongolia  Mongolian People's Republic
 Soviet Union
Anti-communist rebels
1932 1932 Lesko uprising Poland Second Polish Republic Peasant rebels
1932 1932 Constitutionalist Revolution Brazil Brazil  São Paulo
1932 1932 Ecuadorian Civil War of 1932 Leftist and Liberal rebels  Ecuador
1932 1932 Sanjurjada  Spanish Republic Rebel Officers
1932 1933 Colombia–Peru War  Colombia  Peru
1932 1935 Chaco War  Paraguay  Bolivia
1932 1932 Emu War Emus  Australia
1933 1933 1933 Mohmand revolt in Afghanistan[93] Kingdom of Afghanistan Mohmand rebels
1933 1933 Kazym rebellion  Soviet Union Khanty rebels
1933 1933 Casas Viejas incident  Spanish Republic Spanish Anarchists
1933 1933 De Zeven Provinciën Mutiny  The Netherlands Dutch Navy rebels
1933 1933 Crazy Fakir's rebellion Kingdom of Afghanistan Forces of the Crazy Fakir
1933 1936 Actions in Inner Mongolia (1933–1936)  Empire of Japan Taiwan Republic of China
1933 1933 Boworadet Rebellion  Thailand Rebels under Prince Boworadet
1934 1938 Second Cristero War Mexico Mexican Government Cristeros
1934 1934 Mandalada  Soviet Union Rebels
1934 1934 1934 Khamba rebellion Tibet Tibet (1912–1951)
Sichuan clique
Chinese Communist Party
Khamba Tribesmen
1934 1934 Soviet invasion of Xinjiang  Republic of China  Soviet Union
Russian Empire White Russian forces
Torgut Mongols
1934 1934 Saudi–Yemeni War (1934)

Part of the Unification of Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia Yemen Yemen
1934 1934 Austrian Civil War Austria First Austrian Republic

Fatherland's Front

Social Democratic Party of Austria
1934 1934 July Putsch Austria First Austrian Republic Austrian Legion
1934 1934 Events of 6 October Second Spanish Republic Spanish Republic Catalonia Generalitat of Catalonia
1934 1934 Asturian miners' strike of 1934  Spanish Republic Asturian Miners
1934 1934 Inamujandi Revolt[94]  Belgium Burundian Rebels
1935 1935 Narrenrevolte  Nazi Germany Rebels
1935 1935 Mohmand campaign of 1935  British Empire Mohmand tribesmen
1935 1936 1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts  Kingdom of Iraq Shia tribesmen
1935 1935 1935 Greek coup d'état attempt  Second Hellenic Republic Venizelist rebels
1935 1935 May 2 uprising  United States Sakdalista
1935 1935 Goharshad Mosque rebellion  Iran Bazaaris
1935 1935 1935 Yazidi revolt  Kingdom of Iraq Yazidis
1935 1937 Second Italo-Ethiopian War  Kingdom of Italy  Ethiopian Empire
1935 1935 Brazilian communist uprising of 1935  Brazil Brazilian Communist Party
1936 1936 Scythe Cross rebellion  Kingdom of Hungary Hungarian National Socialist Party
1936 1936 February 26 incident  Empire of Japan Righteous Army
1936 1939 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine

Part of the Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine

 United Kingdom
British Army
Palestine Police Force
Jewish Settlement Police
Jewish Supernumerary Police
Haganah
Special Night Squads
FOSH
Peulot Meyuhadot
Irgun
Peace Bands
Arab Higher Committee
1936 1939 Spanish Civil War National faction

Supported by:

Second Spanish Republic Republican faction

Supported by:

1936 1936 1936 Naval Revolt  Portugal Revolutionary Armed Organization
1936 1936 1936 Iraqi coup d'état Iraq Bakr Sidqi's supporters Iraq Iraqi Government
1936 1939 Waziristan campaign (1936–1939)  British Empire Waziristan
1937 1939 Katawz rebellion[95]  Kingdom of Afghanistan Rebels
1937 1937 Afghan tribal revolts of 1937[93]  Kingdom of Afghanistan Rebel tribes:
1937 1937 Dieu Python movement  French Indochina Degar rebels
1937 1938 Dersim rebellion  Turkey Dersim tribes
1937 1937 Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang (1937)  Soviet Union
Russian Empire White Russian forces
 Republic of China
1937 1945 Second Sino-Japanese War
Part of World War II
 Republic of China

 Soviet Union (1937-1941; 1944–1945)
 United States (1941-1945)
 British Empire (1942-1945)

 Empire of Japan

Reorganized National Government of China
 Manchukuo
 Mengjiang

1938 1938 Brazilian Integralist uprising of 1938 Brazil Brazilian Integralist Action
1938 1939 Afghan tribal revolts of 1938[95][96]  Kingdom of Afghanistan Rebel tribes:
1938 1938 1938 Greek coup d'état attempt  Second Hellenic Republic Venizelist rebels
1938 1938 Sudeten German uprising Sudetendeutsches Freikorps

 Germany

Czechoslovakia
1939 1939 Hungarian invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine  Kingdom of Hungary Ukraine Carpatho-Ukraine
1939 1939 Slovak–Hungarian War  Kingdom of Hungary Slovak Republic
1939 1965 Maquis insurgency  Nationalist Spain Second Spanish Republic Spanish Maquis
1939 1939 Italian invasion of Albania  Kingdom of Italy Albania Albanian Kingdom
1939 1945 World War II Allied Powers:
 Soviet Union
 United States
 United Kingdom
 China
Free France Free France
Poland
 Yugoslavia
 Greece
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
 Norway
 Czechoslovakia
 India
 Canada
 Australia
 New Zealand
 South Africa
Philippines
Ethiopian Empire Ethiopia
Brazil Brazil
Mongolian People's Republic Mongolia
 Mexico
Axis Powers:
 Nazi Germany
 Empire of Japan
 Fascist Italy
 Vichy France
 Romania
Kingdom of Hungary Hungary
 Bulgaria
Slovakia
 Croatia
 Finland
Thailand
 Iraq
1939 1939 1939 Ondonga uprising[9]  South Africa Odonga rebels
1939 1940 Winter War
Part of World War II
 Soviet Union  Finland
1940 1944 1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya

Part of World War II and the Chechen–Russian conflict

 Soviet Union Provisional Popular Revolutionary Government of Chechnya-Ingushetia

Supported by:

Nazi Germany Germany (1942)

1940 1940 Czortków uprising
Part of World War II
 Soviet Union Poland Polish rebels
1940 1940 Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)
Part of World War II
 Soviet Union  Estonia
 Latvia
 Lithuania
1940 1940 Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
Part of World War II
 Soviet Union  Romania
1940 1941 Franco-Thai War
Part of World War II
 Thailand Vichy France Vichy France

 French Indochina

1941 1941 Legionnaires' Rebellion

Part of World War II

 Kingdom of Romania Iron Guard
1941 1941 Anglo-Iraqi War
Part of World War II
 United Kingdom

 British India
Jordan Transjordan

 Kingdom of Iraq

 Nazi Germany
 Kingdom of Italy

1941 1941 June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina
Part of World War II
 Independent State of Croatia

 Italy

Serb rebels from eastern Herzegovina and Montenegro
1941 1944 Continuation War
Part of World War II
 Soviet Union

 United Kingdom

 Finland

 Nazi Germany
 Kingdom of Italy

1941 1941 Ecuadorian–Peruvian War  Peru  Ecuador
1941 1941 Uprising in Serbia (1941)
Part of World War II
Government of National Salvation

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany

Partisans

Chetniks

1941 1944 Hama Rashid revolt

Part of the Kurdish separatism in Iran and World War II

Iran Kurdish tribes
1942 1954 Hukbalahap Rebellion (During WWII) Philippines
United States
Hukbalahap
Soviet Union
Japan
1943 1943 1943 Khuzestan revolt[99] Iran Khuzistan rebels
1943 1945 1943 Barzani revolt

Part of the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict

Iraq Kingdom of Iraq

Supported by:

Kurdish tribesmen (1945)

  • Zibrari
  • Berwari
  • Doski
  • Elements of the ‘Muhajarin' tribe
Kurdish rebels
1943 1943 Woyane rebellion  Ethiopian Empire

 UK

Woyanne rebels
1943 1945 Italian Civil War
Part of World War II
Italian Resistance
 Kingdom of Italy
United Kingdom United States Allied Powers
Italian Social Republic
 Nazi Germany
1943 1944 Jesselton revolt
Part of World War II
 Empire of Japan Kinabalu rebels
1943 1949 Ukrainian Insurgent Army insurgency  Soviet Union
Poland People's Republic of Poland
 Polish Underground State
 Nazi Germany (1941–1944)
Ukrainian Insurgent Army
1944 1945 1944–1945 Insurgency in Balochistan  United Kingdom Badinzai rebels
1944 1946 Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953) Poland People's Republic of Poland
 Soviet Union
Polish Underground State Cursed soldiers
1944 1947 Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1947  Afghanistan
  Allied Nuristani and Shinwari tribesmen
 British Empire
   India
Rebel tribes:
1944 1948 Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine Jewish Resistance Movement United Kingdom British Army
Royal Navy
Royal Air Force
United Kingdom Palestine Police Force
1944 1944 Luluabourg and Jadotville Mutiny[100]  Belgian Congo Force Publique Mutineers
1944 1944 Masisi-Lubutu revolt  Belgian Congo Watchtower Movement
1944 1944 Palm Sunday Coup

Part of World War II

 El Salvador Pro-Axis rebels
1944 1945 Lapland War
Part of World War II
 Finland  Nazi Germany
1944 1949 Ili Rebellion Chinese Communist Party
Second East Turkestan Republic
 Soviet Union
Russia White Russian forces
Mongolian People's Republic
 Republic of China
National Revolutionary Army
1944 1960 Goryani Insurgency  People's Republic of Bulgaria Goryani
1944 1956 Guerrilla war in the Baltic states  Soviet Union EstoniaLatviaLithuania Forest Brothers

Notes

    References

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    2. Niblock, Tim (January 1987). Class and Power in Sudan: The Dynamics of Sudanese Politics, 1898-1985. SUNY Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-4384-1466-9. Primary resistance took three forms. First. nabi 'Isa movements emerged in the northern Sudan, among parts of the population which had been strongly influenced by Mahdism. Such movements were based on the belief, emanating from Islamic eschatology, that the anti-Christ (al-daffal) who had destroyed the rule of the Mandi and his successor would in due course be defeated by Jesus (nabi 'lea) descending from heaven and leading the Muslims to victory. A number of self-professed nabi 'Isas arose in the years following 1898. Even the more successful of these, however, only managed to secure a very localised support. The principal nabi 'Isa uprisings were those staged by Muhammad al-Amin in Tegale (1903); Adam Wad Muhammad in Sennar (1904); 'Abd al-Qadir Wad Habbuba in the Gezira (1908)' Faki Najm al-Din in Kordofan (1912); and Ahmad 'Umar in Darfur (1915).
      Second, sporadic tribal uprisings took place in the southern Sudan and in the Nuba mountains over the first 30 years of Condominium rule. Of particular importance was the Nuer resistance, led by Den-gkur and Diu (1899-1908); the Zande resistance under Sultan Yam-bio (1900-1905); the scattered but continuing incidents in the Nuba mountains (going up to 1918); the risings among the Agar Dinka (1901) and the Atwot Dinka (1903-10); and the widely-based rising among the Nuer in 1927' The Condominium authorities suppressed these uprisings mainly by despatching punitive expeditions, with the occasional aerial bombardments in the period which followed the First World War.
    3. "Frontier and overseas expeditions from India". 1907.
    4. Weiser, Martin (2006). "The Herero war – the first genocide of the 20th century?". Bachelor's Thesis, Univerzita Karlova v Praze
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    11. White, John Albert (2002-06-27). Transition to Global Rivalry: Alliance Diplomacy and the Quadruple Entente, 1895-1907. Cambridge University Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-521-52665-4. Revolutionary activity began in Central Asia well before the St. Petersburg events of January 1905. The railway workers at Kala-i-Mor near Kushka struck in 1902 and the Russian railway workers of Tashkent demonstrated on May 1, 1904. Central Asia was thus prepared to join in the great strike of October 1905 and did so formally and officially on a signal from the strike committee of Ashkhabad at midnight on the night of October 13–14. The Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich who was then in Tashkent noted on October 26 that the strike appeared to be over and it officially ended the next day only to begin again when the First Tashkent Reserve Battalion and other units mutinied on November 15. General Dean Ivanovich Subotich, who was sent in early 1906 to take over the troubled city of Tashkent, tried, at a time of administrative weakness, to restore order by appeasing the terrorists and revolutionaries, thus assisting them. When the government began to regain control of the situation, Subotich and his assistant, General V. V. Sakharov, were relieved of their commands. The government never lost complete control of the region and by early 1907 it was once more in command of the situation.
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    15. Becker, Seymour (2004-08-02). Russia's Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva, 1865-1924. Routledge. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-134-33583-1. With Russia's permission Bukharan officials finally began to collect taxes in Shugnan-Roshan in March 1903, and they immediately met with opposition from the inhabitants, who had just weathered a particularly severe winter with great losses of cattle and crops. The Russian authorities at Khorog and Tashkent tried to steer a middle course between the population and the Bukharan officials, persuading the inhabitants not to revolt or flee while prevailing upon the emir's government to ease the tax burden. Russia's efforts were to no avail, and open rebellion occurred in Vakhan, where the intervention of Russian troops from a nearby Russian frontier post was necessary to free ten Bukharan tax collectors and to suppress the disorders. The Russians arrested the rebel leaders and turned them over to the Bukharan administration. Governor General N.A.Ivanov sent his diplomatic attaché, A.Polovtsev, to investigate the disturbances and explain to the population that Russia expected them to obey their own government and would not tolerate any failure to do so. Ivanov meanwbile departed from the policy of his predecessor by urging the immediate annexation of Shugnan-Roshan.
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    93. Khan, Hafeez R. (1960). "Afghanistan and Pakistan". Pakistan Horizon. 13 (1): 55. ISSN 0030-980X. JSTOR 41392239. 1933: Siege of Matun, the capital of the Afghan province of Khost, by the Mohmands. 1937: Uprising of the Mohmands, the Shinwaris and the Sulayman Khel section of the Ghilzais. 1938: Abortive tribal movement under the Shami Pir to oust King Zahir Shah
    94. Russell, Aidan (2019). Politics and Violence in Burundi: The Language of Truth in an Emerging State. Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–51. ISBN 9781108499347.
    95. Jalali, Ali (2002). "Rebuilding Afghanistan's National Army". ssi.armywarcollege.ed. Retrieved 10 September 2019. The situation enabled the army to successfully respond to simultaneous internal disturbances, including the Katawz rebellion in 1937-39, the Shinwari revolt of 1938, Alizai-Durani unrest in 1939, and the 1944-45 rebellion of the Safi tribe in eastern Kunar province.
    96. "Before Taliban". publishing.cdlib.org. Retrieved 2019-08-16. his father helped to mediate three tribal uprisings—one among the Zadran tribe in Paktia Province, the Safi uprising in 1945 (about which Qazi Amin had little information), and an uprising among the Shinwari, which he believed occurred in the late 1930s or early 1940s.
    97. "Before Taliban". publishing.cdlib.org. Retrieved 2019-08-16. Qazi Amin knew the most about the Shinwari upheaval, which he said centered around Shinwari leader Muhammad Afzal's right to keep fifty militiamen whose salaries were paid by the government. Qazi Amin believed that Afzal was holding out for increased privileges from the government, and when he didn't get his way, he attacked the local government base and set up his own government. Because his father had lived a long time in the Shinwari area, he was in a position to mediate between the government and Afzal, who eventually gave up his opposition.
    98. Martin, Mike (2014). An Intimate War: An Oral History of the Helmand Conflict, 1978-2012. Oxford University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0190237912. The two monarchs from the dynasty, Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah, did not immediately learn from the lessons of Amanullah and faced a number of serious rebellions in their early years, such as in the winter of 1938/9. The government was carrying out a campaign for compulsory (male) education, which was used as a rallying cry by Alizai mullahs who said that female education would be next-a red line for the tribes of the south. what started as an Alizai disturbance quickly spread to the other tribes and there was a confrontation between the government and the tribesmen at Yakhchal, near Gereshk, which was eventually resolved when the government employed aircraft (bought from the British) against the tribesmen.
    99. "Iran : the " liberation " of Arabistan". articles.abolkhaseb.net. Retrieved 2019-04-09. New revolts occurred in 1943 and 1945 and were quelled in blood.
    100. Williams, Susan (2016-08-09). Spies in the Congo: America's Atomic Mission in World War II. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-61039-654-7.
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