MetroLink (St. Louis)

MetroLink (reporting mark BSDA) is a light rail system that serves the Greater St. Louis area. Operated by Metro Transit in a shared fare system with MetroBus,[7] the two-line, 38-station system runs from St. Louis Lambert International Airport and Shrewsbury in Missouri to Scott Air Force Base in Illinois. Intermediate destinations include downtown Clayton, Forest Park, and downtown St. Louis. It is the only U.S. light rail system to cross state lines.

For other systems of the same name, see Metrolink (disambiguation).
MetroLink
St. Louis MetroLink Train
St. Louis MetroLink Train
Overview
OwnerBi-State Development Agency
LocaleGreater St. Louis, Missouri–Illinois, U.S.
Transit typeLight rail
Number of lines2
Number of stations38
Daily ridership(weekdays, Q2 2023)[1]
Annual ridership6,702,600 (2022)[2]
HeadquartersOne Metropolitan Square
211 North Broadway
St. Louis, Missouri, 63102, U.S.
Websitemetrostlouis.org/metrolink
Operation
Began operationJuly 31, 1993 (1993-07-31)[3]
Operator(s)Metro Transit
Reporting marksBSDA
CharacterElevated, subway, at-grade
Number of vehicles87
Train length2 articulated vehicles
Headway10–20 minutes
Technical
System length46 mi (74 km)[4]
No. of tracks2
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
ElectrificationOverhead line, 750 V DC[5][6]
Average speed24.7 mph (40 km/h)
Top speed65 mph (105 km/h)

In 2022, MetroLink had about 6,702,600 riders.[2] As of the third quarter of 2020, its ridership ranked 11th among the country's light rail systems, and second only to Minneapolis Metro Transit in the Midwestern United States.[8]

MetroLink shares many characteristics of a light metro or rapid transit service,[9][10] including a completely independent right-of-way, a higher top speed, and level boarding at all platforms.[10][11]

History
The 1874-built Eads Bridge carries MetroLink across the Mississippi River between Missouri and Illinois on its lower-level rail deck.

Construction on the initial MetroLink alignment from St. Louis Lambert International Airport to the 5th & Missouri station in East St. Louis began in 1990. The first 13.9-mile (22.4 km) segment with 16 stations opened on July 31, 1993. between the North Hanley and 5th & Missouri stations and initially operated with 31 high-floor vehicles.[3][12] The remainder of this initial 17-mile (27 km) alignment was completed on June 25, 1994, when the extension to Lambert Airport Main opened.[13] Three stations have been added to this original alignment: East Riverfront in 1994, Lambert Airport East in 1998, and Cortex in 2018.[14][15]

Siemens SD-400 unit on the then-newly opened MetroLink system in 1993.

About 14 miles (22.5 km) of the original 17-mile (27 km) alignment reused existing railroad right-of-way. The capital cost to build the initial phase of MetroLink was $465 million, including $348 million from the Federal Transit Administration (FTA).[16]

Construction on the St. Clair County MetroLink extension from the 5th & Missouri station to the College station in Belleville began in 1998 and opened in May 2001. The extension added eight stations and seven park-ride lots. The total project cost was $339.2 million with $243.9 million paid by the FTA and $95.2 million paid by the St. Clair County Transit District (via a 1/2 cent sales tax passed in November 1993).[16]

In May 2003, a 3.5-mile (5.6 km) extension from Southwestern Illinois College to the Shiloh-Scott station opened. This $75 million project was funded by a $60 million grant from the Illinois FIRST (Fund for Infrastructure, Roads, Schools, and Transit) Program and $15 million from the St. Clair County Transit District.[16]

University City–Big Bend station along the Cross County extension, now Blue Line.

The 8-mile (12.9 km) Cross County Extension opened on August 26, 2006 and added nine stations from Forest Park-DeBaliviere to Shrewsbury, Missouri. Intermediate stops include service to Washington University, Clayton, the Saint Louis Galleria and Maplewood.[17] The entire project was funded by a $430 million Metro bond issue. Citing repeated delays and cost overruns, Metro fired and then sued its general contractor, Cross County Collaborative, in the summer of 2004. Metro sought $81 million in damages for fraud and mismanagement while the Collaborative counter-sued for $17 million for work that Metro hadn't paid for. On December 1, 2007, a jury awarded the Collaborative $2.56 million.[18]

On October 27, 2008, Metro renamed the Lambert Airport branch the Red Line and the Shrewsbury branch the Blue Line. Blue Line service was also extended from its former terminus at Emerson Park to Fairview Heights. All trains have signs on the front and side that identify the train as a Red or Blue line train, and operators make live announcements identifying lines and stations.[12]

On September 9, 2014, the United States Department of Transportation announced $10.3 million in funding for a new Metrolink station between the Central West End and Grand stations in the Cortex research district. An additional $5 million in funding was provided by a public-private partnership including Washington University, BJC HealthCare, Great Rivers Greenway and the Cortex Innovation Community. The new Cortex station, located just east of Boyle Avenue, opened to the public on July 31, 2018.[19]

2022 flooding

On July 26, 2022, the Forest Park-DeBaliviere and Delmar Loop stations were flooded in a flash flood that shut down the system for nearly 72 hours and caused nearly $40 million in damage.[20][21] On September 5, 2022, Metro announced new schedules to accommodate repairs.[22] Damage included roughly 5 miles (8.0 km) of track bed, two elevators, two communications rooms and three signal houses. As of summer 2023, everything has been repaired except for one of the three signal houses, which controlled train movement at Forest Park-DeBaliviere where four tracks merge into two tracks and was a total loss. A replacement is being built on an elevated platform to reduce flood risk.[23]

On July 31, 2023, Metro received $27.7 million in federal emergency disaster relief funding to help cover the cost of flood damage.[24] Currently, both the Red and Blue Lines are operating at all stations along their routes. The Blue Line is operating on a single track between the Forest Park-DeBaliviere and University City-Big Bend stations to accommodate safe switching while the signal house is reconstructed. Metro expects to have trains operating on a full schedule by fall 2023.[23]

Chronology

Below is a list of dates on which parts of the MetroLink system opened for service.

DateEventStationsLength
July 31, 1993 (1993-07-31)[25] Line opens between North Hanley and 5th & Missouri 16 13.9 mi (22.4 km)
May 14, 1994 (1994-05-14)[25] East Riverfront opens between existing stations 1 —
June 25, 1994 (1994-06-25)[25] Extension to Lambert Airport Main opens 1 3.15 mi (5.1 km)
December 23, 1998 (1998-12-23)[25] Lambert Airport East opens between existing stations 1 —
May 5, 2001 (2001-05-05)[25] Extension to College opens 8 17.4 mi (28 km)
June 23, 2003 (2003-06-23)[25] Extension to Shiloh-Scott opens 1 3.5 mi (5.6 km)
August 26, 2006 (2006-08-26)[26] Extension to Shrewsbury-Lansdowne I-44 opens 9 8 mi (13 km)
July 31, 2018 (2018-07-31)[27] Cortex opens between existing stations 1 —
Total 38 46 mi (74 km)

Current rail lines
Current MetroLink lines

Red Line
Main article: Red Line (St. Louis MetroLink)
The Gateway Arch seen from the Laclede's Landing platform.

The 38-mile (61.2 km) Red Line alignment begins at Lambert St. Louis International Airport, making stops at the Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 stations. It proceeds through Kinloch before reaching the North Hanley station near Bel-Ridge. It stops twice at the University of Missouri St. Louis in Normandy: UMSL North and UMSL South. It heads south on the former Wabash/Norfolk & Western Railroad's Union Depot line that once brought passenger trains from Ferguson to Union Station. It travels into Pagedale, stopping at the Rock Road station and then at Wellston's namesake station on Plymouth Street. From here, the Red Line crosses the St. Louis City/County boundary at Skinker Boulevard, making a stop at the Delmar Loop station, which serves the Delmar Loop area and is located just below the Wabash Railroad's old Delmar Station building. At the following station, Forest Park-DeBaliviere, the Red Line meets the Blue Line. From this station, the two services share track until the Blue Line terminates at the Fairview Heights station in Illinois. From Fairview Heights, the Red Line continues south, serving Belleville, Illinois, and then terminating at the Shiloh-Scott station near Scott Air Force Base. For the rest of the Red Line, see the "Shared alignment" section.

Blue Line
Main article: Blue Line (St. Louis MetroLink)
A Blue Line train passes through downtown Clayton along Forest Park Parkway.

The 24-mile (38.6 km) Blue Line alignment starts at the Shrewsbury-Lansdowne I-44 station in Shrewsbury, just west of the River des Peres. It crosses over Interstate 44 and continues north to two stations in Maplewood, Missouri (Sunnen and Maplewood/Manchester). The line continues north to the Brentwood I-64 station in Brentwood, Missouri, just south of Interstate 64. It then proceeds in a tunnel underneath Interstate 64, continuing to the Richmond Heights station, which serves the Saint Louis Galleria shopping mall. The line then proceeds through a sharp turn east to the Clayton station in the median of Forest Park Parkway in Clayton, Missouri, where it serves the Central Business District of St. Louis County. It heads east to the Forsyth station where it enters a tunnel to the University City-Big Bend subway station. After crossing the St. Louis City/County boundary, the Blue Line stops at the Skinker subway station, the last stop serving nearby Washington University. At the following station, Forest Park-DeBaliviere, the Blue Line meets the Red Line. From this station, the two services share track until the Blue Line terminates at the Fairview Heights station in Illinois.

Shared alignment

From the Forest Park-DeBaliviere station, the Red and Blue lines share tracks for 16 stations.[28] Continuing east, the Central West End station serves the Washington University Medical Center including Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Children's hospitals. The next station, Cortex, was built to serve the Cortex Innovation Community. From here is the Grand station, located under the Grand Boulevard viaduct, which serves Saint Louis University and its namesake hospital. Trains then pass under the Jefferson Avenue viaduct before they enter the next stop at Union Station, located partially beneath the historic train shed at the popular St. Louis Union Station. A short distance later, trains stop at the Civic Center station and connect with the Gateway Transportation Center and Enterprise Center. Trains then continue east along Interstate 64 turning north toward the Stadium station. Stadium station serves Busch Stadium, Cupples Station, and the popular Ballpark Village district. Here, the line enters the historic St. Louis Freight Tunnel that was built in 1874 and converted to light rail usage beginning in 1991.[29] The next station is 8th & Pine, a subway station located under 8th Street serving the Central Business District. Following a curve eastward under Washington Avenue, the line then enters the Convention Center subway station serving the Dome and convention facilities at America's Center. It then exits the tunnel and makes stops on both sides of the historic Eads Bridge, first at the Laclede's Landing station and then the East Riverfront station in East St. Louis, Illinois. From there, it runs at-grade serving the 5th & Missouri, Emerson Park, Jackie Joyner-Kersee Center and Washington Park stations until the Blue Line terminates at the Fairview Heights station in Fairview Heights, Illinois. From here, Red Line trains continue to their terminus at the Shiloh-Scott station in Shiloh, Illinois.

Rolling stock
Ewing Yard

MetroLink operates 87 Siemens SD-400 and SD-460 light rail vehicles. Each 90-foot (27 m), single articulated vehicle has four high platform doors per side and can hold 72 seated and 106 standing passengers.[30][31] The cars are powered by an electric motor which gets its electricity from a catenary wire with a 750-volt supply.[32]

Each car has an enclosed operator cab at each end. This configuration is the most flexible for operations but prevents travel between cars. Each car has separate doors for boarding at station level and track level; in normal operations, the track-level doors (equipped with stairs) are unused.

In 2026, Metro plans to begin phasing out the original SD-400 cars and to refurbish the SD-460 cars for continued use.[33] In May 2023, Metro received a $196.2 million federal grant to purchase up to 48 Siemens S200 high-floor light rail vehicles to replace 25 of the oldest cars.[34]

Metro operates two storage and maintenance facilities. Ewing Yard sits between the Grand and Union Station stops just west of downtown St. Louis; 29th Street Yard is located between the JJK Center and Washington Park stops in East St. Louis.

Roster
Unit TypeYear BuiltQuantityNumbers[35]
Siemens SD4001991–199331[36]1001–1031
Siemens SD4601999102001–2010
2000243001–3024
2004–2005224001–4022
Siemens S200 Deliveries to begin in 2026[34]

Fares
Interior of a MetroLink light-rail vehicle.

MetroLink uses a proof-of-payment system. Tickets can be purchased at ticket-vending machines at the entrance to all stations and must be validated before boarding the train. Single-ride tickets are good for up to two hours in the direction that a passenger initially boards.[12] Some fares, such as monthly or weekly fares, do not need to be validated, but passengers must have the pass in their possession while riding and must show the pass to security personnel upon request. Reduced fares can be purchased by seniors ages 65+, people with disabilities, and children ages 5–12. Up to three children under 5 may ride free with a fare-paying rider. Proof of age may be requested of all people riding with reduced fares. Other types of passes include a Semester Pass for full-time students.[37]

In 2018, Metro introduced the Gateway Card, a multi-use smart card that was intended to eliminate most paper passes and tickets. In 2023, Metro announced that it would replace the Gateway Card—one Bi-State official called it a "failed system"—with a new fare collection system as part of the Secure Platform Plan.[38]

Secure Platform Plan

In 2024, Metro Transit will begin adding turnstiles at all MetroLink stations as part of its $52 million Secure Platform Plan (SPP). Stations will also receive a new fare collection system, additional fencing, passenger assist telephones, and cameras monitored from a new real-time camera center.[39]

The SPP will be implemented in six phases of four to eight stations apiece. The first two phases are slated for completion in 2024 and the rest in 2025. The first phase covers four Illinois stations; the second, seven Missouri stations.[39] On September 26, 2023, Millstone Weber LLC was awarded a $6.4 million contract for the first phase with completion expected in spring 2024.[40]

Projects in progress

MidAmerica Airport

In 2019, the St. Clair County Transit District was awarded $96 million in Illinois infrastructure funding to build a 5.2-mile (8.4 km) extension of the Red Line from Shiloh-Scott to MidAmerica St. Louis Airport in Mascoutah.[41] This extension will include a 2.6-mile (4.2 km) double-track segment, a single-track segment of the same length, and a passenger station at the airport.[42] Design work was completed in the summer of 2022; construction began in 2023. Metro expects to begin operations in 2025.[43][44]

Infrastructure Improvements

In 2023, Metro began a system-wide rehabilitation program that will last up to two years.[45] That spring, Metro began rehabilitating the downtown subway tunnels, including the Laclede's Landing, Convention Center and 8th & Pine subway stations.[46] Elsewhere, curve tracks, catenary wire, system conduit, staircases and retaining walls are to be upgraded or replaced.[47] Three stations are to receive platform rehabilitations: Jackie Joyner-Kersee Center, Rock Road and Wellston.[47]

Beginning in 2024, Metro will begin to rehabilitate the Union Station tunnel, the Cross County tunnels, and stations between Forsyth and Skinker. A storage siding will be added near the Richmond Heights station.[47] In 2024, Metro expects to complete upgrades to the Supervisory Control Automated Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Public Address/Customer Information (PA/CIS) systems. The upgraded SCADA/PA/CIS will operate as an integrated system that monitors and controls operations and will allow Metro to provide real-time arrival information to passengers, such as live displays at stations.[47]

Projects in planning

Northside/Southside - St. Louis City

  • This 5.6-mile (9.0 km) expansion would serve about 14 stations between Chippewa Street in South St. Louis and Grand Boulevard in North St. Louis running primarily on Jefferson Avenue. Proposed frequency is 10 to 20 minutes operating between 5 a.m. and 1 a.m., 7 days a week. It would provide a fixed rail upgrade to Metro's high-volume #11 (Chippewa) and #4 (Natural Bridge) bus routes.[48] On September 22nd, 2023, Bi-State Development's board recommended for approval a 4-year, $18.9 million contract with the joint venture Northside-Southside Transit Partners to provide consulting services for the design phase of the project.[49]

St. Louis County Connector

  • This extension would be a Phase II to Northside/Southside and continue from the North Grand station along Natural Bridge Avenue toward North St. Louis County. Higher-volume bus stops further west along Metro's #4 bus route support further expansion into North County.[50] In February 2023, Metro announced four routes for consideration with an LPA expected to be selected in the fall of 2023.[51]

The North-South corridor will not feature the rapid transit like characteristics of the Red and Blue lines but will be similar to other on-street light rail lines in the US, such as Houston or Phoenix, and would be separate from the rest of the system.[52] Because of this, an infill station to facilitate transfers will be constructed on the Red and Blue Lines where they intersect with the new Jefferson Avenue alignment.[53]

Previous proposals

Many of these extensions were proposed in 2010 when Metro released its 30-year long range plan, Moving Transit Forward.[54] Most are defunct as regional leadership has said their priorities are the proposed MetroLink extensions in the city of St. Louis and North St. Louis County.[55]

NorthSide - Downtown to Florissant Valley Community College

  • This 12-mile (19 km) extension would have run north from downtown St. Louis to the Florissant Valley Community College. A study for this extension was completed in 2008 and a Locally Preferred Alternative (LPA) was selected. The LPA would have begun in downtown St. Louis, traveling west on Delmar Boulevard to Jefferson Avenue, north on Jefferson to Natural Bridge Avenue then west on Natural Bridge to Goodfellow Boulevard. It would then travel north on Goodfellow to West Florissant Avenue and follow West Florissant to Florissant Valley Community College.[56] See "Projects in planning" section for updated plans as of 2023.

SouthSide - Downtown to Bayless

  • This 9 to 17-mile (14-27 km) extension would run south from downtown St. Louis to Bayless at Interstate 55. A study for this extension was completed in 2008 and an LPA selected. The LPA begins at the Gateway Transportation Center at 14th Street & Spruce Street, continues south on 14th to Chouteau Avenue, then traveling west on Chouteau to Jefferson Avenue. It would then travel south on Jefferson to Meramec Street, where it would follow the Interstate 55 right-of-way to a terminus at Bayless Ave.[57]

Cross County Corridors

Daniel Boone - Clayton to Maryland Heights/Westport & Chesterfield

  • A 12-mile (19 km) extension to Chesterfield would have been a potential Phase II of the Daniel Boone Corridor. The alignment would have headed west from Westport Plaza and crossed over Interstate 270 in Maryland Heights. It would have then run along the Page Avenue Extension (Highway 364) until it turned towards Creve Coeur Lake Memorial Park. It then would have headed westward to Spirit of St. Louis Airport in the Chesterfield Valley.[60] This alignment has not been given serious consideration because of its perceived low ridership potential.

MetroNorth - Clayton to Florissant

  • This 12-mile (19 km) extension would have extended the current Blue Line from Clayton towards North County and into Florissant, Missouri. Like the Daniel Boone line, some of it will follow along the old Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis "Central Belt" right-of-way paralleling I-170.[60]

MetroSouth - Shrewsbury to Butler Hill

  • This 12-mile (19 km) extension would have extended the current Blue Line from its terminus in Shrewsbury, Missouri, further into South County beyond Interstates 270/255 to Butler Hill Road. An environmental impact study was completed in 2004; however, selection of an LPA was deferred due to the lack of local funding sources as well as other factors.[61]

St. Charles County Corridor

Madison County Corridors
Main article: List of St. Louis MetroLink stations

See also

References
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