List of Muslim states and dynasties

This article includes a list of successive Islamic states and Muslim dynasties beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the early Muslim conquests that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula, and continuing through to the present day.

The first-ever establishment of an Islamic polity goes back to the Islamic State of Medina, which was established by Muhammad in the city of Medina in 622 CE. Following his death in 632 CE, his immediate successors established the Rashidun Caliphate, which was further succeeded by the Umayyad Caliphate and later the Abbasid Caliphate.

While the primary caliphates gradually fractured and fell, other Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Islamic empires, such as the Ottoman Empire centered around Anatolia, the Safavid Empire of Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India.

By land area

No Dynasty/State Land area Today part of Period
1 Abbasid Caliphate 11.1m² Km IraqIraq
 Saudi Arabia
 Syria
 Iran
 Egypt
 Yemen
 Algeria
 Oman
 Bahrain
 Qatar
 United Arab Emirates
 Jordan
 Lebanon
 Palestine
 Russia
 Israel
 Libya
 Tunisia
 Pakistan
 Azerbaijan
 Turkey
 Armenia
 Kuwait
 Afghanistan
 Tajikistan
 Uzbekistan
 Kazakhstan
 Turkmenistan
 Kyrgyzstan
 Cyprus
 Georgia
750–1258

1261–1517

2 Umayyad Caliphate 11.1m² Km IraqIraq
 Saudi Arabia
 Syria
 Iran
 Egypt
 Yemen
 Algeria
 Oman
 Bahrain
 Qatar
 United Arab Emirates
 France
 Spain
 Portugal
 Morocco
 Western Sahara
 Jordan
 Lebanon
 Palestine
 Israel
 Uzbekistan
 Kyrgyzstan
 Libya
 Russia
 Tunisia
 Pakistan
 Azerbaijan
 Turkey
 Armenia
 Kuwait
 Afghanistan
 Tajikistan
 Cyprus
 Georgia
661–750
3 Rashidun Caliphate 6.4m² Km IraqIraq
 Saudi Arabia
 Syria
 Iran
 Egypt
 Yemen
 Algeria
 Oman
 Bahrain
 Qatar
 United Arab Emirates
 Jordan
 Lebanon
 Palestine
 Israel
 Libya
 Tunisia
 Pakistan
 Azerbaijan
 Turkey
 Armenia
 Kuwait
 Afghanistan
632–661
4  Golden Horde 6.0m² Km  Russia
 Ukraine
 Kazakhstan
 Kyrgyzstan
 Hungary
 Armenia
 Georgia
 Azerbaijan
 Poland
 Moldova
1313–1502 (Islamic)
5  Ottoman Empire 5.2m² Km  Turkey
 Greece
 Egypt
 Syria
 Albania
 Lebanon
 Armenia
 Algeria
 Hungary
 Bulgaria
 Iraq
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Cyprus
 Russia
 Ukraine
 Saudi Arabia
 Iran
 Libya
 Palestine
 Israel
 Jordan
 Romania
 Sudan
 Somalia
 Ethiopia
 Djibouti
 Yemen
 Kuwait
 Tunisia
 Azerbaijan
 Georgia
 Moldova
 Slovenia
 Slovakia
 Poland
 Serbia
 Kosovo
 Bulgaria
 Croatia
 North Macedonia
 Eritrea
 Montenegro
1299–1922
6 Timurid empire 4.4m² Km  Uzbekistan
 China
 Pakistan
 Iran
 Afghanistan
 India
 Azerbaijan
 Armenia
 Russia
 Georgia
 Syria
 Iraq
 Kyrgyzstan
 Kazakhstan
 Turkmenistan
 Tajikistan
 Turkey
1370–1507
7  Fatimid Caliphate 4.1m² Km  Egypt
 Palestine
 Lebanon
 Jordan
 Algeria
 Morocco
 Tunisia
 Libya
 Saudi Arabia
 Iraq
 Syria
 Turkey
 Italy
 Sudan
 Israel
 Chad
 Niger
909–1171
8 Mughal Empire 4.0m² Km  Pakistan
 India
 Bangladesh
 Afghanistan
 Iran
 Tajikistan
 Myanmar
1526–1857
9 Seljuk Empire 3.9m² Km  Iran
 Syria
 Iraq
 Oman
 United Arab Emirates
 Bahrain
 Qatar
 Afghanistan
 Tajikistan
 Turkmenistan
 Turkey
 Lebanon
 Palestine
 Israel
 Jordan
 Azerbaijan
 Georgia
1037–1194
10 Ilkhanate 3.75m² Km  Iran
 Syria
 Turkey
 Azerbaijan
 Pakistan
 Afghanistan
 Tajikistan
 Armenia
 Georgia
 Turkmenistan
1295–1335 (Islamic)
11 Khwarazmian Empire 3.6m² Km  Iran
 Azerbaijan
 China
 Pakistan
 Afghanistan
 Turkmenistan
 Tajikistan
 Uzbekistan
 Kyrgyzstan
 Kazakhstan
12 Chagatai Khanate 3.5m² Km  China
 Uzbekistan
 Turkmenistan
 Kazakhstan
 Kyrgyzstan
 Afghanistan
 Mongolia
 Russia
1347-1660 (Islamic)
13 Ghaznavid Empire 3.4m² Km  Afghanistan
 Iran
 Pakistan
 India
 Turkmenistan
 China
 Tajikistan
 Kyrgyzstan
 Uzbekistan
977–1186
14 Delhi Sultanate 3.2m²km  India
 Pakistan
 Bangladesh
 Afghanistan
   Nepal
1206–1526
15 Safavid Empire 2.9m² Km  Iran
 Afghanistan
 Azerbaijan
 Pakistan
 Tajikistan
 Iraq
 Syria
1501–1736
16 Samanid Dynasty 2.85m² Km  Afghanistan
 Pakistan
 Iran
 Tajikistan
 Turkmenistan
 Uzbekistan
819–999
17 Saffarid Dynasty 2.85m² Km  Afghanistan
 Pakistan
 Iran
 Tajikistan
 Turkmenistan
 Uzbekistan
861–1003

Middle East and North Africa

Mesopotamia and Levant (Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria)

Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf

Saudi Arabia

Bahrain

Qatar

Kuwait

United Arab Emirates

Oman

Yemen

Regional

North Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia)

Algeria

Egypt

Tunisia

Morocco

Libya

Horn of Africa

Somalia

Ethiopia

Eritrea

Djibouti

Persian Plateau

Iran

Shah Ismail I, founder of Safavid dynasty

Anatolia (Turkey)

Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha

Azerbaijan

Armenia

Georgia

Caucasus

Afghanistan

Indian subcontinent

Bangladesh

Pakistan

India

Southern Europe

Spain & Portugal

France

Umayyad Caliph of Cordova

Italy

Gibraltar

  • Gibraltar Maghreb (711-1462)

Sahel and Subsaharan Africa

Sudan, South Sudan

Mauritania

Niger

Nigeria

Mali

Regional

Cameroon

Benin

Burkina Faso

Chad

Central African Republic

Côte d'Ivoire

Ghana

Senegambia

Gambia

Guinea

Guinea Bissau

Togo

Sierra Leone

East Africa ("Swahili Coast")

Tanzania

Kenya

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Malawi

Mozambique

  • Angoche Sultanate (1485–1910)
  • Kitangonya Sheikhdom (1750–1906)
  • Sankul Sheikhdom (1753–1910)

Indian Ocean Region

Maldives

Mayotte

Comoros

Madagascar

Eastern Europe (Balkan Region)

Ukraine, Moldova

Romania, Bulgaria

Greece

Albania

Ural Region, Siberia (Russia)

Central Asia, East Asia

Transoxania (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan)

China

Southeast Asia

Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia

Philippines

Approximate extent of the Muslim Sultanates in the Philippines

Thailand

Indochina

  • Kingdom of Champa (11th century–1832)

See also

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