2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries

2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
	February to June 2024
3,774 delegates to the Democratic National Convention; 1,888 delegates needed to win; [lower-alpha 1]
	Opinion polls
	First place by first-instance vote
Previous Democratic nominee; Joe Biden;	; ;

Presidential primaries and caucuses are being organized by the Democratic Party to select the delegates to the 2024 Democratic National Convention, to determine the party's nominee for president in the 2024 United States presidential election. The elections will take place in all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, five U.S. territories, and Democrats Abroad, and will be held between February and June that year.[1] Incumbent President Joe Biden is running for re-election with Vice President Kamala Harris as his running mate.[2] Biden maintains a significant lead in polls,[3] and no incumbent president in modern history has lost renomination.[4][5]

While Biden had repeatedly expressed his intent to run for re-election since 2021, there was speculation in the first two years of his presidency that he might not seek re-election due to his age and low approval ratings.[6][7] Additionally, Biden had indicated prior to his election in 2020 that he would only serve a single term.[8] Prominent Democrats including Carolyn Maloney,[9] Joe Cunningham[10] and Tim Ryan[11] had publicly said Biden should not run. There had also been speculation that Biden may face a primary challenge from a member of the Democratic Party's progressive faction,[12][13] which was proven true when Marianne Williamson declared her candidacy in March 2023.[14] Anti-vaccine activist, environmental attorney, and conspiracy theorist Robert F. Kennedy Jr.[15] declared his campaign in April 2023,[16] before withdrawing from the Democratic primaries in October and declaring an independent presidential run.[17]

After Democrats outperformed expectations in the 2022 midterm elections, many believed the chances that Biden would run for and win his party's nomination had increased.[18] On April 25, 2023, Biden announced via a video that he would be running for re-election.[19]

Candidates

As of October 2023, more than 170 candidates have filed with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) to run for the Democratic nomination in 2024.[20] In previous cycles, the majority of these candidates did not appear on any ballots, raise money, or otherwise attempt to formally run a campaign.[20][21]

Declared major candidates

The candidates in this section have declared their candidacies and meet one or more of the following criteria: campaign has received substantial major media coverage; current or previous holder of significant elected office (president, vice president, governor, U.S. senator, U.S. representative); have been included in at least five national polls.

Declared major candidates for the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Name	Born	Experience	Home state	Campaign Announcement date	Ref
Joe Biden	November 20, 1942 (age 80) Scranton, Pennsylvania	President of the United States (2021–present) Vice President of the United States (2009–2017) U.S. Senator from Delaware (1973–2009)	Delaware	Campaign April 25, 2023 FEC filing[22] Website	[2]
Dean Phillips	January 20, 1969 (age 54) Saint Paul, Minnesota,	United States Representative from MN-03 (2019–present)	Minnesota	October 26, 2023 FEC filing[23]	[24]
Marianne Williamson	July 8, 1952 (age 71) Houston, Texas	Author Founder of Project Angel Food Candidate for President in 2020	California	Campaign March 4, 2023 FEC filing[25] Website	[14]

Other declared candidates

The candidates in this section are otherwise notable, but have not met the criteria outlined above.

Terrisa Bukovinac, founder of Pro-Life San Francisco and Progressive Anti-Abortion Uprising (PAAU), former president of Democrats for Life of America[26][27][28]
Joe Exotic, businessman and media personality; independent candidate for president in 2016[29]
Cenk Uygur, creator of The Young Turks, co-founder of Justice Democrats, Democratic candidate for California's 25th congressional district in 2020[30][31][lower-alpha 2]

Withdrew before the primaries

The candidates in this section have suspended their campaigns, or have otherwise ceased campaigning and ended their bids for the nomination before any primary contests were held.

Withdrawn major candidates for the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Name	Born	Experience	Home state	Campaign announced	Campaign suspended	Campaign	Ref.
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.	January 17, 1954 (age 69) Washington, D.C.	Environmental lawyer Founder of Children's Health Defense Founder of Waterkeeper Alliance Anti-vaccine activist	California	April 19, 2023	October 9, 2023 (running as an independent)	Campaign FEC filing[33][34] Website	[35][36]

Other notable individuals who were not considered major candidates and who withdrew from the race before the beginning of the primary season include:

Jerome Segal, research scholar and Bread and Roses Party nominee for president in 2020 (running for U.S. Senate in Maryland)[37][38]

Decision pending

As of October 2023, the following notable individual is expected to make a decision regarding their official candidacy within a set timeline.

Joe Manchin, United States Senator from West Virginia (2010–present), 34th Governor of West Virginia (2005–2010), 27th West Virginia Secretary of State (2001–2005), member of the West Virginia Senate from the 13th district (1986–1996), member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 31st district (1982–1986)[39][40] (decision expected in late 2023)[41]

U.S. Senator
Joe Manchin
from West Virginia

Declined to be candidates

The following notable individuals have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacy, but have publicly denied interest in running.

Stacey Abrams, founder of Fair Fight Action, Minority Leader of the Georgia House of Representatives (2011–2017) from the 89th district (2007–2017), nominee for Governor of Georgia in 2018 and 2022[42][43]
Eric Adams, 110th Mayor of New York City (2022–present)[44][45] (endorsed Biden)[46]
Tammy Baldwin, United States Senator from Wisconsin (2013–present), United States Representative from WI-02 (1999–2013)[47][48] (running for re-election)[49]
Andy Beshear, 63rd Governor of Kentucky (2019–present), 50th Attorney General of Kentucky (2016–2019)[50] (running for re-election)[51][52]
Cory Booker, United States Senator from New Jersey (2013–present), 38th Mayor of Newark, New Jersey (2006–2013), member of the Municipal Council of Newark (1998–2002), candidate for president in 2020[53][54] (endorsed Biden)
Sherrod Brown, United States Senator from Ohio (2007–present), United States Representative from OH-13 (1993–2007), 47th Secretary of State of Ohio (1983–1991)[55] (running for re-election)[56] (endorsed Biden)[57]
Pete Buttigieg, 19th United States Secretary of Transportation (2021–present), 32nd Mayor of South Bend, Indiana (2012–2020), candidate for president in 2020[53][58] (endorsed Biden)
Hillary Clinton, 67th United States Secretary of State (2009–2013), United States Senator from New York (2001–2009), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001), First Lady of Arkansas (1979–1981, 1983–1992), Democratic presidential nominee in 2016, candidate for president in 2008[59] (endorsed Biden)[60]
Roy Cooper, 75th Governor of North Carolina (2017–present), 49th Attorney General of North Carolina (2001–2017), Majority Leader of the North Carolina Senate (1997–2001) from the 10th district (1991–2001), member of the North Carolina House of Representatives from the 72nd district (1987–1991)[61] (endorsed Biden)
Jamie Dimon, Chairman and CEO of JPMorgan Chase[62][63]
Al Gore, 45th Vice President of the United States (1993–2001), United States Senator from Tennessee (1985–1993), United States Representative from TN-06 (1977–1985), Democratic presidential nominee in 2000, candidate for president in 1988[64][65]
Jay Inslee, 23rd Governor of Washington (2013–present), United States Representative from WA-01 (1993–1995, 1999–2012), candidate for president in 2020[66][67]
Ro Khanna, United States Representative from CA-17 (2017–present)[68][69] (endorsed Biden)[70]
Amy Klobuchar, United States Senator from Minnesota (2007–present), County Attorney of Hennepin County (1999–2007), candidate for president in 2020[71] (running for re-election)[72]
Wes Moore, 63rd Governor of Maryland (2023–present)[73] (endorsed Biden)[74]
Chris Murphy, United States Senator from Connecticut (2013–present), United States Representative from CT-05 (2007–2013), member of the Connecticut State Senate from the 16th district (2003–2007), member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 81st district (1999–2003)[75][76] (running for re-election)[77]
Phil Murphy, 56th Governor of New Jersey (2018–present), United States Ambassador to Germany (2009–2013), Finance Chair of the Democratic National Committee (2006–2009)[43][78] (endorsed Biden)
Gavin Newsom, 40th Governor of California (2019–present), 49th Lieutenant Governor of California (2011–2019), 41st Mayor of San Francisco (2004–2011)[79][80] (endorsed Biden)
Michelle Obama, First Lady of the United States (2009–2017)[81][82]
Jared Polis, 43rd Governor of Colorado (2019–present), United States Representative from CO-02 (2009–2019), member of the Colorado State Board of Education (2001–2007)[83][84]
J. B. Pritzker, 43rd Governor of Illinois (2019–present)[43][85] (endorsed Biden)
Bernie Sanders, United States Senator from Vermont (2007–present), United States Representative from VT-AL (1991–2007), 37th Mayor of Burlington (1981–1989), candidate for president in 2016 and 2020 (endorsed Biden)[86]
Adam Schiff, United States Representative from CA-30 (2001–present)[87][88] (running for U.S. Senate)[89]
Jon Stewart, host of The Problem with Jon Stewart (2021–present), host of The Daily Show (1999–2015)[90][91]
Elizabeth Warren, United States Senator from Massachusetts (2013–present), candidate for president in 2020[92][93] (endorsed Biden)
Gretchen Whitmer, 49th Governor of Michigan (2019–present), Ingham County Prosecuting Attorney (2016), Minority Leader of the Michigan Senate (2011–2015) from the 23rd district (2006–2015), member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the 69th district (2001–2006)[94][95] (endorsed Biden)

Vice presidential speculation

Kamala Harris, incumbent vice president

On January 19, 2022, President Biden confirmed that Vice President Kamala Harris will be his running mate in 2024 in his re-election campaign.[96]

Some Democrats expressed skepticism about Biden choosing Harris again as his running mate, as she has also seen similar low approval ratings to Biden. In January 2023, U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren said in a radio interview that she supported Biden's reelection bid, but stopped short of supporting Harris.[97] She later clarified her position, saying she supported the Biden–Harris ticket.[98]

Primaries and caucus calendar

The following primary and caucus dates have been scheduled by state statutes or state party decisions, but are subject to change pending legislation, state party delegate selection plans, or the decisions of state secretaries of state: [99]

January 15: Iowa caucuses[100] (presidential preference results to be released on March 5)[101]
February 3: South Carolina primary
February 6: Nevada primary
February 6 (tentative): New Hampshire primary
February 27: Michigan primary
March 5: Super Tuesday (Alabama, Arkansas, American Samoa, California, Colorado, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont and Virginia primaries)
March 12: Democrats Abroad, Georgia, Mississippi, and Washington primaries, and Northern Mariana Islands caucuses
March 19: Arizona, Florida, Illinois, Kansas and Ohio primaries
March 23: Louisiana and Missouri primaries
April 2: Delaware, New York, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Wisconsin primaries
April 6: Alaska, Hawaii, and North Dakota primaries
April 13: Wyoming county caucuses
April 23: Pennsylvania primary
April 28: Puerto Rico primary
May 7: Indiana primary
May 14: Maryland, Nebraska and West Virginia primaries
May 21: Kentucky and Oregon primaries
May 23: Idaho county caucuses
June 4: District of Columbia, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico and South Dakota primaries
June 8: Guam and United States Virgin Islands caucuses

Timeline

	Active campaign		Exploratory committee		Withdrawn candidate
	Midterm elections		Primaries		Democratic National Convention

Early developments

Biden declared his intent in January 2022 to run for re-election, keeping Kamala Harris as his running mate.[2] On September 15, he told Scott Pelley in a CBS 60 Minutes interview that he had not yet committed to run.[102] In a private conversation with civil-rights activist Al Sharpton on October 3, he reportedly told Sharpton that he was seeking re-election.[103] On October 11, he told Jake Tapper in an interview on CNN that he would decide whether or not to seek re-election after the 2022 midterm elections.[104]

Throughout 2022, several prominent Democrats publicly urged Biden not to run for a second term. On June 23, shortly after winning the Democratic nomination in the South Carolina gubernatorial race, former U.S. Representative Joe Cunningham told CNN that he believed Biden would be too old by the end of his second term and should not run in 2024. CNN pointed out that Biden had endorsed Cunningham in his 2018 and 2020 campaigns.[10] In July, U.S. Representative Dean Phillips of Minnesota said he believed that Democrats should nominate someone from a younger generation in 2024, and fellow Minnesota Representative Angie Craig agreed with him the following week.[11] On August 1, then-U.S. Representative Carolyn Maloney told The New York Times that she thought Biden should not run in 2024 and that she believed he would not run. She later apologized and said that he should run again, though she reiterated her belief that he would not.[9] In September, U.S. Representative and Ohio U.S. Senate nominee Tim Ryan similarly called for a "generational move" away from Biden during an interview with a local TV station; Forbes Magazine noted that Biden, who had endorsed Ryan, headlined a rally with him just hours after the interview aired.[11]

Primary calendar changes

On February 4, 2023, the Democratic National Committee approved a new 2024 primary calendar, moving South Carolina to hold its race first on February 3, followed by Nevada and New Hampshire on February 6, Georgia on February 13, and Michigan on February 27. Iowa, which traditionally goes first, would then be held later in the primary season. This vote was preceded by a December 2022 vote of the DNC Rules and Bylaws Committee, held after a letter from President Biden requesting the change was released.[105] DNC members who supported this new plan say this will give a better representation of Democratic voters' preference during the early months of the campaign.

Members of the Iowa Democratic Party and the New Hampshire Democratic Party opposed the move since they would no longer be the first two states to hold their races. Democratic officials from New Hampshire and Georgia also note that moving their primaries to comply with the new calendar would require changing their respective state laws (New Hampshire state law mandates them to hold the first primary in the country, while Georgia state law requires them to hold both the Democratic and Republican primaries on the same day), which is unlikely to happen since both states have governors and state legislatures controlled by Republicans.[106][107] New Hampshire governor Chris Sununu in particular criticized the DNC's plan as an "absolute joke ... It's just based on a personal preference of a candidate."[108]

Thus, the DNC originally gave Georgia and New Hampshire until June to change their primary dates.[109] In May 2023, Georgia Republican Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger denied the DNC's request for a separate February date and scheduled the Georgia primaries for March 12.[110] In June 2023, the DNC extended New Hampshire's compliance deadline to September.[111] With New Hampshire still open to defying the DNC's calendar and holding its race before South Carolina's, Biden has indicated he may not appear on the New Hampshire ballot to show solidarity with the DNC;[112] Democrats may still mount a write-in campaign to help Biden avoid the embarrassment of losing the states by default.[113] It remains unclear how the DNC will proceed, as its convention rules would penalize the state's number of delegates if they are unable to move their primary date to comply with the party's primary calendar.[109]

On October 6, the DNC and the Iowa Democratic Party reached a compromise in which the Iowa caucuses could still be held first on January 15, but they must wait until Super Tuesday, March 5, to announce the results.[114]

Debates

The Democratic National Committee has expressed full support for Biden and, as of March 2023, has no plans to host any official primary debates.[115] Williamson has criticized this decision as "rigging" and "candidate suppression."[116][117]

A June 2023 poll by USA Today and Suffolk University found that 8 in 10 Democratic voters would like to see Biden debate the other Democratic candidates. Among Biden supporters, 72% said they would like to see him debate in the primaries with other Democratic candidates.[118]

Endorsements

Joe Biden

Marianne Williamson

State legislators

Maria Perez, New Hampshire State Representative from the 43rd district, Hillsborough (2020–present), vice chair of the National Hispanic Caucus of State Legislators (Independent)[119]

Local officials

Maebe A. Girl, at-large Silver Lake Neighborhood Councilor (2019–present) and drag queen[120]

Notable individuals

Kii Arens, pop-artist, graphic designer, and director[121]
Krystal Ball, political commentator and media host; Democratic nominee for U.S. Representative from VA-01 in 2010[122]
~~Peter Daou, political activist, musician, and author.~~[123] (previously her campaign manager, now campaigning for Cornel West; Independent)
Keith David, actor[124]
Jimmy Demers, singer[125]
Steven Donziger, attorney[121]
Harvey J. Kaye, historian and sociologist (campaign advisor)[126]
Kyle Kulinski, political commentator and media host[122]
Leah McSweeney, fashion designer and TV personality[127]

Opinion polling

Aggregate polls

Aggregate polls of declared candidates in the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Source of poll aggregation	Dates administered	Dates updated	Joe Biden	Robert F. Kennedy Jr.	Marianne Williamson	Other/undecided[lower-alpha 3]	Margin
270 to Win	September 9 – October 16, 2023	October 19, 2023	62.4%	15.3%	4.6%	17.7%	47.1%
FiveThirtyEight	through October 16, 2023	October 19, 2023	62.8%	–	–	37.2%	–
Race to the WH	through October 16, 2023	October 19, 2023	64.6%	13.5%	5.5%	16.4%	51.1%
Real Clear Politics	September 8 – October 7, 2023	October 11, 2023	61.3%	14.5%	4.0%	20.2%	46.8%
Average			62.8%	14.4%	4.7%	18.1%	48.4%

Polling with declared candidates

Polling with declared candidates in the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Joe Biden	Robert F. Kennedy Jr.	Marianne Williamson	Other	Undecided	Margin
	October 26, 2023	Phillips declares his candidacy
HarrisX/The Messenger	October 16–23, 2023	1,106 (RV)	70%	–	9%	13%	9%	61%
USA Today/Suffolk	October 17–20, 2023	289 (LV)	73.0%	–	10.7%	1.0%	15.2%	62.3%
Emerson College	October 16–17, 2023	643 (RV)	70.0%	–	9.9%	–	20.1%	60.1%
Yahoo News	October 12–16, 2023	509 (LV)	68%	–	6%	4%	21%	62%
Zogby Analytics	October 13–15, 2023	424 (LV)	67.6%	14.9%	1.6%	6.4%	9.6%	52.7%
	October 9, 2023	Kennedy announces he will run as an independent
Harris X/The Messenger	October 4–7, 2023	1,080 (RV)	58%	15%	7%	7%	13%	43%
Big Village	September 29 – October 3, 2023	1,106 (RV)	61.8%	23.7%	7.2%	7.3%	–	38.1%
TIPP/I&I	September 27–29, 2023	560 (RV)	65%	14%	–	–	–	51%
Echelon Insights	September 25–28, 2023	499 (LV)	58%	18%	4%	4%	16%	40%
McLaughlin & Associates	September 22–26, 2023	432 (LV)	56%	15%	3%	–	26%	41%
Marquette University Law School	September 18–25, 2023	372 (LV)	49%	13%	4%	–	34%	36%
HarrisX/The Messenger	September 13–19, 2023	1,114 (RV)	62%	16%	6%	5%	11%	46%
Emerson College	September 17–18, 2023	457 (LV)	61.6%	14.3%	3.6%	–	20.5%	47.3%
Rasmussen	September 14–18, 2023	–	57%	25%	3%	7%	–	32%
YouGov	September 14–18, 2023	486 (RV)	68%	7%	4%	–	19%	61%
Harvard/Harris[upper-alpha 1]	September 13–14, 2023	800 (RV)	60%	15%	4%	9%	13%	45%
Ipsos/Reuters	September 8–14, 2023	2,024 (A)	67%	14%	4%	–	–	53%
Fox News	September 9–12, 2023	404 (LV)	71%	17%	6%	3%	3%	54%
Quinnipiac University	September 7–11, 2023	724 (RV)	73%	11%	8%	–	–	62%
HarrisX/The Messenger	September 6–11, 2023	1,245 (RV)	65%	11%	7%	7%	10%	54%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	September 3–4, 2023	618 (LV)	71%	9%	3%	3%[lower-alpha 4]	14%	62%
Morning Consult	August 30 – September 1, 2023	800 (RV)	76%	9%	3%	–	–	67%
I&I/TIPP	August 30 – September 1, 2023	606 (RV)	68%	10%	5%	3%	14%	58%
Echelon Insights	August 28–31, 2023	468 (RV)	57%	13%	6%	4%	20%	44%
Big Village	August 25–27, 2023	919 (A)	60.3%	19.0%	9.7%	10.9%	–	41.3%
Emerson College	August 25–26, 2023	374 (RV)	61.0%	11.5%	4.4%	–	23.0%	49.5%
HarrisX	August 24–26, 2023	763 (RV)	66%	13%	7%	5%	9%	53%
McLaughlin & Associates	August 15–23, 2023	444 (LV)	61%	12%	7%	–	21%	40%
HarrisX	August 17–21, 2023	648 (A)	64%	13%	4%	8%	11%	51%
Yahoo News/YouGov	August 17–21, 2023	495 (RV)	69%	7%	5%	2%	18%	62%
Emerson College	August 16–17, 2023	608	68.9%	8.9%	3.8%	–	18.5%	60.0%
Fox News/Beacon Research	August 11–14, 2023	399 (RV)	64%	17%	9%	–	–	47%
RMG Research	August 11–14, 2023	–	64%	13%	4%	7%[lower-alpha 5]	9%	51%
Quinnipiac University	August 10–14, 2023	666 (RV)	72%	13%	9%	1%	3%	59%
I&I/TIPP	August 2–4, 2023	615 (RV)	63%	15%	4%	3%	15%	48%
Echelon Insights	July 24–27, 2023	500 (LV)	62%	16%	5%	4%	14%	46%
The New York Times/Siena College	July 23–27, 2023	296 (LV)	64%	13%	10%	1%	12%	51%
Big Village	July 24–26, 2023	922 (A)	62.6%	19.8%	9.1%	8.4%	–	42.8%
McLaughlin & Associates	July 19–24, 2023	428 (LV)	65%	13%	3%	–	19%	52%
Harvard-Harris	July 19–20, 2023	–	62%	16%	5%	5%	11%	46%
Quinnipiac University	July 13–17, 2023	727 (RV)	71%	14%	7%	1%	5%	57%
Yahoo News	July 13–17, 2023	494	69%	7%	5%	2%	17%	62%
Reuters/Ipsos	July 11–17, 2023	2,044 (RV)	63%	15%	4%	3%	14%	48%
I&I/TIPP	July 5–7, 2023	–	60%	16%	5%	5%	14%	44%
Echelon Insights	June 26–29, 2023	511 (LV)	65%	14%	5%	6%	11%	51%
Fox News	June 23–26, 2023	391	64%	17%	10%	4%	6%	47%
Emerson College	June 19–20, 2023	441 (RV)	72.5%	14.6%	2.5%	10.4%	–	57.9%
YouGov	June 16–20, 2023	–	70%	7%	3%	2%	18%	63%
Harvard-Harris	June 14–15, 2023	2,090 (RV)	62%	15%	4%	8%	12%	47%
The Messenger/HarrisX	June 14–15, 2023	381 (RV)	54%	14%	5%	10%	17%	40%
Big Village	June 9–14, 2023	916 (RV)	60.0%	18.3%	11.2%	10.5%	–	41.7%
Quinnipiac University	June 8–12, 2023	722 (RV)	70%	17%	8%	–	–	53%
USA Today/Suffolk	June 5–9, 2023	293 (RV)	58%	15%	6%	–	21%	43%
I&I/TIPP	May 31 – June 2, 2023	638 (RV)	68%	12%	4%	4%	12%	56%
YouGov	May 25–30, 2023	467 (RV)	62%	12%	5%	–	19%	50%
Big Village	May 26–28, 2023	425 (LV)	58.8%	19.0%	10.6%	11.6%	–	39.8%
Echelon Insights	May 22–25, 2023	538 (LV)	60%	14%	5%	2%	19%	46%
Fox News	May 19–22, 2023	1001 (RV)	62%	16%	8%	6%	8%	46%
CNN	May 17–20, 2023	432 (RV)	60%	20%	8%	13%	–	40%
Marquette Law School	May 8–18, 2023	312 (RV)	53%	12%	7%	–	28%	41%
YouGov	May 5–8, 2023	480 (RV)	67%	10%	6%	–	17%	57%
Rasmussen Reports	May 3–7, 2023	910 (LV)	62%	19%	4%	15%	–	43%
Change Research	April 28 – May 2, 2023	1,208 (LV)	65%	11%	11%	11%	2%	55%
Echelon Insights	April 25–27, 2023	513 (LV)	66%	10%	2%	5%	17%	56%
Emerson College Polling	April 24–25, 2023	1,100 (RV)	70%	21%	8%	–	–	49%
	April 25, 2023	Biden declares his candidacy
Fox News	April 21–24, 2023	1,004 (RV)	62%	19%	9%	–	10%	43%
Suffolk University	April 19, 2023	600 (LV)	67%	14%	5%	–	13%	53%
Morning Consult	April 7–9, 2023	827 (LV)	70%	10%	4%	8%	8%	60%
	April 5, 2023	Kennedy declares his candidacy
Echelon Insights[lower-alpha 6]	March 27–29, 2023	370 (LV)	73%	–	10%	17%	–	63%
Morning Consult	March 3–5, 2023	826 (LV)	77%	–	4%	9%	10%	73%
	March 4, 2023	Williamson declares her candidacy

Hypothetical polling

This section lists polling with hypothetical candidates, which was conducted between 2020 and April 2023, before the presidential candidacies were declared.

Polls including Joe Biden

Hypothetical polls including Joe Biden
Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Stacey Abrams	Joe Biden	Pete Buttigieg	Kamala Harris	Amy Klobuchar	Gavin Newsom	Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez	Bernie Sanders	Elizabeth Warren	Other
	April 25, 2023	Biden declares his candidacy
Big Village	April 19–23, 2023	902 (A)	–	32%	7%	15%	3%	5%	6%	13%	4%	13%[lower-alpha 7]
Harris Poll & HarrisX	April 18–19, 2023	683 (RV)	3%	37%	6%	10%	2%	4%	2%	8%	4%	11%[lower-alpha 8]
Legar	April 6–10, 2023	368 (A)	–	27%	7%	10%	2%	7%	–	12%	6%	7%[lower-alpha 9]
Big Village	March 29–31, 2023	445 (A)	–	36%	7%	15%	2%	4%	5%	13%	8%	7%[lower-alpha 10]
Harris Poll & HarrisX	March 22–23, 2023	2,905 (RV)	2%	41%	5%	11%	2%	3%	3%	7%	4%	10%[lower-alpha 11]
Big Village	March 15–17, 2023	434 (A)	–	33%	5%	17%	5%	5%	6%	15%	7%	4%
Yahoo! News Survey/You Gov	February 23–27, 2023	1,516 (LV)	–	53%	–	22%	–	–	–	–	–	25%
McLaughlin & Associates	February 17–23, 2023	442 (LV)	–	26%	7%	6%	2%	3%	3%	8%	4%	41%[lower-alpha 12]
Big Village	February 15–17, 2023	437 (A)	–	34%	9%	13%	3%	6%	7%	13%	7%	8% [lower-alpha 13]
Harris Poll	February 15–16, 2023	–	2%	36%	6%	15%	2%	4%	4%	8%	3%	20% [lower-alpha 14]
Léger	February 10–13, 2023	354 (A)	–	25%	10%	10%	1%	6%	–	14%	4%	30% [lower-alpha 15]
Ipsos	February 6–13, 2023	1,786 (RV)	–	35%	10%	12%	–	5%	–	13%	5%	20% [lower-alpha 16]
McLaughlin & Associates	January 19–24, 2023	442 (LV)	0%	25%	7%	6%	2%	7%	5%	5%	4%	40%[lower-alpha 17]
Big Village	January 18–20, 2023	447 (A)	–	34.3%	9.0%	14.0%	3.9%	5.2%	5.4%	13.2%	5.7%	9.3%[lower-alpha 18]
Harris Poll	January 18–19, 2023	–	3%	35%	5%	12%	3%	3%	3%	11%	3%	25%[lower-alpha 19]
YouGov	January 14–17, 2023	618 (A)	–	39%	10%	8%	–	6%	–	13%	–	26%[lower-alpha 20]
YouGov	January 5–9, 2023	442 (A)	–	31%	11%	9%	4%	6%	–	14%	9%	9%[lower-alpha 21]
Big Village	January 4–6, 2023	477 (A)	–	32.9%	8.7%	16.0%	–	–	–	12.5%	–	29.9%[lower-alpha 22]
Big Village	December 16–18, 2022	466 (A)	–	37.2%	9.8%	15.8%	–	–	–	10.1%	–	27.1%[lower-alpha 23]
Harris Poll	December 14–15, 2022	685 (RV)	3%	36%	6%	10%	3%	–	5%	7%	3%	27%[lower-alpha 24]
Harris Poll	December 14–15, 2022	685 (RV)	3%	36%	6%	10%	3%	–	5%	7%	3%	27%[lower-alpha 25]
McLaughlin & Associates	December 9–14, 2022	455 (RV)	–	22%	6%	8%	2%	3%	4%	8%	2%	42%[lower-alpha 26]
Marist College	December 6–8, 2022	519 (RV)	–	35%	16%	17%	–	–	–	–	–	32%
Big Village	November 30 – December 2, 2022	452 (A)	–	35%	9%	15%	4%	4%	5%	13%	7%	4%[lower-alpha 27]
Cornell University Collaborative Midterm Survey	October 26 – November 25, 2022	4,079 (A)	–	27%	14%	15%	6%	11%	8%	12%	–	7%[lower-alpha 28]
Ipsos	November 9–21, 2022	569 (LV)	5%	15%	10%	11%	3%	5%	4%	7%	5%	35%[lower-alpha 29]
Emerson College	November 18–19, 2022	591 (RV)	–	42%	9%	17%	–	6%	–	12%	7%	4%[lower-alpha 30]
Big Village	November 16–18, 2022	454 (A)	–	39%	8%	14%	–	–	–	11%	6%	–
Harris Poll	November 16–17, 2022	–	3%	35%	6%	13%	3%	–	4%	9%	3%	24%[lower-alpha 31]
Zogby Analytics	November 9–11, 2022	859 (LV)	2%	41%	9%	11%	–	10%	6%	13%	9%	–
Big Village	November 9–10, 2022	446 (A)	–	39%	16%	25%	–	–	–	16%	–	–
	November 8, 2022	2022 midterm elections
Big Village	November 2–4, 2022	356 (LV)	–	42%	19%	19%	–	–	–	16%	–	–
Big Village	November 2–4, 2022	444 (A)	–	40%	16%	21%	–	–	–	18%	–	–
Big Village	October 31 – November 2, 2022	378 (LV)	–	41%	13%	21%	–	–	–	19%	–	–
Big Village	October 31 – November 2, 2022	488 (A)	–	39%	12%	22%	–	–	–	22%	–	–
YouGov	October 11–26, 2022	1,860 (RV)	–	42%	14%	14%	–	7%	12%	–	–	1%[lower-alpha 32]
YouGov	October 17–19, 2022	–	–	29%	13%	9%	–	–	7%	14%	8%	10%[lower-alpha 33]
McLaughlin & Associates	October 12–17, 2022	474 (LV)	3%	27%	4%	9%	1%	3%	3%	8%	2%	40%[lower-alpha 34]
Harris Poll	October 12–13, 2022	744 (RV)	3%	37%	6%	13%	1%	–	4%	6%	3%	13%[lower-alpha 35]
Big Village	October 5–7, 2022	362 (RV)	–	44%	15%	17%	–	–	–	–	20%	–
Big Village	October 5–7, 2022	453 (A)	–	40%	15%	20%	–	–	–	–	21%	–
Big Village	September 21–23, 2022	397 (RV)	–	48%	16%	14%	–	–	–	–	15%	–
Big Village	September 21–23, 2022	434 (A)	–	47%	16%	15%	–	–	–	–	15%	–
McLaughlin & Associates	September 17–22, 2022	471 (LV)	4%	27%	5%	6%	1%	2%	3%	7%	2%	43%[lower-alpha 36]
TIPP Insights	September 7–9, 2022	596 (RV)	3%	34%	4%	10%	1%	4%	2%	7%	3%	32%[lower-alpha 37]
Big Village	September 7–9, 2022	492 (A)	–	43%	14%	22%	–	–	–	–	27%	–
Harris Poll	September 7–8, 2022	672 (RV)	4%	37%	6%	13%	3%	–	3%	8%	2%	12%[lower-alpha 38]
Big Village	August 24–26, 2022	487 (A)	–	40%	16%	19%	–	–	–	–	19%	–
McLaughlin & Associates	August 20–24, 2022	468 (LV)	3%	23%	5%	8%	1%	5%	1%	6%	3%	45%[lower-alpha 39]
Big Village	August 10–12, 2022	465 (A)	–	37%	14%	20%	–	–	–	–	22%	–
TIPP Insights	August 2–4, 2022	576 (RV)	4%	30%	4%	8%	1%	6%	3%	8%	4%	32%[lower-alpha 40]
Harris Poll	July 27–28, 2022	697 (RV)	4%	31%	5%	12%	3%	–	3%	8%	4%	14%[lower-alpha 41]
Harris Poll	June 29–30, 2022	484 (RV)	4%	30%	6%	18%	2%	–	4%	8%	3%	8%[lower-alpha 42]
McLaughlin & Associates	June 17–22, 2022	456 (LV)	5%	23%	5%	5%	2%	2%	6%	–	–	40%[lower-alpha 43]
TIPP Insights	June 8–10, 2022	509 (RV)	2%	24%	4%	7%	2%	2%	3%	9%	3%	30%[lower-alpha 44]

Polls excluding Joe Biden

Hypothetical polls without Joe Biden
Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Stacey Abrams	Cory Booker	Pete Buttigieg	Hillary Clinton	Andrew Cuomo	Kamala Harris	Amy Klobuchar	Joe Manchin	Gavin Newsom	Michelle Obama	Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez	Bernie Sanders	Elizabeth Warren	Gretchen Whitmer	Other	Undecided
Big Village	April 19–23, 2023	902 (A)	–	–	10%	–	–	28%	4%	–	7%	–	7%	16%	7%	3%	14%[lower-alpha 45]
Big Village	March 29–31, 2023	445 (A)	–	–	11%	–	–	28%	4%	–	7%	–	7%	18%	11%	4%	7%[lower-alpha 46]
Echelon Insights	March 27–29, 2023	530 (RV)	2%	4%	8%	–	–	27%	2%	–	9%	–	6%	–	7%	5%	7%[lower-alpha 47]
Harris Poll & HarrisX	March 22–23, 2023	2,905 (RV)	5%	–	8%	13%	2%	22%	3%	4%	6%	–	4%	10%	8%	–	4%[lower-alpha 48]
Big Village	March 15–17, 2023	434 (A)	–	–	7%	–	–	31%	4%	–	8%	–	8%	21%	10%	3%	2%
Yahoo News	February 23–27, 2023	450 (LV)	–	–	12%	–	–	25%	5%	–	12%	–	–	12%	8%	5%
Echelon Insights	February 21–23, 2023	499 (LV)	3%	5%	14%	–	–	27%	5%	0%	6%	–	6%	–	8%	3%	24%[lower-alpha 49]
McLaughlin & Associates	February 17–23, 2023	442 (LV)	–	3%	11%	6%	–	11%	3%	2%	5%	19%	5%	9%	6%	–	12%[lower-alpha 50]
Big Village	February 15–17, 2023	437 (A)	–	–	11%	–	–	27%	5%	–	9%	–	8%	18%	10%	5%	3%[lower-alpha 51]
Harris Poll	February 15–16, 2023	–	3%	–	8%	16%	3%	22%	4%	5%	7%	–	7%	12%	3%	–	–
Ipsos	February 6–13, 2023	1,786 (RV)	–	–	15%	–	–	27%	–	–	10%	–	–	18%	8%	4%	3%[lower-alpha 52]
Echelon Insights	January 23–25, 2023	467 (LV)	4%	4%	11%	–	–	23%	4%	–	8%	–	9%	–	8%	3%	9%[lower-alpha 53]
McLaughlin & Associates	January 19–24, 2023	442 (LV)	–	2%	8%	8%	–	15%	2%	2%	7%	15%	6%	5%	5%	–	11%[lower-alpha 54]
Big Village	January 18–20, 2023	447 (A)	–	–	14%	–	–	29%	5%	–	8%	–	6%	19%	8%	4%	3%[lower-alpha 55]
Harris Poll	January 18–19, 2023	–	5%	–	7%	11%	2%	26%	5%	4%	6%	–	4%	12%	5%	–	–
Big Village	January 4–6, 2023	477 (A)	–	–	11%	–	–	30%	5%	–	11%	–	9%	17%	7%	2%	4%[lower-alpha 56]
Big Village	December 16–18, 2022	466 (A)	–	–	10%	14%	2%	35%	5%	–	7%	–	6%	16%	8%	3%	3%[lower-alpha 57]
Harris Poll	December 14–15, 2022	685 (RV)	3%	–	9%	14%	2%	23%	4%	4%	–	–	5%	11%	5%	–	–
Echelon Insights	December 12–14, 2022	523 (RV)	3%	3%	11%	–	–	24%	6%	–	5%	–	5%	–	5%	3%	12%[lower-alpha 58]
Echelon Insights	December 12–14, 2022	476 (LV)	3%	3%	12%	–	–	26%	5%	–	6%	–	5%	–	5%	3%	10%[lower-alpha 59]
McLaughlin & Associates	December 9–14, 2022	455 (LV)	–	1%	6%	8%	–	13%	3%	2%	4%	21%	4%	9%	5%	–	12%[lower-alpha 60]
YouGov	December 1–5, 2022	588 (RV)	–	–	14%	–	–	19%	–	–	10%	–	6%	13%	7%	7%	–
YouGov	December 1–5, 2022	724 (A)	–	–	12%	–	–	18%	–	–	9%	–	7%	11%	7%	6%	–
Big Village	November 30 – December 2, 2022	452 (A)	–	–	13%	–	–	32%	6%	–	5%	–	6%	17%	9%	3%	2%[lower-alpha 61]
Echelon Insights	November 17–19, 2022	496 (RV)	3%	4%	13%	–	–	21%	2%	–	6%	–	7%	–	7%	4%	7%[lower-alpha 62]
Echelon Insights	November 17–19, 2022	496 (LV)	2%	4%	12%	–	–	23%	4%	–	6%	–	7%	–	8%	3%	7%[lower-alpha 63]
Harris Poll	November 16–17, 2022	–	4%	–	8%	–	–	24%	4%	3%	–	–	6%	11%	6%	–	3%[lower-alpha 64]
Zogby Analytics	November 9–11, 2022	859 (LV)	5%	–	10%	–	–	32%	–	–	6%	–	10%	13%	9%	–	38%
	November 8, 2022	2022 midterm elections
Echelon Insights	October 24–26, 2022	475 (LV)	5%	4%	11%	–	–	27%	3%	–	4%	–	7%	–	6%	1%	12%[lower-alpha 65]
Echelon Insights	October 24–26, 2022	475 (LV)	5%	3%	14%	–	–	26%	4%	–	6%	–	5%	–	7%	1%	11%[lower-alpha 66]
McLaughlin & Associates	October 12–17, 2022	474 (LV)	3%	2%	6%	6%	2%	16%	2%	2%	5%	17%	5%	8%	2%	0%	24%[lower-alpha 67]
Harris Poll	October 12–13, 2022	744 (RV)	3%	–	10%	17%		25%	2%	4%	–	–	5%	11%	4%	–	3%[lower-alpha 68]
Morning Consult	September 23–25, 2022	893 (RV)	–	4%	13%	–	–	26%	4%	–	5%	–	8%	–	7%	1%	4%[lower-alpha 69]
McLaughlin & Associates	September 17–22, 2022	471 (LV)	4%	1%	6%	11%	1%	11%	2%	1%	5%	18%	2%	7%	4%	0%	25%[lower-alpha 70]
Echelon Insights	September 16–19, 2022	509 (LV)	8%	3%	11%	–	–	28%	5%	–	6%	–	7%	–	5%	2%	8%[lower-alpha 71]
Harris Poll	September 7–8, 2022	672 (RV)	6%	–	9%	14%	–	26%	2%	2%	–	–	5%	10%	5%	–	3%[lower-alpha 72]
McLaughlin & Associates	August 20–24, 2022	468 (LV)	4%	2%	6%	7%	1%	15%	2%	2%	4%	16%	2%	7%	5%	2%	25%[lower-alpha 73]
Echelon Insights	August 19–22, 2022	515 (RV)	6%	3%	12%	–	–	22%	2%	–	6%	–	9%	–	5%	2%	8%[lower-alpha 74]
Echelon Insights	August 19–22, 2022	505 (LV)	7%	4%	14%	–	–	21%	3%	–	6%	–	5%	–	6%	2%	8%[lower-alpha 75]
Harris Poll	July 27–28, 2022	697 (RV)	5%	–	8%	–	–	23%	4%	4%	–	–	5%	8%	4%	–	4%[lower-alpha 76]
Suffolk University	July 22–25, 2022	440 (RV)	–	–	16%	8%	–	18%	11%	–	8%	–	10%	18%	–	–	–
Echelon Insights	July 15–18, 2022	500 (RV)	7%	4%	10%	–	–	27%	3%	0%	7%	–	5%	–	7%	1%	10%[lower-alpha 77]
Echelon Insights	July 15–18, 2022	493 (LV)	6%	5%	13%	–	–	26%	3%	0%	7%	–	5%	–	7%	1%	9%[lower-alpha 78]
Harris Poll	June 29–30, 2022	484 (RV)	4%	–	6%	–	–	25%	4%	1%	–	–	4%	12%	6%	–	14%[lower-alpha 79]
McLaughlin & Associates	June 17–22, 2022	456 (LV)	6%	3%	8%	7%	1%	13%	3%	2%	3%	19%	7%	–	–	–	13%[lower-alpha 80]
Echelon Insights	June 17–20, 2022	489 (RV)	5%	5%	11%	–	–	30%	3%	0%	5%	–	6%	–	6%	2%	8%[lower-alpha 81]
Echelon Insights	June 17–20, 2022	484 (LV)	6%	6%	12%	–	–	27%	4%	0%	5%	–	7%	–	6%	2%	8%[lower-alpha 82]
Zogby Analytics	May 23–24, 2022	554 (LV)	5%	–	–	21%	–	19%	–	–	5%	21%	–	8%	4%	–	7%[lower-alpha 83]	10%
Echelon Insights	May 20–23, 2022	474 (LV)	7%	7%	12%	–	–	30%	2%	–	4%	–	4%	–	5%	1%	7%[lower-alpha 84]	21%
Echelon Insights	May 20–23, 2022	480 (RV)	7%	5%	11%	–	–	31%	2%	–	3%	–	8%	–	5%	1%	7%[lower-alpha 85]	20%
Harvard/Harris	May 18–19, 2022	–	3%	–	7%	10%	–	19%	3%	6%	–	–	4%	10%	4%	–	4%[lower-alpha 86]	28%
McLaughlin & Associates	April 22–26, 2022	463 (LV)	6%	3%	9%	9%	2%	17%	4%	1%	2%	23%	1%	4%	–	–	4%[lower-alpha 87]	17%
Harvard/Harris	April 20–21, 2022	727 (RV)	5%	–	8%	14%	–	31%	3%	4%	–	–	6%	10%	5%	–	–	14%
Echelon Insights	April 18–20, 2022	469 (RV)	5%	6%	10%	–	–	31%	3%	1%	1%	–	6%	–	6%	1%	9%[lower-alpha 88]	19%
Echelon Insights	April 18–20, 2022	456 (LV)	6%	7%	11%	–	–	30%	4%	1%	1%	–	5%	–	6%	1%	8%[lower-alpha 89]	20%
Harvard/Harris	March 23–24, 2022	740 (RV)	6%	–	8%	15%	–	28%	4%	3%	–	–	4%	9%	4%	–	–	19%
Echelon Insights	March 18–21, 2022	472 (LV)	6%	4%	9%	–	–	26%	5%	–	2%	–	7%	–	8%	1%	8%[lower-alpha 90]	24%
Echelon Insights	March 18–21, 2022	490 (LV)	6%	4%	11%	–	–	26%	6%	–	2%	–	6%	–	8%	1%	6%[lower-alpha 91]	22%
McLaughlin & Associates	March 17–22, 2022	466 (LV)	5%	3%	7%	7%	1%	18%	2%	2%	2%	20%	2%	6%	–	–	9%[lower-alpha 92]	18%
Harvard/Harris	February 23–24, 2022	750 (RV)	5%	–	8%	13%	–	29%	3%	5%	–	–	5%	9%	6%	–	–	17%
Echelon Insights	February 19–23, 2022	543 (RV)	8%	6%	9%	–	–	29%	3%	–	2%	–	10%	–	6%	0%	8%[lower-alpha 93]	21%
McLaughlin & Associates	February 16–22, 2022	453 (LV)	6%	4%	10%	9%	1%	15%	2%	2%	4%	22%	6%	–	–	–	8%[lower-alpha 94]	13%
Echelon Insights	January 21–23, 2022	477 (RV)	6%	5%	12%	–	–	30%	3%	–	2%	–	5%	–	8%	1%	7%[lower-alpha 95]	21%
Harvard/Harris	January 19–20, 2022	672 (RV)	6%	–	7%	17%	–	23%	2%	3%	–	–	6%	12%	7%	–	–	17%
McLaughlin & Associates	January 13–18, 2022	463 (LV)	6%	4%	6%	9%	2%	16%	3%	2%	2%	22%	9%	–	–	–	4%[lower-alpha 96]	15%
Morning Consult	December 11–13, 2021	916 (RV)	–	5%	11%	–	–	31%	3%	–	3%	–	8%	–	8%	–	3%[lower-alpha 97]	16%
Echelon Insights	December 9–13, 2021	479 (RV)	5%	6%	7%	–	–	33%	3%	2%	1%	–	5%	14%	8%	2%	2%[lower-alpha 98]	8%
Harvard/Harris	November 30 – December 2, 2021	1,989 (RV)	5%	5%	8%	–	–	31%	5%	–	–	–	7%	15%	7%	2%	14%[lower-alpha 99]	–
Hill-HarrisX	November 18–19, 2021	939 (RV)	4%	3%	5%	–	–	26%	3%	–	4%	15%	5%	7%	2%	1%	10%[lower-alpha 100]	16%
Echelon Insights	November 12–18, 2021	458 (LV)	6%	6%	8%	–	–	29%	2%	1%	2%	–	5%	16%	6%	0%	0%[lower-alpha 101]	16%
McLaughlin & Associates	November 11–16, 2021	450 (LV)	5%	3%	8%	–	2%	22%	5%	–	–	23%	5%	–	–	–	32%[lower-alpha 102]	–
YouGov/Yahoo News	October 19–21, 2021	671 (A)	7%	–	9%	–	–	22%	–	–	–	–	7%	12%	8%	–	4%[lower-alpha 103]	31%
Echelon Insights	October 15–19, 2021	533 (LV)	5%	4%	9%	–	–	23%	4%	1%	3%	–	5%	16%	6%	0%	2%[lower-alpha 104]	20%
McLaughlin & Associates	October 14–18, 2021	473 (LV)	5%	3%	9%	–	2%	29%	3%	2%	2%	18%	7%	–	–	–	8%[lower-alpha 105]	14%
McLaughlin & Associates	September 9–14, 2021	476 (LV)	5%	4%	7%	–	2%	29%	3%	–	2%	17%	7%	–	–	–	6%[lower-alpha 106]	17%
Echelon Insights	August 13–18, 2021	514 (RV)	6%	6%	11%	–	–	33%	2%	–	2%	–	8%	–	5%	1%	8%[lower-alpha 107]	18%
McLaughlin & Associates	July 29 – August 3, 2021	467 (LV)	4%	5%	8%	4%	–	28%	2%	–	2%	16%	7%	–	–	10%[lower-alpha 108]	14%
YouGov/Yahoo News	July 30 – August 2, 2021	697 (A)	4%	–	6%	–	–	44%	–	–	–	–	4%	10%	6%	–	18%[lower-alpha 109]	20%
McLaughlin & Associates	June 16–20, 2021	463 (LV)	5%	3%	4%	–	2%	31%	3%	–	1%	19%	5%	–	–	–	11%[lower-alpha 110]	16%
McLaughlin & Associates	May 12–18, 2021	459 (LV)	4%	4%	6%	–	1%	35%	3%	–	2%	16%	7%	–	–	–	11%[lower-alpha 111]	13%
Trafalgar Group	April 30 – May 6, 2021	– (LV)[lower-alpha 112]	–	–	9%	–	–	41%	5%	–	–	–	8%	–	–	–	36%[lower-alpha 113]	–
McLaughlin & Associates	April 8–13, 2021	458 (LV)	–	4%	5%	–	2%	34%	4%	–	2%	20%	3%	–	–	–	13%[lower-alpha 114]	12%
McLaughlin & Associates	February 24–28, 2021	443 (LV)	–	4%	7%	–	1%	28%	3%	–	–	23%	8%	–	–	12%[lower-alpha 115]	14%
	January 20, 2021	Inauguration of Joe Biden
McLaughlin & Associates	December 9–13, 2020	445 (LV)	–	3%	5%	–	5%	25%	2%	–	–	29%	7%	–	–	–	8%[lower-alpha 116]	18%
McLaughlin & Associates/Newsmax	November 21–23, 2020	445 (LV)	–	2%	6%	–	5%	29%	2%	–	–	23%	6%	–	–	–	5%[lower-alpha 117]	23%
	November 3, 2020	2020 presidential election
McLaughlin & Associates	November 2–3, 2020	461 (LV)	–	2%	8%	–	8%	18%	–	–	–	25%	6%	–	–	–	6%[lower-alpha 118]	28%
Léger	August 4–7, 2020	1,007 (LV)	6%	7%	14%	–	20%	13%	6%	–	8%	–	9%	6%	–	–	24%[lower-alpha 119]
Léger	August 4–7, 2020	390 (LV)	6%	6%	16%	–	21%	19%	6%	–	–	–	9%	–	–	–	17%[lower-alpha 120]	–

Campaign finance

This is an overview of the money used by each campaign as it is reported to the Federal Election Commission (FEC). Totals raised include individual contributions, loans from the candidate, and transfers from other campaign committees. Individual contributions are itemized (catalogued) by the FEC when the total value of contributions by an individual comes to more than $200. The last column, Cash On Hand, shows the remaining cash each campaign had available for its future spending as of September 30, 2023. Campaign finance reports for the fourth quarter of 2023 will become available on January 15, 2024.[128]

This table does not include contributions made to Super PACs or party committees supporting the candidate. Each value is rounded up to the nearest dollar.

Candidate who withdrew prior to September 30

Candidate who withdrew following September 30

Overview of campaign financing for candidates in the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Candidate	Total raised	Total raised since last quarter	Individual contributions			Debt	Spent	Spent since last quarter	Cash on hand
Candidate	Total raised	Total raised since last quarter	Total	Unitemized	Pct	Debt	Spent	Spent since last quarter	Cash on hand
Biden[129]	$72,838,281	$24,785,201	$15,237,941	$9,061,416	59.5%	$0	$73,094,919	$12,730,208	$32,180,366[lower-alpha 121]
Williamson[130]	$2,515,539	$821,832	$2,277,201	$1,191,053	52.3%	$347,490	$2,414,193	$825,656	$101,167
Kennedy[131]	$15,078,528	$8,713,134	$15,052,084	$5,072,721	33.7%	$0	$8,906,488	$7,060,571	$6,172,041

Notes

2,260 of 4,518 delegates needed to win any subsequent ballots at a contested convention lasting more than a single round of balloting. As of October 2023, the number of extra unpledged delegates (superdelegates), who after the first ballot at a contested convention participate in any subsequently needed nominating ballots (together with the 3,770 pledged delegates), is expected to be 744, but the exact number of superdelegates is still subject to change due to possible deaths, resignations, accessions, or potential election as a pledged delegate.
Uygur is not eligible to serve as president as he is not a natural-born citizen, but he claims he can run for the office.[32]
Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
Manchin at 1%
Newsom at 7%
Archived April 3, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
Kennedy with 7%; Shapiro, Williamson and Whitmer with 2%
Hillary Clinton with 7%; Andrew Cuomo with 2%; Joe Manchin and Marianne Williamson with 1%
Whitmer with 4%; and Booker with 3%
Whitmer with 3%; Williamson and Shapiro with 1%
Hillary Clinton with 6%; Joe Manchin with 2%; Andrew Cuomo and Marianne Williamson with 1%
Michelle Obama with 14%; Hillary Clinton with 4%; Beto O'Rourke, Phil Murphy and Cory Booker with 2%; Manchin, Kaine, Hickenlooper, Gillibrand, Steyer and Polis with 1%; Adams and Patrick with 0%
Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; Josh Shapiro with 1%
Hillary Clinton with 8%; Andrew Cuomo with 2%; Manchin with 1%
Cory Booker with 6%; Gretchen Whitmer with 2%
Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Josh Shapiro with 2%
Obama with 14%; Clinton with 6%; O'Rourke with 2%; Booker, Gillibrand, Kaine, Manchin, and Polis with 1%; Adams, Cuomo, Hickenlooper, Markle, McConaughey, Murphy, Patrick, Steyer, and Winfrey with 0%, Undecided with 13%
Whitmer with 3.0%; Shapiro with 2.8%; Someone Else with 3.5%
Hillary Clinton with 8%; Manchin and Cuomo with 1%
Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Someone Else with 3%; Not Sure with 16%; Would Not Vote with 4%
Gretchen Whitmer with 5%; Raphael Warnock with 4%
Someone else at 29.9%
Someone Else at 27.1%
Hillary Clinton with 7%; Michael Bloomberg with 3%; Joe Manchin and Andrew Cuomo with 2%
Hillary Clinton with 7%; Michael Bloomberg with 3%; Joe Manchin and Andrew Cuomo with 2%
Michelle Obama with 18%; Hillary Clinton with 6%; O'Rourke with 3%; Booker with 2%; Winfrey and Manchin with 1%; Phil Murphy, Kaine, Adams, Hickenlooper, Patrick, Gillibrand, Steyer and Polis with 0%
Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Shapiro with 1%
Hillary Clinton with 7%
Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Polis with 1%; Cooper with 0%
Gretchen Whitmer and Jared Polis with 2%
Hillary Clinton with 6%; Joe Manchin and Michael Bloomberg with 2%
Hochul with 1%
Hillary Clinton with 10%
Michelle Obama with 12%; Hillary Clinton and O'Rourke with 5%; Winfrey and Booker with 2%; McConaughey, Manchin, Cuomo, Phil Murphy and Adams with 1%; Kaine, Hickenlooper, Patrick, Gillibrand, Steyer and Polis with 0%
Hillary Clinton with 9%; Michael Bloomberg and Joe Manchin with 2%
Michelle Obama with 16%; Hillary Clinton with 6%; Beto O'Rourke with 3%; Matthew McConaughey with 2%; Booker, Winfrey, Manchin, Kaine, Hickenlooper, Steyer and Polis with 1%; Cuomo, Murphy, Adams, Patrick and Gillibrand with 0%
Michelle Obama with 11%; Hillary Clinton with 5%; Kennedy, Whitmer, Booker, Pritzker, Adams, Manchin, Bennet, Inslee and Lujan Grisham with 1%; Gabbard with 0%
Hillary Clinton with 7%; Michael Bloomberg with 3%; Joe Manchin with 2%
Michelle Obama with 13%; Hillary Clinton with 6%; Beto O'Rourke with 4%; Cory Booker and Joe Manchin with 2%; Winfrey, McConaughey, Cuomo, Murphy and Adams, Hickenlooper, Gillibrand and Steyer with 1%; Kaine and Polis with 0%
Michelle Obama with 10%; Hillary Clinton with 5%; Cory Booker with 3%; Gretchen Whitmer and Kennedy with 2%; Pritzker and Gabbard with 1%; Bennet, Lujan Grisham, Manchin, Inslee and Adams with 0%
Hillary Clinton with 9%; Joe Manchin with 3%; Michael Bloomberg with 2%
Hillary Clinton with 6%; Manchin and Bloomberg with 1%
Michelle Obama with 18%; Hillary Clinton with 5%; Beto O'Rourke with 4%; Cory Booker with 3%; Oprah Winfrey with 2%; Manchin, McConaughey, Cuomo, Murphy, Kaine and Adams with 1%; Hickenlooper, Patrick, Gillibrand and Steyer with 0%
Michelle Obama with 14%; Hillary Clinton with 6%; Cory Booker with 3%; Kennedy, Whitmer, Bennet, Lujan Grisham and Gabbard with 1%; Manchin, Inslee and Pritzker with 0%
Kennedy with 10%; Williamson and Shapiro with 2%
Marianne Williamson with 3%; and Josh Shapiro with 4%
Marianne Williamson with 4%; and Roy Cooper, Phil Murphy, and Rapheal Warnock with 1%
Marianne Williamson with 1%
Raphael Warnock with 2%; JB Pritzker with 1%; Beshear, Cooper and Raimondo on 0%
Beto O'Rourke with 3%; Phil Murphy with 1%; Gillibrand, Adams, Patrick, Hickenlooper, Steyer, and Polis with 1%; Kaine and Pritzker with 0%
Josh Shapiro with 3%, Pritzker with 0%
Josh Shapiro with 3%, Pritzker with 0%
Pritzker with 3%, Raimondo, Polis and Warnock with 1%; Beshear, Cooper, Murphy, Adams and Landrieu with 0%
Beto O'Rourke with 3%; Gillibrand, Adams, Patrick, Murphy, Hickenlooper, Steyer, Markle and Polis with 1%; Kaine and Pritzker with 0%
Josh Shapiro with 3%, Pritzker with 0%
Josh Shapiro with 4%, Pritzker with 0%
Josh Shapiro with 3%; Pritzker with 0%
Pritzker and Warnock with 3%; Beshear, Raimondo, Murphy, Adams and Polis with 1%; Landrieu and Cooper with 0%
Pritzker and Warnock with 2%; Cooper, Murphy, Polis and Adams with 1%; Beshear, Landrieu and Raimondo with 0%
Beto O'Rourke with 4%; Oprah Winfrey with 3%; Kaine and Gillibrand with 1%; Adams, Patrick, Murphy, Pritzker, Hickenlooper, Steyer, and Polis with 0%
Josh Shapiro with 2%, Pritzker with 0%
Phil Murphy with 2%; Beshear and Warnock with 1%; Sinema, Cooper, Landrieu, Pritzker, Raimondo, Adams, and Polis with 0%
Phil Murphy with 2%; Beshear and Warnock with 1%; Sinema, Cooper, Landrieu, Pritzker, Raimondo, Adams, and Polis with 0%
Michael Bloomberg with 3%
Andy Beshear with 3%; Raphael Warnock with 2%; Sinema, Cooper, Landrieu, Murphy, Pritzker, and Adams with 1%; Raimondo and Polis with 0%
Andy Beshear and Raphael Warnock with 2%; Sinema, Cooper, Pritzker, and Adams with 1%; Landrieu, Raimondo, Murphy and Polis with 0%
Beto O'Rourke with 5%; Oprah Winfrey with 2%; McConaughey, Polis, Patrick, Hickenlooper and Steyer with 1%; Adams, Kaine, Murphy, Pritzker, and Gillibrand with 0%
Michael Bloomberg with 3%
Adams, Pritzker, and Raimondo with 1%; Cooper with 0%
Beto O'Rourke with 5%; Oprah Winfrey with 3%; Matthew McConaughey and Jared Polis with 2%; Adams, Murphy, Gillibrand, Patrick, Pritzker, Hickenlooper, and Steyer with 1%; Omar with 0%
Murphy, Polis, Pritzker, and Warnock with 1%; Raimondo, Beshear, Sinema, Cooper and Landrieu with 0%
Michael Bloomberg with 3%
Beto O'Rourke with 3%; Tim Kaine, Oprah Winfrey and Matthew McConaughey with 2%; Adams, Murphy, Gillibrand, and Steyer with 1%; Patrick, Hickenlooper, Omar, Pritzker, and Polis with 0%
Phil Murphy and Kyrsten Sinema with 2%; Beshear, Adams, Polis, and Warnock with 1%; Cooper, Landrieu, Pritzker, and Raimondo with 0%
Phil Murphy with 2%; Beshear, Sinema, Adams, Polis, and Warnock with 1%; Cooper, Pritzker, Landrieu, and Raimondo with 0%
Michael Bloomberg with 4%
Pritzker and Warnock with 2%; Murphy, Adams, Raimondo and Polis with 1%; Beshear, Sinema, Cooper and Landrieu with 0%
Pritzker with 2%, Murphy, Adams, Polis and Warnock with 1%; Beshear, Sinema, Cooper, Landrieu and Raimondo with 0%
Michael Bloomberg with 3%
Beto O'Rourke with 4%; Oprah Winfrey and Matthew McConaughey with 2%; Adams, Kaine, Patrick, and Murphy with 1%; Gillibrand, Hickenlooper, Pritzker, and Steyer with 0%
Pritzker with 2%, Sinema, Murphy and Warnock with 1%; Beshear, Raimondo, Adams, Polis, Cooper and Landrieu with 0%
Kyrsten Sinema, Phil Murphy, JB Pritzker, and Raphael Warnock with 1%; Beshear, Raimondo, Adams, Polis, Cooper, and Landrieu with 0%
Jill Biden with 7%
Cooper, Raimondo and Pritzker with 1%; Beshear, Sinema, Landrieu, Murphy, Adams, Polis and Warnock with 0%
Cooper, Raimondo and Pritzker with 1%; Beshear, Sinema, Landrieu, Murphy, Adams, Polis and Warnock with 0%
Michael Bloomberg with 4%
Eric Adams, Tim Kaine, Beto O'Rourke, and Tom Steyer with 1%; Kirsten Gillibrand, John Hickenlooper, Phil Murphy, Ilhan Omar, and Deval Patrick with 0%
Tulsi Gabbard with 2%; Cooper and Murphy with 1%; Beshear, Sinema, Landrieu, Adams, Polis, Raimondo and Pritzker with 0%
Tulsi Gabbard with 2%; Cooper and Murphy with 1%; Beshear, Sinema, Landrieu, Adams, Polis, Raimondo and Pritzker with 0%
Eric Adams with 2%; Cooper, Raimondo, Murphy, Pritzker and Polis with 1%; Landrieu, Beshear, Raimondo and Sinema with 0%
Cooper and Adams with 1%; Sinema, Beshear, Landrieu, Raimondo, Pritzker, Murphy and Polis with 0%
Beto O'Rourke with 3%, Tom Steyer with 2%; Eric Adams, Tim Kaine, and Deval Patrick with 1%; Kirsten Gillibrand and Ilhan Omar with 0%
Roy Cooper with 2%; Beshear, Sinema, Raimondo and Murphy with 1%; Landrieu, Pritzker and Adams with 0%
Beto O'Rourke with 3%; John Hickenlooper with 2%; Tim Kaine, Deval Patrick, and Tom Steyer with 1%; Eric Adams, Kirsten Gillibrand, and Ilhan Omar with 0%
Beshear, Sinema, Cooper, Landrieu, Raimondo, Pritzker and Adams with 1%; Murphy with 0%
Beto O'Rourke with 2%; Eric Adams and John Hickenlooper with 1%; Kirsten Gillibrand, Tim Kaine, Ilhan Omar, Deval Patrick, and Tom Steyer with 0%
Cooper, Adams and Raimondo with 3%
Gabbard with 1%; Beshear and Sinema with 0%
Other/Don't know with 14%
"Someone else" with 3%; Michael Bloomberg and Beto O'Rourke with 2%; Sherrod Brown, Andrew Yang, and Katie Porter with 1%
"Someone else", Andy Beshear, Tulsi Gabbard and Kyrsten Sinema with 0%
Beto O'Rourke with 3%, other with 29%
Sherrod Brown with 4%
"Someone else" and Tulsi Gabbard with 1%; Andy Beshear and Kyrsten Sinema with 0%
Beto O'Rourke with 3%; Kirsten Gillibrand, John Hickenlooper, Tim Kaine, Deval Patrick and Tom Steyer with 1%; Ilhan Omar with 0%
Beto O'Rourke with 3%, Kirsten Gillibrand, Deval Patrick and Tom Steyer with 1%; John Hickenlooper, Tim Kaine and Ilhan Omar with 0%
O'Rourke and Yang with 2%; Besehar, Gabbard, and Gillibrand with 1%; Sinema with 0%
Andrew Yang with 4%; John Hickenlooper and Beto O'Rourke with 2%; Kirsten Gillibrand and Tim Kaine with 1%; Ilhan Omar with 0%
Sherrod Brown with 2%
Beto O'Rourke and Andrew Yang with 3%; John Hickenlooper with 2%; Tim Kaine, Deval Patrick and Ilhan Omar with 1%
Tim Kaine, Beto O'Rourke, Deval Patrick, and Andrew Yang with 2%; Kirsten Gillibrand, John Hickenlooper and Ilhan Omar with 1%
Democratic subsample of full sample of 1,574 likely voters
"Someone else" with 26%; Beto O'Rourke with 4%, Andrew Yang with 3%, Julian Castro with 2%; John Bel Edwards with 1%
Andrew Yang with 4%, Kirsten Gillibrand, John Hickenlooper and Beto O'Rourke with 2%; Tim Kaine, Ilhan Omar, and Deval Patrick with 1%
Andrew Yang with 4%, John Hickenlooper and Beto O'Rourke with 2%; Tim Kaine, Kirsten Gillibrand, Ilhan Omar, and Deval Patrick with 1%; Gavin Newsom with 0%
John Hickenlooper with 3%; Tim Kaine with 2%; Kirsten Gillibrand, Ilhan Omar and Deval Patrick with 1%
Kirsten Gillibrand, John Hickenlooper, Tim Kaine, Ilhan Omar, and Deval Patrick with 1%
John Hickenlooper with 3%; Kirsten Gillibrand, Tim Kaine and Deval Patrick with 1%
Andrew Yang with 14%, Beto O'Rourke with 6%, Kirsten Gillibrand with 4%
Andrew Yang with 8%, Beto O'Rourke with 6%, Kirsten Gillibrand with 3%
Biden's principal campaign committee, Biden for President, was also used for his earlier 2020 presidential campaign. Some of these figures, therefore, include money left over from that previous candidacy.

Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies

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External links

Democratic National Committee 2024 Primary Schedule Vote on C-Span
President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris speak at Democratic National Committee Winter Meeting on C-Span

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[unpledged_delegate_number-1] 2,260 of 4,518 delegates needed to win any subsequent ballots at a contested convention lasting more than a single round of balloting. As of October 2023, the number of extra unpledged delegates (superdelegates), who after the first ballot at a contested convention participate in any subsequently needed nominating ballots (together with the 3,770 pledged delegates), is expected to be 744, but the exact number of superdelegates is still subject to change due to possible deaths, resignations, accessions, or potential election as a pledged delegate.

[34] Uygur is not eligible to serve as president as he is not a natural-born citizen, but he claims he can run for the office.[32]

[130] Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.

[132] Manchin at 1%

[133] Newsom at 7%

[134] Archived April 3, 2023, at the Wayback Machine

[135] Kennedy with 7%; Shapiro, Williamson and Whitmer with 2%

[136] Hillary Clinton with 7%; Andrew Cuomo with 2%; Joe Manchin and Marianne Williamson with 1%

[137] Whitmer with 4%; and Booker with 3%

[138] Whitmer with 3%; Williamson and Shapiro with 1%

[139] Hillary Clinton with 6%; Joe Manchin with 2%; Andrew Cuomo and Marianne Williamson with 1%

[140] Michelle Obama with 14%; Hillary Clinton with 4%; Beto O'Rourke, Phil Murphy and Cory Booker with 2%; Manchin, Kaine, Hickenlooper, Gillibrand, Steyer and Polis with 1%; Adams and Patrick with 0%

[141] Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; Josh Shapiro with 1%

[142] Hillary Clinton with 8%; Andrew Cuomo with 2%; Manchin with 1%

[143] Cory Booker with 6%; Gretchen Whitmer with 2%

[144] Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Josh Shapiro with 2%

[145] Obama with 14%; Clinton with 6%; O'Rourke with 2%; Booker, Gillibrand, Kaine, Manchin, and Polis with 1%; Adams, Cuomo, Hickenlooper, Markle, McConaughey, Murphy, Patrick, Steyer, and Winfrey with 0%, Undecided with 13%

[146] Whitmer with 3.0%; Shapiro with 2.8%; Someone Else with 3.5%

[147] Hillary Clinton with 8%; Manchin and Cuomo with 1%

[148] Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Someone Else with 3%; Not Sure with 16%; Would Not Vote with 4%

[149] Gretchen Whitmer with 5%; Raphael Warnock with 4%

[150] Someone else at 29.9%

[151] Someone Else at 27.1%

[152] Hillary Clinton with 7%; Michael Bloomberg with 3%; Joe Manchin and Andrew Cuomo with 2%

[153] Hillary Clinton with 7%; Michael Bloomberg with 3%; Joe Manchin and Andrew Cuomo with 2%

[154] Michelle Obama with 18%; Hillary Clinton with 6%; O'Rourke with 3%; Booker with 2%; Winfrey and Manchin with 1%; Phil Murphy, Kaine, Adams, Hickenlooper, Patrick, Gillibrand, Steyer and Polis with 0%

[155] Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Shapiro with 1%

[156] Hillary Clinton with 7%

[157] Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Polis with 1%; Cooper with 0%

[158] Gretchen Whitmer and Jared Polis with 2%

[159] Hillary Clinton with 6%; Joe Manchin and Michael Bloomberg with 2%

[160] Hochul with 1%

[161] Hillary Clinton with 10%

[162] Michelle Obama with 12%; Hillary Clinton and O'Rourke with 5%; Winfrey and Booker with 2%; McConaughey, Manchin, Cuomo, Phil Murphy and Adams with 1%; Kaine, Hickenlooper, Patrick, Gillibrand, Steyer and Polis with 0%

[163] Hillary Clinton with 9%; Michael Bloomberg and Joe Manchin with 2%

[164] Michelle Obama with 16%; Hillary Clinton with 6%; Beto O'Rourke with 3%; Matthew McConaughey with 2%; Booker, Winfrey, Manchin, Kaine, Hickenlooper, Steyer and Polis with 1%; Cuomo, Murphy, Adams, Patrick and Gillibrand with 0%

[165] Michelle Obama with 11%; Hillary Clinton with 5%; Kennedy, Whitmer, Booker, Pritzker, Adams, Manchin, Bennet, Inslee and Lujan Grisham with 1%; Gabbard with 0%

[166] Hillary Clinton with 7%; Michael Bloomberg with 3%; Joe Manchin with 2%

[167] Michelle Obama with 13%; Hillary Clinton with 6%; Beto O'Rourke with 4%; Cory Booker and Joe Manchin with 2%; Winfrey, McConaughey, Cuomo, Murphy and Adams, Hickenlooper, Gillibrand and Steyer with 1%; Kaine and Polis with 0%

[168] Michelle Obama with 10%; Hillary Clinton with 5%; Cory Booker with 3%; Gretchen Whitmer and Kennedy with 2%; Pritzker and Gabbard with 1%; Bennet, Lujan Grisham, Manchin, Inslee and Adams with 0%

[169] Hillary Clinton with 9%; Joe Manchin with 3%; Michael Bloomberg with 2%

[170] Hillary Clinton with 6%; Manchin and Bloomberg with 1%

[171] Michelle Obama with 18%; Hillary Clinton with 5%; Beto O'Rourke with 4%; Cory Booker with 3%; Oprah Winfrey with 2%; Manchin, McConaughey, Cuomo, Murphy, Kaine and Adams with 1%; Hickenlooper, Patrick, Gillibrand and Steyer with 0%

[172] Michelle Obama with 14%; Hillary Clinton with 6%; Cory Booker with 3%; Kennedy, Whitmer, Bennet, Lujan Grisham and Gabbard with 1%; Manchin, Inslee and Pritzker with 0%

[173] Kennedy with 10%; Williamson and Shapiro with 2%

[174] Marianne Williamson with 3%; and Josh Shapiro with 4%

[175] Marianne Williamson with 4%; and Roy Cooper, Phil Murphy, and Rapheal Warnock with 1%

[176] Marianne Williamson with 1%

[177] Raphael Warnock with 2%; JB Pritzker with 1%; Beshear, Cooper and Raimondo on 0%

[178] Beto O'Rourke with 3%; Phil Murphy with 1%; Gillibrand, Adams, Patrick, Hickenlooper, Steyer, and Polis with 1%; Kaine and Pritzker with 0%

[179] Josh Shapiro with 3%, Pritzker with 0%

[180] Josh Shapiro with 3%, Pritzker with 0%

[181] Pritzker with 3%, Raimondo, Polis and Warnock with 1%; Beshear, Cooper, Murphy, Adams and Landrieu with 0%

[182] Beto O'Rourke with 3%; Gillibrand, Adams, Patrick, Murphy, Hickenlooper, Steyer, Markle and Polis with 1%; Kaine and Pritzker with 0%

[183] Josh Shapiro with 3%, Pritzker with 0%

[184] Josh Shapiro with 4%, Pritzker with 0%

[185] Josh Shapiro with 3%; Pritzker with 0%

[186] Pritzker and Warnock with 3%; Beshear, Raimondo, Murphy, Adams and Polis with 1%; Landrieu and Cooper with 0%

[187] Pritzker and Warnock with 2%; Cooper, Murphy, Polis and Adams with 1%; Beshear, Landrieu and Raimondo with 0%

[188] Beto O'Rourke with 4%; Oprah Winfrey with 3%; Kaine and Gillibrand with 1%; Adams, Patrick, Murphy, Pritzker, Hickenlooper, Steyer, and Polis with 0%

[189] Josh Shapiro with 2%, Pritzker with 0%

[190] Phil Murphy with 2%; Beshear and Warnock with 1%; Sinema, Cooper, Landrieu, Pritzker, Raimondo, Adams, and Polis with 0%

[191] Phil Murphy with 2%; Beshear and Warnock with 1%; Sinema, Cooper, Landrieu, Pritzker, Raimondo, Adams, and Polis with 0%

[192] Michael Bloomberg with 3%

[193] Andy Beshear with 3%; Raphael Warnock with 2%; Sinema, Cooper, Landrieu, Murphy, Pritzker, and Adams with 1%; Raimondo and Polis with 0%

[194] Andy Beshear and Raphael Warnock with 2%; Sinema, Cooper, Pritzker, and Adams with 1%; Landrieu, Raimondo, Murphy and Polis with 0%

[195] Beto O'Rourke with 5%; Oprah Winfrey with 2%; McConaughey, Polis, Patrick, Hickenlooper and Steyer with 1%; Adams, Kaine, Murphy, Pritzker, and Gillibrand with 0%

[196] Michael Bloomberg with 3%

[197] Adams, Pritzker, and Raimondo with 1%; Cooper with 0%

[198] Beto O'Rourke with 5%; Oprah Winfrey with 3%; Matthew McConaughey and Jared Polis with 2%; Adams, Murphy, Gillibrand, Patrick, Pritzker, Hickenlooper, and Steyer with 1%; Omar with 0%

[199] Murphy, Polis, Pritzker, and Warnock with 1%; Raimondo, Beshear, Sinema, Cooper and Landrieu with 0%

[200] Michael Bloomberg with 3%

[201] Beto O'Rourke with 3%; Tim Kaine, Oprah Winfrey and Matthew McConaughey with 2%; Adams, Murphy, Gillibrand, and Steyer with 1%; Patrick, Hickenlooper, Omar, Pritzker, and Polis with 0%

[202] Phil Murphy and Kyrsten Sinema with 2%; Beshear, Adams, Polis, and Warnock with 1%; Cooper, Landrieu, Pritzker, and Raimondo with 0%

[203] Phil Murphy with 2%; Beshear, Sinema, Adams, Polis, and Warnock with 1%; Cooper, Pritzker, Landrieu, and Raimondo with 0%

[204] Michael Bloomberg with 4%

[205] Pritzker and Warnock with 2%; Murphy, Adams, Raimondo and Polis with 1%; Beshear, Sinema, Cooper and Landrieu with 0%

[206] Pritzker with 2%, Murphy, Adams, Polis and Warnock with 1%; Beshear, Sinema, Cooper, Landrieu and Raimondo with 0%

[207] Michael Bloomberg with 3%

[208] Beto O'Rourke with 4%; Oprah Winfrey and Matthew McConaughey with 2%; Adams, Kaine, Patrick, and Murphy with 1%; Gillibrand, Hickenlooper, Pritzker, and Steyer with 0%

[209] Pritzker with 2%, Sinema, Murphy and Warnock with 1%; Beshear, Raimondo, Adams, Polis, Cooper and Landrieu with 0%

[210] Kyrsten Sinema, Phil Murphy, JB Pritzker, and Raphael Warnock with 1%; Beshear, Raimondo, Adams, Polis, Cooper, and Landrieu with 0%

[211] Jill Biden with 7%

[212] Cooper, Raimondo and Pritzker with 1%; Beshear, Sinema, Landrieu, Murphy, Adams, Polis and Warnock with 0%

[213] Cooper, Raimondo and Pritzker with 1%; Beshear, Sinema, Landrieu, Murphy, Adams, Polis and Warnock with 0%

[214] Michael Bloomberg with 4%

[215] Eric Adams, Tim Kaine, Beto O'Rourke, and Tom Steyer with 1%; Kirsten Gillibrand, John Hickenlooper, Phil Murphy, Ilhan Omar, and Deval Patrick with 0%

[216] Tulsi Gabbard with 2%; Cooper and Murphy with 1%; Beshear, Sinema, Landrieu, Adams, Polis, Raimondo and Pritzker with 0%

[217] Tulsi Gabbard with 2%; Cooper and Murphy with 1%; Beshear, Sinema, Landrieu, Adams, Polis, Raimondo and Pritzker with 0%

[218] Eric Adams with 2%; Cooper, Raimondo, Murphy, Pritzker and Polis with 1%; Landrieu, Beshear, Raimondo and Sinema with 0%

[219] Cooper and Adams with 1%; Sinema, Beshear, Landrieu, Raimondo, Pritzker, Murphy and Polis with 0%

[220] Beto O'Rourke with 3%, Tom Steyer with 2%; Eric Adams, Tim Kaine, and Deval Patrick with 1%; Kirsten Gillibrand and Ilhan Omar with 0%

[221] Roy Cooper with 2%; Beshear, Sinema, Raimondo and Murphy with 1%; Landrieu, Pritzker and Adams with 0%

[222] Beto O'Rourke with 3%; John Hickenlooper with 2%; Tim Kaine, Deval Patrick, and Tom Steyer with 1%; Eric Adams, Kirsten Gillibrand, and Ilhan Omar with 0%

[223] Beshear, Sinema, Cooper, Landrieu, Raimondo, Pritzker and Adams with 1%; Murphy with 0%

[224] Beto O'Rourke with 2%; Eric Adams and John Hickenlooper with 1%; Kirsten Gillibrand, Tim Kaine, Ilhan Omar, Deval Patrick, and Tom Steyer with 0%

[225] Cooper, Adams and Raimondo with 3%

[226] Gabbard with 1%; Beshear and Sinema with 0%

[227] Other/Don't know with 14%

[228] "Someone else" with 3%; Michael Bloomberg and Beto O'Rourke with 2%; Sherrod Brown, Andrew Yang, and Katie Porter with 1%

[229] "Someone else", Andy Beshear, Tulsi Gabbard and Kyrsten Sinema with 0%

[230] Beto O'Rourke with 3%, other with 29%

[231] Sherrod Brown with 4%

[232] "Someone else" and Tulsi Gabbard with 1%; Andy Beshear and Kyrsten Sinema with 0%

[233] Beto O'Rourke with 3%; Kirsten Gillibrand, John Hickenlooper, Tim Kaine, Deval Patrick and Tom Steyer with 1%; Ilhan Omar with 0%

[234] Beto O'Rourke with 3%, Kirsten Gillibrand, Deval Patrick and Tom Steyer with 1%; John Hickenlooper, Tim Kaine and Ilhan Omar with 0%

[235] O'Rourke and Yang with 2%; Besehar, Gabbard, and Gillibrand with 1%; Sinema with 0%

[236] Andrew Yang with 4%; John Hickenlooper and Beto O'Rourke with 2%; Kirsten Gillibrand and Tim Kaine with 1%; Ilhan Omar with 0%

[237] Sherrod Brown with 2%

[238] Beto O'Rourke and Andrew Yang with 3%; John Hickenlooper with 2%; Tim Kaine, Deval Patrick and Ilhan Omar with 1%

[239] Tim Kaine, Beto O'Rourke, Deval Patrick, and Andrew Yang with 2%; Kirsten Gillibrand, John Hickenlooper and Ilhan Omar with 1%

[240] Democratic subsample of full sample of 1,574 likely voters

[241] "Someone else" with 26%; Beto O'Rourke with 4%, Andrew Yang with 3%, Julian Castro with 2%; John Bel Edwards with 1%

[242] Andrew Yang with 4%, Kirsten Gillibrand, John Hickenlooper and Beto O'Rourke with 2%; Tim Kaine, Ilhan Omar, and Deval Patrick with 1%

[243] Andrew Yang with 4%, John Hickenlooper and Beto O'Rourke with 2%; Tim Kaine, Kirsten Gillibrand, Ilhan Omar, and Deval Patrick with 1%; Gavin Newsom with 0%

[244] John Hickenlooper with 3%; Tim Kaine with 2%; Kirsten Gillibrand, Ilhan Omar and Deval Patrick with 1%

[245] Kirsten Gillibrand, John Hickenlooper, Tim Kaine, Ilhan Omar, and Deval Patrick with 1%

[246] John Hickenlooper with 3%; Kirsten Gillibrand, Tim Kaine and Deval Patrick with 1%

[247] Andrew Yang with 14%, Beto O'Rourke with 6%, Kirsten Gillibrand with 4%

[248] Andrew Yang with 8%, Beto O'Rourke with 6%, Kirsten Gillibrand with 3%

[251] Biden's principal campaign committee, Biden for President, was also used for his earlier 2020 presidential campaign. Some of these figures, therefore, include money left over from that previous candidacy.

[131] Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies

[2] Democratic National Committee Rules and Bylaws Committee (April 13, 2022). "Resolution on the Principles and Framework of a Transparent and Fair Review of the Presidential Nominating Calendar" (PDF). democrats.org. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 18, 2022. Retrieved November 18, 2022.

[BidenRunning-3] Gittleson, Ben; Nagle, Molly (April 25, 2023). "Joe Biden announces he is running for president again, setting up possible Trump rematch". ABC News. Retrieved April 25, 2023.

[rcp20230509-4] "Real Clear Politics". Retrieved May 30, 2023.

[5] Dorn, Andrew (June 27, 2023). "Has an incumbent president ever lost to a primary challenger?". NewsNation. Retrieved July 7, 2023.

[6] "Could Trump Lose the Republican Nomination? Here's the History of Primary Challenges to Incumbent Presidents". Time. October 10, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2023.

[:1-7] Gangitano, Alex (November 18, 2021). "Harris says 2024 is 'absolutely not' being discussed yet with Biden". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 19, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2021.

[8] Gittleson, Ben (December 22, 2021). "Biden tells ABC's David Muir 'yes' he'll run again, Trump rematch would 'increase the prospect'". ABC News. Archived from the original on January 30, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2022.

[only_serve_a_single_term-9] Lizza, Ryan (December 11, 2019). "Biden signals to aides that he would serve only a single term". Politico. Retrieved August 27, 2023.

[off_the_record-10] "Rep. Carolyn Maloney says "off the record," Biden is "not running again"". CBS News. August 15, 2022. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.

[due_to_age-11] Vakil, Caroline (June 23, 2022). "SC Democratic governor candidate says Biden shouldn't run in 2024 due to age". The Hill. Archived from the original on September 3, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.

[joining-12] Reimann, Nicholas. "Rep. Tim Ryan Suggests Biden Shouldn't Run In 2024—Joining These Other Democrats". Forbes. Archived from the original on December 22, 2022. Retrieved December 22, 2022.

[:3-13] Otterbein, Holly (January 1, 2022). "The left is already looking to 2024. Some want to see a Biden primary challenge". Politico. Archived from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.

[:4-14] Dorman, John L. (January 2, 2022). "Former Sanders presidential campaign manager says Biden will have 'a progressive challenger' in 2024". Business Insider. Archived from the original on January 4, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.

[williamson-15] Weissert, Will (March 4, 2023). "Marianne Williamson opens long shot 2024 challenge to Biden". San Diego Union-Tribune. Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 5, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.

[16] Multiple sources:
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