CYP27A1

CYP27A1 is a gene encoding a cytochrome P450 oxidase, and is commonly known as sterol 27-hydroxylase. This enzyme is located in many different tissues where it is found within the mitochondria. It is most prominently involved in the biosynthesis of bile acids.

CYP27A1
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesCYP27A1, CP27, CTX, CYP27, cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1
External IDsOMIM: 606530 MGI: 88594 HomoloGene: 36040 GeneCards: CYP27A1
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

1593

104086

Ensembl

ENSG00000135929

ENSMUSG00000026170

UniProt

Q02318

Q9DBG1

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000784

NM_024264

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000775

NP_077226

Location (UCSC)Chr 2: 218.78 – 218.82 MbChr 1: 74.75 – 74.78 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

CYP27A1 participates in the degradation of cholesterol to bile acids in both the classic and acidic pathways.[5] It is the initiating enzyme in the acidic pathway to bile acids, yielding oxysterols by introducing a hydroxyl group to the carbon at the 27 position in cholesterol. In the acidic pathway, it produces 27-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol whereas in the classic or neutral pathway, it produces 3β-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid.

While CYP27A1 is present in many different tissues, its function in these tissues is largely uncharacterized. In macrophages, 27-hydroxycholesterol generated by this enzyme may be helpful against the production of inflammatory factors associated with cardiovascular disease.[6]

Clinical significance

Mutations in CYP27A1 are associated with cerebrotendineous xanthomatosis, a rare lipid storage disease.

Inhibitors of CYP27A1 may be effective as adjuvants in the treatment of ER-positive breast cancer due to inhibition of the production of 27-hydroxycholesterol (which has estrogenic actions and stimulates the growth of ER-positive breast cancer cells).[7] Some marketed drugs that have been identified as CYP27A1 inhibitors include anastrozole, fadrozole, bicalutamide, dexmedetomidine, ravuconazole, and posaconazole.[7]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [§ 1]

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Vitamin D Synthesis Pathway (view / edit)
  1. The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "VitaminDSynthesis_WP1531".

See also

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135929 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026170 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Chiang JY (February 1998). "Regulation of bile acid synthesis". Frontiers in Bioscience. 3 (4): d176-93. doi:10.2741/a273. PMID 9450986.
  6. Taylor JM, Borthwick F, Bartholomew C, Graham A (June 2010). "Overexpression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein increases macrophage cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein AI". Cardiovascular Research. 86 (3): 526–34. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvq015. PMID 20083572.
  7. Mast N, Lin JB, Pikuleva IA (September 2015). "Marketed Drugs Can Inhibit Cytochrome P450 27A1, a Potential New Target for Breast Cancer Adjuvant Therapy". Molecular Pharmacology. 88 (3): 428–36. doi:10.1124/mol.115.099598. PMC 4551053. PMID 26082378.

Further reading

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