1,1,2-Trichloroethane

1,1,2-Trichloroethane, or 1,1,2-TCA, is an organochloride solvent with the molecular formula C2H3Cl3 and the structural formula CH2Cl—CHCl2. It is a colourless, sweet-smelling liquid that does not dissolve in water, but is soluble in most organic solvents. It is an isomer of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and a byproduct of its manufacture.

1,1,2-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Other names
1,1,2-TCA
vinyl trichloride
beta-trichloroethane, symmetrical trichloroethane
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.001.061
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C2H3Cl3/c3-1-2(4)5/h2H,1H2 checkY
    Key: UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C2H3Cl3/c3-1-2(4)5/h2H,1H2
    Key: UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYAA
  • ClCC(Cl)Cl
  • C(C(Cl)Cl)Cl
Properties
C2H3Cl3
Molar mass 133.40 g/mol
Appearance colorless liquid[1]
Odor sweet, chloroform-like[1] (in high concentrations)
Density 1.435 g/cm3
Melting point −37 °C (−35 °F; 236 K)
Boiling point 110 to 115 °C (230 to 239 °F; 383 to 388 K)
0.4% (20°C)[1]
Vapor pressure 19 mmHg (20°C)[1]
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Potential occupational carcinogen
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamond
3
1
Explosive limits 6%-15.5%[1]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
1200 mg/kg (rat, orally)[2]
13,100 mg/m3 (cat, 4.5 hr)
2000 ppm (rat, 4 hr)[3]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 10 ppm (45 mg/m3) [skin][1]
REL (Recommended)
 Ca TWA 10 ppm (45 mg/m3) [skin][1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 Ca [100 ppm][1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
 1,1,1-Trichloroethane; Trichloroethylene
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

It is used as a solvent and as an intermediate in the synthesis of 1,1-dichloroethene.[4]

1,1,2-TCA is a central nervous system depressant and inhalation of vapors may cause dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, shortness of breath, and unconsciousness.[5]

Toxicology

Trichloroethane may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. It is a respiratory and eye irritant.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health have set occupational exposure limits to 1,1,2-Trichloroethane at 10 ppm over an eight-hour time-weighted average.[6]

References
  1. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0628". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane toxicity
  3. "1,1,2-Trichloroethane". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. Toxicological profile for 1,1,2-trichloroethane (PDF) (Report). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). March 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-03-05. Retrieved 2023-08-23.
  5. "Safety (MSDS) data for 1,1,2-trichloroethane" (PDF).
  6. CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
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