List of wars involving India

This is a list of known wars, conflicts, battles/sieges, missions and operations involving former kingdoms and states in the Indian subcontinent and the modern day Republic of India and its predecessors.

Ancient India (c. 15th to 1st century BCE)

Name of conflict Belligerents Belligerents Outcome
Battle of the Ten Kings (c. 14th century BCE) Bharata kingdom Ten King Alliance Bharatas Victory
Kurukshetra War Pandavas of Kuru Kingdom Kaurava of Kuru Kingdom Pandavas Victory
  • After Pandavas victory, entire North India or central India come under Kuru rule.
Kosala-Kashi war
(c. 650 BCE)
Kosala kingdom Kasi kingdom Kosala Victory
  • Kosala annexation of Kāsī
Kosala conquest of Gaṇasaṅgha
(c. 600 to 550 BCE)
Kosala kingdom Gaṇasaṅghas
Kālāma
Shakya
Koliya
Kosala Victory
  • Kosala annexation of three Gaṇasaṅgha
Gandhāra-Avanti war
(c. 575 BCE)
Gandhāra kingdom Pradyota dynasty Gandhāra Victory
Magadha-Anga war
(c. 535 BCE)
Haryanka dynasty Anga Kingdom Magadha Victory
  • Magadhan annexation of Anga
Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley
(c. 535/518BCE450 BCE)
Mahajanapadas Achaemenid Empire Achaemenid Victory
  • Persian rule established over the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent
Avanti-Magadhan wars
(c. 510 BCE400 BCE)
Haryanka dynasty
Shishunaga dynasty
Avanti (Ancient India) Magadha Victory
  • Magadhan annexation of Avanti
Magadha-Kosala war
(c. 485 BCE)
Kosala kingdom Magadha led by Haryanka dynasty Magadha Victory
  • Magadhan annexation of Kosala
Magadha-Vajji war
(c. 484 BCE468 BCE)
Haryanka dynasty Vajjika League led by the Licchavis Magadha Victory
  • Magadhan annexation of Vajji confederacy
Indian campaign of Alexander the Great
(c. 327 BCE325 BCE)
Macedonian Empire Various Indian kingdoms * Macedonia conquers up to the Beas River, yet has to stop its advance in the Indus.
Battle of the Hydaspes
(c. 326 BCE)
Porus Macedon
League of Corinth
Persian allies
Indian allies
Macedon Victory
  • Annexation of Punjab
  • Porus became his province chief
Conquest of the Nanda Empire
(c. 323 BCE322 BCE)
Chandragupta Maurya Nanda Empire Maurya Victory
Seleucid–Mauryan war
(c. 305 BCE303 BCE)
Maurya Empire Seleucid Empire Maurya Victory
  • Maurya annexation of all of the Macedonian Satrapies in the Indus River Valley
Kalinga War
(c. 262 BCE261 BCE)
Maurya Empire Kalinga Maurya Victory
  • Maurya annexation of Kalinga
Kharavela conquest of Magadha
(between 180 and 160 BCE)
Mahameghavahana dynasty Shunga Empire Mahameghavahana Victory
Kharavela conquest of Dravidian Kingdoms
(between 180 and 160 BCE)
Mahameghavahana dynasty Dravidian Kingdoms Mahameghavahana Victory
Battle of Vijithapura
(c. 162/161 BCE)
Chola dynasty Anuradhapura Kingdom Anuradhapura Victory
Battle of Vidarbha
(c. 145 BCE)
Shunga Empire Vidarbha kingdom (Mauryan era) Shunga Victory
Battle on the Sindhu river
(c. 135 BCE)
Shunga Empire Indo-Greek Kingdom Shunga Victory

Classical India (c. 1st to 6th century CE)

Name of conflict Belligerents Belligerents Outcome
Saka-Satavahana Wars (c. 1st–2nd century CE) Satavahana Empire Western Kshatrapas Satvahana Victory
Battle of Venni (c. 130 CE) Cholas (Uraiyur) Chera dynasty
Pandya dynasty
Velir
Chola Victory
Second Parthian-Kushan War (between c. 130 CE to c. 140 CE) Kushan Empire Parthian Empire
Kushan Victory
Samudragupta conquest of Western Satraps
(c. 350 to c. 360 CE)
Gupta Empire Western Satraps Guptas Victory
Chandragupta II conquest of Western Satraps
(c. 390 to c. 410 CE)
Gupta Empire Western Satraps Guptas Victory
Skandagupta conquest of Hunas
(c. 455 to c. 457 CE)
Gupta Empire Alchon Huns Guptas Victory
First Hunnic War
(c. 496–515 CE)
Indian Kingdoms confederacy, Gupta Empire
Aulikara Empire
Later Gupta dynasty
Alchon Huns Indian kingdoms Victory
Second Hunnic War
(incl. Battle of Sondani (c. 528 CE))

(c. 520–534 CE)
Indian Kingdoms confederacy, Aulikara Empire
Gupta Empire
Later Gupta dynasty
Alchon Huns Indian Kingdoms Victory

Early Medieval India (c. 7th to 12th century CE)

Name of conflict Belliegents Opponents Outcome
Battle of Narmada
(619 CE)
Chalukyas of Vatapi Vardhana dynasty Chalukya victory
Battle of Pullalur
(618–619 CE)
Chalukyas of Vatapi Pallava dynasty Chalukya victory
  • Result of battle is inconclusive by mostly historians
  • Part of Chalukya–Pallava Wars
Battle of Vatapi
(642 CE)
Chalukyas of Vatapi Pallava dynasty Pallava victory
  • Pallava victory and conquest of Vatapi
  • Part of Chalukya–Pallava Wars
Umayyad campaigns in India
(712–740 CE)
Gurjara-Pratihara
Guhila dynasty
Maitraka dynasty
Chalukya dynasty
Karkota Empire
Umayyad Caliphate Indian Victory
  • Arab and later Muslim invasions halted in India for next 250 years.
Ghaznavid campaigns in India
(10th and 11th centuries)
Hindu Shahis
Rajput confedaracy
Jatts
Chandelas
Kachchhapaghata dynasty
Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty
Lodi dynasty of Multan
Tomara dynasty
Ghaznavids Ghaznavid Victory
  • Beginning of Muslim rule in the Indian Subcontinent
Chalukya–Chola wars
(992–1120 CE)
Chola Empire Western Chalukya Empire Chola Victory
Chola conquest of Anuradhapura
(993–1017 CE)
Chola Empire Anuradhapura Kingdom Chola Victory
Chola expedition to North India
(1019–1024 CE)
Chola Empire Somavamsi dynasty
Pala Empire
Kamboja Pala dynasty
Chandra dynasty
Chola victory
Chola invasion of Srivijaya
(1025 CE)
Chola Empire Srivijaya Chola Victory
Chola invasion of Kadaram
(1068 CE)
Chola Empire Srivijaya Chola Victory
Battle of Kasahrada
(1178 CE)
Rajput Confedracy Ghurid dynasty Rajput Victory
First Battle of Tarain
(1191 CE)
Rajput Confedracy Ghurid dynasty Rajput Victory
Second Battle of Tarain
(1192 CE)
Rajput Confedracy Ghurid dynasty Ghurids Victory

Late Medieval India (c. 13th to 15th century CE)

Name of conflict Belligerents Belligerents Outcome
Battle of Katasin
(1243)
Ganga Empire Mamluk dynasty (Delhi) Ganga Empire Victory
Second seizure of Lakhnauti
(1244)
Ganga Empire Mamluk dynasty (Delhi) Ganga Empire Victory
Battles of Umurdan
(1247 to 1256)
Ganga Empire Mamluk dynasty (Delhi) Ganga Empire Victory
Battle of Beas River
(1285)
Delhi Sultanate Chagatai Khanate Delhi Sultanate Victory
Mongol invasion of India
(12971298)
Delhi Sultanate Chagatai Khanate Delhi Sultanate Victory
  • Mongol forces expelled from India
Battle of Kili
(1299)
Khalji dynasty Chagatai Khanate Khalji Victory
Siege of Ranthambore
(1301)
Delhi Sultanate Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura Delhi Sultanate Victory
Siege of Chittorgarh
(1303)
Delhi Sultanate Guhila dynasty Delhi Sultanate Victory
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat
(1304)
Delhi Sultanate Vaghela dynasty Delhi Sultanate Victory
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Malwa
(1305)
Delhi Sultanate Paramara dynasty Delhi Sultanate Victory
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Devagiri
(1308)
Delhi Sultanate Seuna dynasty Delhi Sultanate Victory
Siege of Warangal (1310) Kakatiya Empire Khalji dynasty Khalji Victory
Malik Kafur's invasion of the Pandya kingdom
(1310–1311)
Pandyan Kingdom Khalji dynasty Khalji Victory
Siege of Warangal (1318) Kakatiya Empire Khalji dynasty Khalji Victory
Battle of Lahrawat
(1320)
Khusrau Khan Tughlaq dynasty Tughlaq Victory
Siege of Warangal (1323) Kakatiya Empire Tughlaq dynasty Tughlaq Victory
Battle of Singoli
(1336)
Kingdom of Mewar Tughlaq dynasty Rajput Victory
Bengal Sultanate–Delhi Sultanate War
(13531359)
Delhi Sultanate Bengal Sultanate Bengal Sultanate Victory
  • Withdrawal by the Delhi Sultanate
  • Delhi recognises sovereignty of the Sultan of Bengal
Jaunpur-Bhojpur War
(13891489)
Jaunpur Sultanate Ujjainiyas of Bhojpur Jaunpur Sultanate Victory
  • Ujjainiyas flee into the forest and lead a guerilla warfare resistance
Battle of Delhi (1398)
(1398)
Timurid Empire Delhi Sultanate Timurid Empire Victory
Bengal Sultanate–Jaunpur Sultanate War
(14151420)
Bengal Sultanate
Diplomatic support:
Timurid Empire
Ming China
Jaunpur Sultanate Bengal Sultanate Victory
Battle of Sarangpur
(1437)
Kingdom of Mewar
Kingdom of Marwar
Malwa Sultanate Rajput Victory
Battle of Mandalgarh and Banas
(1442-1446)
Kingdom of Mewar Malwa Sultanate Rajput Victory
Battle of Nagaur
(1457)
Kingdom of Mewar Gujarat Sultanate
Nagaur Sultanate
Rajput Victory

Early Modern India (c. 16th to mid 19th century CE)

Name of conflict (Time) Belligerents Opponents Outcome
Battle of Khatoli
(1518)
Kingdom of Mewar Delhi Sultanate Rajput victory
Battle of Gagron
(1519)
Rajput Confedracy Malwa Sultanate
Gujarat Sultanate
Rajput victory
Battle of Dholpur
(1519)
Rajput Confedracy Delhi Sultanate Rajput victory
  • The boundaries of Rana Sanga's military influence came to extend within striking distance of Agra.
  • Chanderi bestowed to Medini Rai.
  • Part of Rana Sanga's conquests.
Battle of Gujarat (1520)
(1520)
Rajput Confedracy Gujarat Sultanate Rajput victory
  • Royal treasuries of Gujarat plundered by Rana Sanga
  • Idar given to Rao Rai Mal Rathore
  • Part of Rana Sanga's conquests.
Battle of Raichur
(20 May 1520)
Vijaynagar Empire Sultanate of Bijapur Vijaynagar victory
First Battle of Panipat
(1526)
Delhi Sultanate Emirate of Kabul Mughal victory
  • Delhi Sultanate annexed by Mughals
  • Foundation of the Mughal Empire
Battle of Bayana
(21 February 1527)
Rajput Confedracy Mughal Empire
  • Afghans
Rajput victory
Battle of Khanwa
(16 March 1527)
Rajput Confederacy Mughal Empire Mughal victory
  • Mughal rule established in North India by Babur and Agra became centre of their power from Kabul.
Battle of Ghaghra
(1529)
Mughal Empire Sultanate of Bengal Mughal victory
  • Bihar annexed by the Mughals
Battle of Kannauj
(1540)
Mughal Empire Sur Empire Sur victory
Battle of Sammel
(1544)
Kingdom of Marwar Sur Empire Sur victory
  • Bikaner and Merta became independent from Marwar
Battle of Sirhind (1555) Sur Empire Mughal Empire Mughal victory
  • Re-Establishment of Mughal Empire By Humayun
Second Battle of Panipat
(1556)
Hemchandra Vikramaditya Mughal Empire Mughal victory
Battle of Tughlaqabad
(7 October 1556)
Hem Chandra Vikramaditya Mughal Empire Hem Chandra victory
  • Hem Chandra annexed mostly Mughals or Sur Empire's region and established a strong Hindu Empire
  • Part of 22 battles fought by Hemu
Battle of Talikota
(23 January 1565)
Vijaynagar Empire Deccan Sultanates Deccan Sultanates victory
  • Vijayanagara was destroyed or looted by Muslim armies.
  • Penukonda became second capital of Vijaynagar Empire.
Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)
(23 October 1567 – 23 February 1568)
Kingdom of Mewar Mughal Empire Mughal victory
Siege of Ranthambore (1568)
(8 February 1568 – 21 March 1568)
Kingdom of Mewar Mughal Empire Mughal victory
  • Rajput leader Rai Surjan Hada surrenders Ranthambore Fort
Mughal invasion of Bengal
(15721576)
Mughal Empire Sultanate of Bengal Mughal victory
Battle of Haldighati
(18 June 1576)
Kingdom of Mewar Mughal Empire Inconclusive
Battle of Dewair (1582)
(1582)
Kingdom of Mewar Mughal Empire Rajput victory
  • Result of war led to the automatic liquidation of all 36 Mughal military outposts in Mewar
Battle of Dewair (1606)
(1606)
Kingdom of Mewar Mughal Empire Rajput victory
  • Amar Singh I led a hard-fought battle to defend his territory, and personally killed the Mughal commander Sultan Khan
  • Asaf Khan retreated from the battlefield.
Mughal expedition of Mewar
(1615)
Kingdom of Mewar Mughal Empire Mughal victory
Ahom–Mughal conflicts
(16151682)
Ahom kingdom Mughal Empire Ahom victory
  • Extension of Ahom influence to the Manas river
Battle of Toppur
(1616–17)
Imperial forces of Vijaynagar Empire
Nayaks of Tanjore
Second faction of Vijayanagara Empire
Nayaks of Gingee
Nayaks of Madurai
Pandyas of Tirunelveli
Kingdom of Travancore
Portuguese
Imperial Vijayanagara forces victory
  • It was the battle which cause the complete disintegration of the Vijayanagar Empire, which was reviving slowly.
Mughal–Safavid War (1622–23)
(16221623)
Mughal Empire Safavid Empire Safavid victory
Early Mugal-Sikh Wars (16211658) Sikhs Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • Sikh assert power
  • Mughal invulnerability shattered
Battle of Rohila (1621) Sikhs Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • 14,000 Mughal soldiers killed
  • Governor of Jalandhar killed
Battle of Amritsar (1634) Sikhs Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • Entire Mughal force killed
Battle of Lahira (1634) Sikhs Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • 35,000 Mughal soldiers killed
  • 100 taken prisoner
  • Governor of Kabul killed
Battle of Kartarpur
(1635)
Sikhs Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • Guru Hargobind led Sikh army deafeated Mughals
  • Shah Jahan ends attacks on Sikh
  • 50,000-96,000 Mughals killed
Siege of Orchha (1635)
(1635)
Bundela Rajputs Mughal Empire Mughal Victory
Battle of Phagwara (1635) Sikhs Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • Mughals repulsed
Battle of Kiratpur (1638) Sikhs Mughal Empire Sikh victory
Mughal–Safavid War (1649–53)
(16491653)
Mughal Empire Safavid Empire Persian victory
  • Safavid/Persian re-annexation of Kandahar
Battle of Sutlej (1653) Sikhs Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • Mughal repulsed
Invasions of Kiratpur (1658) Sikhs Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • No Sikh soldiers killed
  • 3 Mughal Generals killed
Mughal conquest of Chittagong
(16651666)
Mughal Empire Kingdom of Mrauk U Mughal victory
  • Mughal annexation of southeastern Bengal
Rajput War (1679–1707)
(1679–1707)
Kingdom of Marwar
Kingdom of Mewar
Mughal Empire Rajput victory
  • Aurangzeb was unable to gain any lasting success
Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal war of 1679-1684
(16791684)
Ladakh
Mughal Empire
Tibet
Zungar Empire
Mughal military victory
  • Mughal withdrawal after signing a treaty with the Ladakhis
  • Tibetan victory in another attack in 1684 with the assistance of reinforcements from the Zungar Empire
  • Treaty of Tingmosgang
Deccan Wars
(16811707)
 Maratha Empire Mughal Empire Maratha victory
  • Permanent end to Mughal expansion in Deccan/Peninsular India
Siege of Bijapur
(16851686)
  Bijapur Sultanate
 Maratha Empire
Mughal Empire Mughal victory
  • Mughal Empire annexes Bijapur State
Child's War
(16861690)
Mughal Empire  East India Company Mughal victory
  • British conclusion of peace with the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1689
Siege of Golconda
(1687)
Mughal Empire Golconda Sultanate Mughal victory
  • Mughal Empire annexes Golconda
Battle of Bhangani (1688) Sikhs Alliance of 16 Hill States, including:

Kahlur

Garhwal

Kangra

Guler

Hindur

Siba

Jaswan

Sikh victory
Battle of Nadaun (1691) Bilaspur State

Akal Sena (Sikhs)

Mughal Empire

Kangra State

Bijarwal State

Sikh victory
Battle of Guler (1696) Sikhs Mughal Empire Sikh victory
Battle of Anandpur (1699) Sikhs Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas) Sikh victory
Battle of Anandpur (1700) Sikhs Mughal Empire

Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas)

Sikh victory
First siege of Anandpur (1700) Sikhs Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas), Ranghars, and Gujars Sikh victory
  • Sikhs hold off attacking forces
  • 150,000+ of the coalition force killed
  • Sikh suffer minor casualties
  • Sikh leave Anandpur
Second siege of Anandpur (1704) Sikhs Mughal Empire

Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas)

Peace Treaty
  • Mughals and Hill Rajas taken an oath to never attack the Sikh if they abandon Anandpur
  • Mughals and Hill Rajas break oath
Battle of Chamkaur (1704) Sikhs Mughal Empire

Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas)

Mughal and Hill Raja Victory
  • Fail to capture Guru Gobind Singh
  • Mughal and Hill Rajas suffer heavy casualties
Rajput Rebellion 1708-1710
(1708–1710)
Kingdom of Marwar
Kingdom of Mewar
Kingdom of Amber
Mughal Empire Rajput victory
  • Mughal emperor sued for peace
  • Restoration of the Rajput holdings which had been annexed by the previous Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
Nadir Shah's invasion of India
(17381739)
Mughal Empire Afsharid dynasty Persian victory
  • Persian occupation and plundering of Delhi
Travancore–Dutch War
(incl. Battle of Colachel (Kulachal) 10 August 1741

(17391753)
Travancore Dutch RepublicDutch Empire Travancore victory
  • Dutch colonization halted in Travancore
Battle of Vasai
(1739)
 Maratha Empire Portuguese Empire Maratha victory
Battle of Karnal
(1739February 13, 1739)
Mughal Empire Persian Afsharid Empire Persian victory
Siege of Trichinopoly (1741)
(1741)
 Maratha Empire Mughal Empire Maratha victory
Expeditions in Bengal
(17411748)
 Maratha Empire Mughal Empire Peace treaty
  • Maratha annexation of the territory up to the river Suvarnarekha from Bengal
Seven Years' War
(17541763)
 France

Austria Austria
Russian Empire Russia (until 1762)
Spain Spanish Empire (from 1761)
Sweden Sweden (1757–62)
 Saxony
Mughal Empire (from 1757)

 Prussia

 Great Britain
Province of Hanover Hanover
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Iroquois Confederacy
Portugal (from 1761)
Hesse-Kassel
Schaumburg-Lippe

Status quo ante in Europe, but transfer of colonial possessions between Britain, France and Spain
  • French cession of New France (excluding Louisiana) to Britain and recognition of British supremacy in Bengal
  • Spanish cession of Florida to Britain
  • French cession of Louisiana to Spain
  • British cession of Cuba and Manila (Philippine Islands) to Spain
Maratha conquest of North-west India
(17571758)
 Maratha Empire Durrani Empire Peace treaty
Battle of Plassey
(1757)
 East India Company Nawab of Bengal
French East India Company
Company victory
Third Battle of Panipat
(1761)
 Maratha Empire Durrani Empire Durrani victory
  • Sadashiv Bahu led Martha's forces defeated by Ahmad shah abdali
Battle of Buxar
(1764)
 East India Company Mughal Empire Company victory
First Anglo-Mysore War
(17671769)
 East India Company
 Maratha Empire
Nawab of the Carnatic
Hyderabad
 Mysore Mysore victory
First Anglo-Maratha War
(17751782)
 Maratha Empire  East India Company Maratha victory
Second Anglo-Mysore War
(17801784)
 Mysore  East India Company
 Maratha Empire
Status quo ante bellum
Maratha-Mysore War
(17851787)
 Maratha Empire  Mysore Maratha victory
  • Treaty of Gajendragad
Third Anglo-Mysore War
(17891792)
 East India Company
 Maratha Empire
Hyderabad
Travancore
 Mysore Maratha-Hyderabad-British victory
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
(17981799)
 East India Company
 Maratha Empire
Hyderabad
Travancore
 Mysore Maratha-Hyderabad-British victory
Second Anglo-Maratha War
(18031805)
 Maratha Empire  East India Company British victory
Battle of Vizagapatam
(1804)
 East India Company
 United Kingdom
 France French victory
Anglo-Nepalese War
(18141816)
 East India Company
Garhwal Kingdom
Patiala State
Kingdom of Sikkim
Nepal Company victory
Capture of East India Company ship Nautilus
(1815)
 East India Company United States United States American victory
  • Capture of Nautilus by American forces
Third Anglo-Maratha War
(18171818)
 Maratha Empire  East India Company British victory
First Anglo-Burmese War
(18241826)
 East India Company Burmese Empire Company victory
First Anglo-Afghan War
(18391842)
 East India Company Emirate of Afghanistan Afghan victory
First Opium War
(18391842)
 Great Britain  Qing dynasty Company victory
First Anglo-Sikh War
(18451846)
Sikh Empire  East India Company
 Patiala
Company victory
Second Anglo-Sikh War
(18481849)
Sikh Empire  East India Company Company victory
Second Anglo-Burmese War
(1852)
 East India Company Burmese Empire Company victory
Anglo-Persian War
(18561857)
United Kingdom United Kingdom

Afghanistan

Iran Company victory
Indian Rebellion of 1857
(18571858)
Mughal Empire
Oudh
Forces of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi
Forces of Nana Sahib Peshwa II
Various other Rajas, Nawabs, Zamindars, Taluqdars, and chieftains
 East India Company
 United Kingdom
Nepal
Various other Rajas, Nawabs, Zamindars, Taluqdars, and chieftains
Company victory
  • Suppression of the rebellions
  • End of the Mughal Empire and Company rule in India
  • Establishment of Crown rule in India (British Raj)

Modern India (c. 1850s to 1947 CE)

Wars involving British Indian Empire

Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India company came to end and the British crown began to rule over India directly as per the Government of India Act 1858. India was now a single empire comprising British India and the princely states.

Name of conflict India
and allies
Opponents Outcome
Second Opium War
(18561860)
United Kingdom British Empire

French Empire

 China Victory
Ambela Campaign
(18631864)
 India Afghan Pashtuns
Yusufzai tribes
Victory
  • Bunerwals surrender.
  • Malka burned.
Bhutan War
(18641865)
 India Bhutan Victory
  • Bhutanese territorial cessions to India.
British Expedition to Abyssinia
(18671868)
United Kingdom United Kingdom Ethiopian Empire Victory
  • British victory at the Battle of Magdala, Theodore II commits suicide.
Second Anglo-Afghan War
(18781880)
United Kingdom United Kingdom Afghanistan Victory
  • Treaty of Gandamak, British objectives attained.
  • Afghanistan's tribal frontier areas annexed into British India.
  • Afghanistan becomes a British Protectorate.
Mahdist War
(18811899)
Congo Free State
United Kingdom United Kingdom

Egypt Egypt
Ethiopia

Mahdist Sudan Victory
Anglo-Egyptian War
(1882)
United Kingdom United Kingdom

Tewfik Pasha

Ahmed Orabi Victory
Third Anglo-Burmese War
(1885)
 India Burmese Empire Victory
  • The province of Burma became part of India.
Third Black Mountain Expedition
(1888)
 India Hassanzai and Akazai tribes. Victory
  • Allaiwal village of Pokal occupied and destroyed.
Sikkim Expedition
(1888)
 India Tibet Tibet Victory
  • Tibetan forces expelled from Sikkim.
Hunza-Nagar Campaign
(1891)
 India Hunza
Nagar
Victory
Chitral Expedition
(1895)
 India Chitralis Bajouri and Afghan Tribesmen Victory
  • Fort of Chitral relieved.
Anglo-Zanzibar War
(1896)
 Britain Zanzibar Sultanate Victory
Tochi Expedition
(1896)
 India Waziris Victory
  • Rebellion put down.
Siege of Malakand
(1897)
 India پشتون Pashtun tribes Victory
  • Siege successful.
First Mohmand Campaign
(18971898)
 India Mohmands Victory
Tirah Campaign
(18971898)
 India Afridis
Orakzais
Chamkanis
Victory
  • Negotiations for peace were then begun with the Afridis.
Boxer Rebellion
(18991901)
Empire of Japan Empire of Japan
Russian Empire Russia
British Empire United Kingdom

France France
 United States
German Empire Germany
 Austria-Hungary
Kingdom of Italy Italy

Yihetuan Movement
 China
Victory
  • The rebellion was suppressed.
  • Signing of the Boxer Protocol.
  • Provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing.
Second Boer War
(18991902)
 United Kingdom  Orange Free State
 South African Republic
Victory
British expedition to Tibet
(19031904)
 India  Tibet Victory
Bambatha Rebellion
(1906)
United Kingdom United Kingdom Zulu people Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed
Bazar Valley Campaign
(1908)
 India Zakka Khel clan of the Afridi Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed
World War I
(19141918)
 France
British Empire United Kingdom

Russia Russia
 Italy
 United States
 Serbia
 Montenegro
 Belgium
 Japan
 Romania
 Portugal
Hejaz
Beiyang government China
 Greece
Brazil
Kingdom of Nepal

 Germany
 Austria-Hungary
 Ottoman Empire
 Bulgaria
Victory
Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
(19181920)
Russian Empire White Movement
United Kingdom British Empire

 Japan
 Czechoslovakia
 Greece
 Poland
 United States
France France
 Romania
 Serbia
 Italy
Beiyang government China

 Russian SFSR
 Far Eastern Republic
Latvian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
Commune of Estonia
Mongolian communists
Withdrawal
  • Allied withdrawal from Russia.
  • Bolshevik victory over White Army.
Turkish War of Independence
(19191923)
 Greece

French Third Republic France

Armenia Armenia
United Kingdom United Kingdom

Ottoman Empire Istanbul Government

Kingdom of Italy Italy
Georgia

Ankara Government

Kuva-yi Milliye

Defeat[1]
Third Anglo-Afghan War
(1919)
United Kingdom United Kingdom Afghanistan Armistice
  • Treaty of Rawalpindi
  • Afghan invasion repelled.
  • Afghanistan regains control of external affairs.
  • Reaffirmation of the Durand Line.
First Waziristan Campaign
(1919)
 India Waziristan Victory
  • Suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
Kuwait–Najd War
(19191920)
British Empire United Kingdom

Kuwait

Sultanate of Nejd Victory
  • Ikhawan retreat.
Iraqi revolt
(1920)
United Kingdom United Kingdom Iraqi rebels Victory
Malabar rebellion
(1921)
 India Mappila Muslims Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed.
Pink's War
(1925)
 India Mahsud tribesmen Victory
  • Tribal leaders accept terms.
Second Mohmand Campaign
(1935)
 India Mohmands Victory
Second Waziristan Campaign
(19361939)
 India Waziri tribesmen Victory
  • Suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
World War II
(19391945)
 Soviet Union
 United States
 United Kingdom
 China
France France
 Free France
Poland
 Yugoslavia
 Greece
Republican Spain
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
 Denmark
 Norway
 Czechoslovakia
FTM
 Canada
 Australia
 New Zealand
 India
 Ceylon
British Burma
Egypt
Sudan
Nigeria
 South Africa
Philippines Philippines
Ethiopian Empire Ethiopia
Brazil
 Mexico
 Colombia
Cuba
 Chile
 Peru
Mongolian People's Republic Mongolia
 Tuva
Viet Minh
KLA
Kingdom of Nepal
 Germany
 Japan
 Italy
Vichy France
 Romania
Kingdom of Hungary Hungary
 Bulgaria
Slovakia
Bohemia and Moravia
 Croatia
 Finland
 Francoist Spain
Kingdom of Albania
German Albania
Thailand
 Iraq
Azad Hind
Japanese Burma
 Manchukuo
 Mengjiang
Victory
Western Desert Campaign
(1940–1943)
 United Kingdom

 Australia
 New Zealand
Egypt
 South Africa
 Free France
Poland
Greece
Czechoslovakia

 Italy

Supported by:
 Germany

Victory
  • Allied Victory
East African Campaign
(1940–1943)
 United Kingdom

 Belgium

 Ethiopia
 Free France

 Italy

Supported by:
 Germany

Victory
  • Collapse of Italian East Africa
Indonesian National Revolution
(19451947)
Netherlands Netherlands
United Kingdom United Kingdom
Indonesia Indonesia Withdrawal
  • Indian withdrawal after independence in 1947.
  • The Netherlands recognises Indonesian independence.
Operation Masterdom
(19451946)
United Kingdom United Kingdom

France France
Japan Japan

Viet Minh Victory

Wars involving Azad Hind

Azad Hind (with its Indian National Army) was a provisional government put in place in Japanese-occupied India by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose with the help of Japan during World War II.

Name of conflict Azad Hind
and allies
Opponents Outcome
Azad Hind intervention in World War II
(19441945)
 Germany
 Japan
 Italy
Vichy France
 Romania
Kingdom of Hungary Hungary
 Bulgaria
Slovakia
Bohemia and Moravia
 Croatia
 Finland
 Francoist Spain
Kingdom of Albania
German Albania
Thailand
 Iraq
Azad Hind
Japanese Burma
 Manchukuo
 Mengjiang
 Soviet Union
 United States
 United Kingdom
 China
France France
 Free France
Poland
 Yugoslavia
 Greece
Republican Spain
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
 Denmark
 Norway
 Czechoslovakia
FTM
 Canada
 Australia
 New Zealand
 India
 Ceylon
British Burma
Egypt
Sudan
Nigeria
 South Africa
Philippines Philippines
Ethiopian Empire Ethiopia
Brazil
 Mexico
 Colombia
Cuba
 Chile
 Peru
Mongolian People's Republic Mongolia
 Tuva
Viet Minh
KLA
Kingdom of Nepal
Defeat

Post-Colonial India (c. 1947–present)

Wars involving the Union and Republic of India

In 1947, the British Indian Empire split into the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India. The Indian Army, the Royal Indian Air Force and the Royal Indian Navy too, were divided between the two countries. In 1950, the Union of India became the Republic of India after abolishing monarchy.

  Indian defeat
  Indian victory
  Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)
  Ongoing conflict
Name of conflict India
and allies
Opponents Outcome
Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
(19471948)
 India  Pakistan
Furqan Force
Ceasefire
Integration of Junagadh
(1947)
 India Junagadh Victory
  • Annexation of Junagadh into India
Operation Polo
(1948)
 India Hyderabad Victory
  • Annexation of Hyderabad into India
Korean War
(1950–1953)
 South Korea

United Nations
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Canada
 Turkey
 Australia
 Philippines
 New Zealand
 Thailand
 Ethiopia
 Greece
 France
 Colombia
 Belgium
 South Africa
 Netherlands
 Luxembourg Supported by:

 North Korea


 China
 Soviet Union Supported by:

Stalemate
  • Formation of the DMZ
Integration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
(1954)
 India Portugal Portugal Victory
Congo Crisis
(19601964)
1960–63:

Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo


Supported by:
 Soviet Union (1960)
United Nations ONUC[lower-alpha 1]

1960–63:

 Katanga
 South Kasai
Supported by:
 Belgium[lower-alpha 2]


1960–62:
Democratic Republic of the Congo Stanleyville government
Supported by:
 Soviet Union

Victory
Annexation of Goa
(1961)
 India Portugal Portugal Victory
Sino-Indian War of 1962
(1962)
 India  China Defeat
  • PRC consolidates its position in Aksai Chin and control up to its 1960 claimline.[2]
Insurgency in Northeast India
(1964)
 India
 Bhutan (joined in 2003)
 Bangladesh (joined in 1971)

 Myanmar (joined in 2018)

ATTF

BLTF
HuM
KLNLF
KLO
NDFB
NSCN
PLA
ULFA
UNLF
and others...

Ongoing
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
(1965)
 India  Pakistan Inconclusive
Naxalite-Maoist insurgency
(1967)
 India Ongoing
Nathu La and Cho La clashes
(1967)
 India  China Victory
Bangladesh Liberation War
(incl. Indo-Pakistani War of 1971)

(1971)
 India
Bangladesh Bangladesh

Supported by:
 Soviet Union[6][7]

 Pakistan

Supported by:
 United States[8][9]
 United Kingdom[10]
 China[11]
 Iran[12][13]
 Ceylon[14][15][16][17]
 Saudi Arabia[18]

Victory
The First JVP insurrection
(1971)
Dominion of Ceylon Ceylon

Australia Australia
Egypt Egypt
India India
Pakistan Pakistan
Singapore Singapore
Soviet Union Soviet Union
United Kingdom United Kingdom
United States United States
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia
China China

JVP

Supported by:
 North Korea (alleged)
Ba'athist Iraq ASBPI
CCP (Maoist) (alleged)

Victory
  • Rebel forces surrender
  • Ceylonese government reestablishes control over entire island
Siachen conflict
(19842003)
 India  Pakistan Victory
Operation Blue Star (1984)  India

Supported by:
 United Kingdom

 Soviet Union

Sikh militants Victory
  • Indian forces suffer high casualties
Insurgency in Punjab (1984-1995)  India

Supported by:
 United Kingdom

 Soviet Union

Sikh militants

Supported by:
 Pakistan

Victory
  • Militancy defeated
Operation Flowers are Blooming
(1986)
 India
 Seychelles
Military of Seychelles Victory
  • Aversion of the coup
  • Resignation of Berlouis
The Second JVP insurrection
(1987–1989)
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka
India India
 United States
 United Kingdom

Military support:

JVP
Deshapremi Janatha Viyaparaya
IUSF

Supported by:

Victory
  • Emergency conditions in South-western and Central provinces of Sri Lanka lifted
  • Insurgency declined following the fall of the Eastern bloc
Sri Lankan Civil War
(19871990)
 India
 Sri Lanka
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam Withdrawal
Operation Cactus
(1988)
 India
Maldives Maldives
PLOTE
Maldives Maldivian rebels
Victory
  • Restoration of government rule in Maldives
Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
(1989)
 India Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami

Lashkar-e-Taiba
Jaish-e-Mohammed
Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
Al-Badr
Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front


Supported by:
 Pakistan[19]
Afghanistan Taliban[20]
al-Qaeda[20]

Ongoing
Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997) United Nations UNMOT

Non-UNMOT:

United Tajik Opposition
Afghanistan Taliban
Victory
United Nations Operation in Somalia II
(1993–1995)

(Part of the Somali Civil War)
(1991)

United Nations UNOSOM II Somalia Somali National Alliance Inconclusive/Other Result
Kargil War
(1999)
 India  Pakistan

Victory

Operation Ocean Shield
(2009–2016)
 NATO

Non-NATO:

Pirates

Victory

  • Number of Somali pirate attacks have been reduced dramatically.

See also

Notes

  1. ONUC, the United Nations Operation in the Congo, included troops from Ghana, Tunisia, Morocco, Ethiopia, Ireland, Guinea, Sweden, Mali, Sudan, Liberia, Canada, India, Indonesia and the United Arab Republic among others.
  2. The secession of Katanga and South Kasai was also supported by South Africa, France and the neighbouring Central African Federation. However, it was never officially recognised by any other state.

References

  1. Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the world: a global guide to citizens' rights and responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205.
  2. Raghavan, Srinath (2010). War and Peace in Modern India. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 284. ISBN 978-1-137-00737-7. Archived from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021. On 21 November Beijing announced a unilateral ceasefire to be followed by the withdrawal of Chinese troops to the north of the McMahon Line. But China would retain control up to its 1960 claimline in Ladakh—a situation that persists till today.
  3. http://www.asianage.com/debate/age-debate-after-tripura-it-time-revoke-afspa-jammu-and-kashmir-922
  4. "AFSPA removed from Meghalaya, eight police stations in Arunachal Pradesh". www.msn.com. Archived from the original on 23 April 2018.
  5. Asia Times Online :: Southeast Asia news and business from Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam. Atimes.com (2010-04-22). Retrieved on 2014-05-21.
  6. "Cold war games". Bharat Rakshak. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
  7. "Birth of a nation". The Indian Express. 11 December 2009. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  8. VSM, Brig Amar Cheema (31 March 2015). The Crimson Chinar: The Kashmir Conflict: A Politico Military Perspective. Lancer Publishers. ISBN 9788170623014. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  9. Rajagopalan, Rajesh; Mishra, Atul (2015). Nuclear South Asia: Keywords and Concepts. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-32475-1.
  10. "Role of Russia, America, China and Britain". Archived from the original on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  11. "Role of Russia, America, China and Britain". Archived from the original on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  12. Alvandi, Roham (2016). Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: The United States and Iran in the Cold War. Oxford University Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-19-061068-5. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  13. Mudiam, Prithvi Ram (1994). India and the Middle East. British Academic Press. ISBN 9781850437031. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  14. "India and Its Neighbors: Cooperation or Confrontation?" (PDF). CIA. p. 7.
  15. "The Island".
  16. "Brief Overview of Sri Lanka's Foreign Relations to Post-Independence". Foreign Ministry – Sri Lanka.
  17. "Pak thanks Lanka for help in 1971 war". Hindustan Times. 11 June 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  18. Bowman, Martin (30 January 2016). Cold war jet combat. ISBN 9781473874633. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  19. Ganguly, Sumit; Paul Kapur (7 August 2012). India, Pakistan, and the Bomb: Debating Nuclear Stability in South Asia. Columbia University Press. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-231-14375-2.
  20. Gall, Carlotta (21 January 2007). "At Border, Signs of Pakistani Role in Taliban Surge – New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  21. "Pakistani opposition presses for Sharif's resignation". Wsws.org. 7 August 1999. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
  22. "New Zealand joins NATO's counter-piracy mission Ocean Shield". NATO. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
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