Sarmi–Jayapura languages
The Sarmi-Jayapura Bay languages consist of half a dozen languages spoken on the northern coast of Papua province of Indonesia:[1]
| Sarmi-Jayapura | |
|---|---|
| Sarmi-Jayapura Bay | |
| Geographic distribution | Northern Papua |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian
|
| Proto-language | Proto-Sarmi–Jayapura |
| Glottolog | sarm1241 |
Ross (1988) had considered Sarmi and Jayapura Bay (Kayapulau, Orma and Tobati) to be separate but related groups. Ross (1988) listed several additional Sarmi languages:
The inclusion of a supposed Yarsun language[2] appears to be due to confusion of language names with island names. No such language is attested; the island is located between that of the Anus and Podena languages, and all three islands are reported to speak dialects of a single language according to the first source to mention it.[3]
With the exception of certain Micronesian languages, the Sarmi-Jayapura languages have the westernmost distribution out of all Oceanic languages.[4]
Sound correspondences
Grace (1971:34–37) published a table of sound correspondences for the Sarmi languages, from which the following forms are gleaned. The languages are arranged from west to east.
| Proto-Oceanic | Sobei | Wakde | Masimasi | Anus | Bonggo | Tarpia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *api 'fire' | yafu | yafu | yeif | af | yap | |
| *isuŋ 'nose' | su- | hiu- | si- | su- | sua- | siwi- |
| *susu 'breast' | sisu- | ihi- | su- | su- | ||
| *ranum 'water' | rani | ranu | ranu | dein | dan | dan |
| *raun 'leaf' | rau | rau | rou | dau | dau | dau |
| *mapine 'woman' | mefne | mafani | mofin | mofin | mupin | |
| *manuk 'bird' | maninetio | mani | mani | mein | man | man |
| *pulu 'feather' | fido | firu | firo | fru | puru | |
| *puaq 'fruit' | afo | afu | afo | fowo | fukwa | pawa |
| *paqoRu 'new' | fefou | afafu | fofou | fieu | pipiu | |
| *patu 'stone' | fati | fati | fati | feit | fiat | payaʔ |
| *pat 'four' | fau | fau | fau | fau | pau | |
| *tolu 'three' | tou | tou | tour | tou | tor | tor |
| *taliŋa 'ear' | tidi- | tiri- | tira- | terne- | təren- | tarni- |
| *taŋis 'cry' | -tan | -tan | -tan | -tein | tənian | -nsin |
| *taumataq 'person' | temto | tamturi | timot | tumuat | tamuʔ | |
| *kutu 'louse' | kute | witi | kut | kut | kuʔ | |
| *kulit 'skin' | wadi | wari | wiri | keri | kru | kuru |
| *qone 'sand' | wane | wane | wane | wen | wen | wen |
| *qasawa 'spouse' | eson | ahun | sawe | sua | tawa |
References
- Lynch, John, Malcolm Ross & Terry Crowley. 2002. The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press.
- Yarsun at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2019). "Glottolog". 3.4. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Grace, George W. (1971). Notes on the phonological history of the Austronesian languages of the Sarmi Coast. Oceanic Linguistics 10:11–37.
- Ross, Malcolm (1988). Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian languages of western Melanesia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
- Proto Oceanic basic vocabulary database