Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus

Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus (BCCV) is a single-stranded, negative sense RNA virus species of New World Orthohantavirus. It was first isolated in cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) found in the Black Creek Canal area of Dade County, Florida in 1995. The discovery followed from an isolated case of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome diagnosed in a Dade County resident.[2][3][4][5]

Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Ellioviricetes
Order: Bunyavirales
Family: Hantaviridae
Genus: Orthohantavirus
Species:
Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus
Synonyms[1]
  • Black Creek Canal hantavirus
  • Black Creek Canal virus

Natural reservoir

While several species are responsible for Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever syndrome (HFS) and Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), each species of hantavirus is unique to a single reservoir. This makes host evolution and geography important factors in understanding transmission and prevention of spread of disease to humans.[6]

Transmission

BCCV, like other species of hantavirus, is transmitted via droplet respiration when rodent excreta becomes aerosolized. The greater the concentration of rodent excreta, as occurs in seasonal use structures such as sheds, vacation cabins, and camp grounds, the greater the likelihood of transmission and infection.[7]

The Dade County patient is thought to have contracted the previously undocumented BCCV in the seven weeks prior to his hospitalization. The 33 year old man resided in a semirural area of southern Dade County. The residence was surrounded by grassy fields observed to have active rodent populations of several species. The patient reported observing rodents in both his home and the fields immediately surrounding the residence. [8]

Case Study Dade County

Patient was hospitalized in October 1993 with sepsis, acute kidney injury, acute rhabdomyolysis, and suspected disseminated intravascular coagulation: an overactivity of clotting proteins that can lead to eventual hemorrhage as the proteins are degraded.[8] [9] Self-reported history of illness included a four day prodrome of fever, malaise, vomiting, muscle aches, chills, and abdominal pain. By the third day of illness, the patient's fever had reached 102 °F (39 °C), blood pressure acutely narrow and hypotensive (74/50 mmHg), elevated breathing rate (24 breaths/min), and exhibited abnormal hematological and chemical profiles. Patient went on to develop acute kidney failure along with pulmonary edema, alveolar edema with small pleural effusions, and resulting severe hypoxia. He was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics as well as supplemental fluids and oxygen. Patient was intubated for a 12 day period and given vasopressor treatment for three days following continued and severe hypotension. Twelve days after admission patient showed extreme improvement in airway management. Peripheral edema spontaneously diuresed. Patient removed from ventilation and discharged 5 days post-extubation in good condition.[8]

See also

References
  1. Briese, Thomas; et al. (15 June 2015). "Implementation of non-Latinized binomial species names in the family Bunyaviridae" (PDF). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  2. E. V. Ravkov, S. T. Nichol and R. W. Compans. Polarized entry and release in epithelial cells of Black Creek Canal virus, a New World hantavirus. Journal of Virology, Feb. 1997. Vol. 71, no 2. 1147–1154
  3. Zaki SR, Albers RC, Greer PW, Coffield LM, Armstrong LR, Khan AS, Khabbaz R, Peters CJ. Retrospective diagnosis of a 1983 case of fatal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Lancet. 1994 Apr 23;343(8904):1037–1038.
  4. Zaki SR, Greer PW, Coffield LM, Goldsmith CS, Nolte KB, Foucar K, Feddersen RM, Zumwalt RE, Miller GL, Khan AS, et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Pathogenesis of an emerging infectious disease. Am J Pathol. 1995 Mar;146(3):552–579.
  5. Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Elliott LH, Ravkov EV, Martin ML, Morzunov S, Livingstone W, Monroe M, Glass G, Ruo S, et al. Isolation of black creek canal virus, a new hantavirus from Sigmodon hispidus in Florida. J Med Virol. 1995 May;46(1):35–39.
  6. Klein SL, Calisher CH. Emergence and persistence of hantaviruses.Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2007;315:217–52.
  7. "CDC—How People Get Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)—Hantavirus". Cdc.gov. 2012-08-29. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
  8. Khan, A. (January 1996). "Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in Florida: Association with the Newly Identified Black Creek Canal Virus". The American Journal of Medicine. 100 (1): 46–48. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(96)90010-8. PMID 8579086. S2CID 20426529.
  9. "Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
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