Fasoracetam

Fasoracetam is a research chemical of the racetam family.[3] It is a putative nootropic that failed to show sufficient efficacy in clinical trials for vascular dementia. It is currently being studied for its potential use for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.[2][4]

Fasoracetam
Names
IUPAC name
(5R)-5-(Piperidine-1-carbonyl)pyrrolidin-2-one
Other names
(5R)-5-Oxo-D-prolinepiperidinamide monohydrate, NS-105, AEVI-001, LAM 105, MDGN-001, NFC 1[1][2]
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
KEGG
PubChem CID
UNII
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C10H16N2O2/c13-9-5-4-8(11-9)10(14)12-6-2-1-3-7-12/h8H,1-7H2,(H,11,13)/t8-/m1/s1 Y
    Key: GOWRRBABHQUJMX-MRVPVSSYSA-N Y
  • InChI=1/C10H16N2O2/c13-9-5-4-8(11-9)10(14)12-6-2-1-3-7-12/h8H,1-7H2,(H,11,13)/t8-/m1/s1
    Key: GOWRRBABHQUJMX-MRVPVSSYBL
SMILES
  • O=C(N1CCCCC1)[C@@H]2NC(=O)CC2
Properties
Chemical formula
 C10H16N2O2
Molar mass 196.250 g·mol−1
Pharmacology
Oral
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • US: Not FDA approved
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Fasoracetam appears to agonize all three groups of metabotropic glutamate receptors and has improved cognitive function in rodent studies.[5] It is orally bioavailable and is excreted mostly unchanged via the urine.[6]

Fasoracetam was discovered by scientists at the Japanese pharmaceutical company Nippon Shinyaku, which brought it through Phase 3 clinical trials for vascular dementia, and abandoned it due to lack of efficacy.[5][7]

Scientists at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia led by Hakon Hakonarson have studied fasoracetam's potential use in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.[5] Hakonarson started a company called neuroFix Therapeutics to try to bring the drug to market for this use; neuroFix acquired Nippon Shinyaku's clinical data as part of its efforts.[7][8] neuroFix was acquired by Medgenics in 2015.[8] Medgenics changed its name to Aevi Genomic Medicine in 2016.[9] Clinical trials in adolescents with ADHD who also have mGluR mutations started in 2016.[8] While Fasoracetam may be effective in the treatment of ADHD in people with specific mGluR mutations, these represent around 10% of total ADHD cases, and Fasoracetam is likely ineffective in all other cases.[10][11] Studies showing improvements in cognitive function from Fasoracetam have exclusively been done on rodents.[12]

Legality

Australia

Fasoracetam is a schedule 4 substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard (February 2020).[13] A schedule 4 substance is classified as "Prescription Only Medicine, or Prescription Animal Remedy – Substances, the use or supply of which should be by or on the order of persons permitted by State or Territory legislation to prescribe and should be available from a pharmacist on prescription."[13]

See also

References
  1. FDA/NIH Substance registration system. Page accessed March 21, 2016
  2. "Drug Profile Fasoracetam".
  3. "5-oxo-D-prolinepiperidinamide monohydrate - Compound Summary". Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  4. "Recommended INN List 40" (PDF). WHO Drug Information. 12 (2). 1998.
  5. Connolly, J; Glessner, J; Kao, C; Elia, J; Hakonarson, H (2015). "ADHD & Pharmacotherapy: Past, Present and Future: A Review of the Changing Landscape of Drug Therapy for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". Ther Innov Regul Sci. 49 (5): 632–642. doi:10.1177/2168479015599811. PMC 4564067. PMID 26366330.
  6. Malykh, AG; Sadaie, MR (12 February 2010). "Piracetam and piracetam-like drugs: from basic science to novel clinical applications to CNS disorders". Drugs. 70 (3): 287–312. doi:10.2165/11319230-000000000-00000. PMID 20166767. S2CID 12176745.
  7. Moskowitz, D. H. (2017). Finding the Genetic Cause and Therapy for ADHD, Autism and 22q. BookBaby (self published). ISBN 9781483590981.
  8. Sharma, B. "Medgenics: NFC-1 Could Be A Key Future Revenue Driver".
  9. "Press Release: Medgenics, Inc. Announces Name Change to Aevi Genomic Medicine, Inc". Aevi via MarketWired. 16 December 2016.
  10. "Fasoracetam in adolescents with ADHD and glutamatergic gene network variants disrupting mGluR neurotransmitter signaling". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2020-10-16.
  11. Tardner, P. "Fasoracetam as a treatment for ADHD: A systematic review of available clinical data • International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology". International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology. Retrieved 2020-10-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. Elia, Josephine; Ungal, Grace; Kao, Charlly; Ambrosini, Alexander; De Jesus-Rosario, Nilsa; Larsen, Lene; Chiavacci, Rosetta; Wang, Tiancheng; Kurian, Christine; Titchen, Kanani; Sykes, Brian (2018-01-16). "Fasoracetam in adolescents with ADHD and glutamatergic gene network variants disrupting mGluR neurotransmitter signaling". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 4. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9....4E. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02244-2. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5770454. PMID 29339723.
  13. Poisons Standard February 2020. comlaw.gov.au
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