1441
1441 (MCDXLI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1441st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 441st year of the 2nd millennium, the 41st year of the 15th century, and the 2nd year of the 1440s decade. As of the start of 1441, the Gregorian calendar was 9 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1441 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
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| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1441 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1441 MCDXLI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2194 |
| Armenian calendar | 890 ԹՎ ՊՂ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6191 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1362–1363 |
| Bengali calendar | 848 |
| Berber calendar | 2391 |
| English Regnal year | 19 Hen. 6 – 20 Hen. 6 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1985 |
| Burmese calendar | 803 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6949–6950 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚申年 (Metal Monkey) 4137 or 4077 — to — 辛酉年 (Metal Rooster) 4138 or 4078 |
| Coptic calendar | 1157–1158 |
| Discordian calendar | 2607 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1433–1434 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5201–5202 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1497–1498 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1362–1363 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4541–4542 |
| Holocene calendar | 11441 |
| Igbo calendar | 441–442 |
| Iranian calendar | 819–820 |
| Islamic calendar | 844–845 |
| Japanese calendar | Eikyō 13 / Kakitsu 1 (嘉吉元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1356–1357 |
| Julian calendar | 1441 MCDXLI |
| Korean calendar | 3774 |
| Minguo calendar | 471 before ROC 民前471年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −27 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1983–1984 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳金猴年 (male Iron-Monkey) 1567 or 1186 or 414 — to — 阴金鸡年 (female Iron-Rooster) 1568 or 1187 or 415 |
Events
January–December
- February – The Republic of Venice annexes the seigniory of Ravenna, ending the da Polenta Dynasty.
- February 12 – King's College, Cambridge, is founded by King Henry VI of England.[1]
- March 1 – Battle of Samobor: The army of Ulrich II, Count of Celje, defeats the army of Stjepan Banić at Samobor, Croatia in union with Hungary.
- November 10 – Alfonso V of Aragon lays siege to Naples.
- November 20 – The Peace of Cremona (1441) ends the war between the Republic of Venice and the Duchy of Milan.[2]
Date unknown
- Ouagadougou becomes the capital of the Mossi Kingdoms.
- Two subjects of the Ethiopian Empire attend a Christian ecclesiastical council at Florence as part of negotiations concerning a possible union of Coptic Orthodoxy and the Latin Church. This is the earliest recorded contact of the Ethiopian branch of the Coptic Church with Europe.
- A revolt occurs in the Mayan nation of Mayapan; the Maya civilization splits into warring city-states.
- With the help of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, governor Hacı I Giray declares his province independent of the Golden Horde and establishes the Crimean Khanate.
- Nuno Tristão reaches the Ras Nouadhibou (Cabo Branco) on the western coast of Africa. This is probably the first voyage where a caravel is used for maritime exploration.
- The first enslaved black Africans are brought to Europe at Lagos in the Kingdom of Portugal.
Births
- February 9 – Ali-Shir Nava'i, Central Asian poet, politician and writer (d. 1501)
- March 24 – Ernest, Elector of Saxony, German ruler of Saxony (d. 1486)
- June 25 – Federico I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua (1478–1484) (d. 1484)
- June 27 – John III, Count of Nassau-Weilburg, German nobleman (d. 1480)
- July 23 – Danjong of Joseon, King of Joseon (d. 1457)
- November 11 – Charlotte of Savoy, French queen (d. 1483)
Deaths
- March 8 – Margaret of Burgundy, Duchess of Bavaria
- April 1 – Blanche I of Navarre, Queen of Navarre (1425–1441) and Regent of Sicily (1404–1405 and 1408–1415)
- June 14 – Corrado IV Trinci, former lord of Foligno
- July 9 – Jan van Eyck, Dutch painter[3]
- July 12 – Kyōgoku Takakazu, Japanese noble and vassal of Ashikaga Yoshinori
- July 12 – Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shōgun (b. 1394)
- September 25 – Akamatsu Mitsusuke, Japanese samurai
- October 24 – Adolf, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1434)
- October 27 – Margery Jourdemayne, Englishwoman executed for treasonable witchcraft
- November 18 – Roger Bolingbroke, English cleric, astronomer, astrologer, magister and alleged necromancer[4]
- December 26 – Niccolò III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara (b. 1383)
References
- 'The colleges and halls: King's', in A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 3, the City and University of Cambridge, ed. J P C Roach (London, 1959), pp. 376-408. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/cambs/vol3/pp376-408 [accessed 5 February 2021]
- Hazlitt, W. Carew (1900). The Venetian Republic: Its Rise, its Growth, and its Fall, 421–1797. Volume II, 1423–1797. London: Adam and Charles Black. pp. 79–80.
- Jan van Eyck; Peter Russell (August 6, 2020). Delphi Complete Works of Jan van Eyck (Illustrated). Delphi Classics. p. 464. ISBN 978-1-913487-28-7.
- Jane Kelsall (2000). Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, 1391-1447. Fraternity of the Friends of Saint Albans Abbey. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-9506829-6-9.
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