1420s

The 1420s decade ran from January 1, 1420, to December 31, 1429.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
Categories:
  • Births
  • Deaths
  • By country
  • By topic
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments

Events

1420

January–December
  • March – The Çelebi Sultan Mehmed Mosque in Didymoteicho is inaugurated.
  • May 21 – Treaty of Troyes: With the Burgundian faction dominant in France, King Charles VI of France acknowledges Henry V of England as his heir, and as virtual ruler of most of France.[1]
  • May 25 – Henry the Navigator is appointed governor of the Portuguese Order of Christ.
  • June 2 – Catherine of Valois marries King Henry V of England.[2]
  • June 7 – Troops of the Republic of Venice capture Udine after a long siege, ending the independence of the Patriarchal State of Friuli, run by the Patriarch of Aquileia.
  • August 7 – Construction of the dome of Florence Cathedral is started, after Filippo Brunelleschi wins the commission for his "double shell" design.
  • September 1 – a 9.4 MS-strong earthquake shakes Chile's Atacama Region causing tsunamis in Chile as well as Hawaii and Japan.[3][4]
  • October 22 – Ghiyāth al-dīn Naqqāsh, an envoy of the embassy sent by the Timurid ruler of Persia, Mirza Shahrukh (r. 1404–1447), to the Ming Dynasty of China during the reign of the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424), records his sight and travel over a large floating pontoon bridge at Lanzhou (constructed earlier in 1372) as he crosses the Yellow River on this day. He writes that it was: "...composed of twenty three boats, of great excellence and strength attached together by a long chain of iron as thick as a man's thigh, and this was moored on each side to an iron post as thick as a man's waist extending a distance of ten cubits on the land and planted firmly in the ground, the boats being fastened to this chain by means of big hooks. There were placed big wooden planks over the boats so firmly and evenly that all the animals were made to pass over it without difficulty."
  • October 28 – Beijing is officially designated the capital of the Ming Dynasty, during the same year that the Forbidden City, the seat of government, is completed.
  • November 1 – Hussite Wars – Battle of Vyšehrad: Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, fails and is ejected from Bohemia.

Date unknown
  • Henry V of England commences construction of the ship Grace Dieu.
  • Tang Saier starts a rebellion against the emperor of China, and takes two cities with her rebel army, before she is defeated.[5]
  • Construction begins on the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, China, while the palace complex of the Forbidden City is completed. In this year the Yongle Emperor confers the title "Beijing" ("Northern Capital") for the Ming Dynasty's new capital city, replacing Nanjing.
  • Radu II Praznaglava, supported by the Ottomans, and Dan II, with Hungarian help, start a seven-years-long struggle for the throne of Wallachia, after Mihail I is killed in a battle. The throne of Wallachia will switch from one to another about four times until 1427, when Radu II dies.
  • Alexandru cel Bun defends Moldavia against the first incursion by the Ottomans, at Cetatea Albă.

1421

January–December
  • February 2 – Yongle Emperor, third emperor of the Ming Dynasty, shifts the Ming capital from Nanking to Peking.
  • March 3 – Zheng He receives imperial order from Yongle Emperor to bring imperial letters, silk products, and other gifts to various rulers of countries around the Indian Ocean.
  • March 21 – Battle of Baugé: A small French force surprises and defeats a smaller English force under Thomas, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Henry V of England, in Normandy.[6]
  • May 26 – Mehmed I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies and is succeeded by his son, Murad II.
  • November 17–19 – St. Elizabeth's flood: The coastal area near Dordrecht in the Netherlands is flooded, due to the extremely high tide of the North Sea; 72 villages are drowned, killing about 10,000 people, and the course of the Meuse is changed.

Date unknown

1422

January–December

Undated
  • Ottoman forces overrun the last domains of Constantine II of Bulgaria, who dies in exile at the Serbian court, ending the Bulgarian Empire.
  • On the Italian Peninsula, Venice has a population of 84,000, of which 200 men rule the city, while Florence has a population of 40,000, of which 600 men rule the city.

1423

January–December

Date unknown
  • The three independent boroughs of Pamplona are united into a single town by royal decree, after centuries of feuds.
  • Dan II of Wallachia, with Hungarian help, wins two battles against the Ottomans.

1424

January–December
  • June 2 – Battle of L'Aquila: Jacopo Caldora and Micheletto Attendolo, for the Kingdom of Naples, defeat Braccio da Montone, for Alfonso V of Aragon.
  • August 17 – Battle of Verneuil: An English force under John, Duke of Bedford defeats a larger French army under the Duke of Alençon, John Stewart, and Earl Archibald of Douglas. Alençon is captured and Douglas killed.[12]

Date unknown

1425
  • November 9 – Kale Kye-Taung Nyo becomes King of Ava by having his lover, Queen Shin Bo-Me, assassinate his 8-year-old nephew, King Min Hla.
  • December 9 – The Old University of Leuven, Belgium is founded.
  • Date unknown
    • The Maltese people rise up against Don Gonsalvo Monroy, count of Malta. The insurgents repel an attempt by the Viceroy of Sicily to bring the island to order. The Maltese do not submit to Catalan-Aragonese rule, until the Magna Charta Libertatis, granting them their new rights, is delivered to them.
    • Beijing, capital of China, becomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead from Nanjing (estimated date).[14]
    • By this year, paper currency in China is worth only 0.025% to 0.014% of its original value in the 14th century; this, and the counterfeiting of copper coin currency, will lead to a dramatic shift to using silver as the common medium of exchange in China.
    • Sharafuddin Ali Yazdi's critical history of Persia, Zafar Nama, is completed under the auspices of Mirza Ibrahim Sultan, grandson of Timur.

1426
  • March 6 – Battle of St. James (near Avranches): An English army under John, Duke of Bedford, defeats the French under Arthur de Richemont, forcing the Duke of Brittany to recognize English suzerainty.[15]
  • c. May 15 - 16 – Kale Kye-Taung Nyo, ruler of the Kingdom of Ava, flees his capital. He is succeeded by Mohnyin Thado, who receives Thinkhaya III of Toungoo.
  • June 16 – Hussite Wars – Battle of Usti nad Labem: The Hussites decisively beat the crusading armies in the Fourth Anti-Hussite Crusade.
  • July 7 – Battle of Chirokitia: King Janus of Cyprus is defeated and captured by the Mamluks and brought to Egypt, where he is ransomed after ten months.
  • Date unknown
    • Castello Orsini-Odescalchi is built in Bracciano, Italy by the Orsini family.
    • Eunuch-dominated secret police start to control the palace guards and imperial workshops, infiltrate the civil service, and head all foreign missions in China.[16]

1427

January–December
  • January – Spring – Radu II of Wallachia resumes the throne for the fourth time, but a seven-year struggle for it ends when he is defeated in battle, and probably killed, by Dan II, who resumes the throne for a fifth term.
  • April – The House of Balsic's rule of Montenegro comes to an end with the death of Balša III.
  • August 4 – Hussite Wars: Battle of Tachov – The Hussites decisively beat the crusader armies, ending the Fourth Anti-Hussite Crusade.
  • August 17 – The first band of Gypsies visits Paris, according to an account of the citizens of Paris.
  • October 13 – Lincoln College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England, is founded by the Bishop of Lincoln.

Date unknown
  • Gabriel V is elected Patriarch of the Coptic Church for the second time.
  • Minrekyansa becomes King of Ava (ancient Burma).
  • The Conflict of Druimnacour occurs in Sutherland, Scotland.[17]
  • The first witch hunts begin, in Switzerland.
  • The Celestine Order is established in France.
  • The Celebration of Sant Jordi (Saint George) begins in Catalonia (he will later become its patron saint).
  • Bremen is expelled from the Hanseatic League.
  • Diogo de Silves, Portuguese navigator, discovers seven islands of the Azores archipelago.
  • Battle of the Echinades: A Byzantine fleet defeats the fleet of Carlo I Tocco.
  • Itzcoatl becomes the 4th Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan, after his nephew Chimalpopoca is killed by the Maxtla, at Azcapotzalco.
  • Bhaktapur Royal Palace (in Nepal) is built by King Yaksa Malla.

1428

January–December
  • February 2 – 1428 Catalonia earthquake. The earthquake takes place during Candlemas, striking the region of Catalonia, especially Roussillon, with an epicentre near Camprodon. The earthquake is one of a series of related seismic events that shake Catalonia in a single year. Beginning on 23 February 1427, tremors are felt in March, April, 15 May at Olot.[18][19]
  • June 3 – Dan II leads an army against the Ottomans at Golubac Fortress, obtaining a treaty that will allow him a semi-peaceful rule in Wallachia, until 1432.
  • August 30 – Emperor Go-Hanazono accedes to the throne of Japan.
  • October 12 – English forces under Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury, besiege Orléans. Jean de Dunois, the Bastard of Orléans, commands the defenders.[20]
  • October 24 – Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury, is mortally wounded in an unsuccessful assault on Orléans. He is succeeded in command by William de la Pole, 4th Earl of Suffolk.

Date unknown
  • Itzcóatl becomes 1st emperor of the Aztec Empire.
  • The Aztec Triple Alliance (also known as The Aztec Empire) forms with the alliance of three Aztec city-states—Tenochtitlán, Texcoco, and Tlacopán—and defeats Azcapotzalco to win control of the Valley of Mexico.
  • The Valais witch trials begin. [21]
  • A serious fire occurs at Baynard's Castle in London, England.[22]
  • Voices tell Joan of Arc that Charles VII of France must be crowned, and the English expelled from France.[23]
  • Lam Sơn uprising: Lê Lợi, founder of the Lê Dynasty in Vietnam, liberates Annam (the territory occupied by Ming Dynasty China in 1407), and restores the kingdom as Đại Việt.

1429

January–December

Date unknown

Significant people

Births

1420

1421

1422

  • March 8 – Jacopo Piccolomini-Ammannati, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1479)
  • June 7 – Federico da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino (d. 1482)
  • October 5 – Catherine, Princess of Asturias, Spanish royal (d. 1424)
  • November 27 – Gaston IV, Count of Foix, French nobleman from Bearn (d. 1472)
  • November 29 – Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont, English baron (d. 1460)
  • date unknown – Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza, Timurid ruler in Khurasan (d. 1457)
  • probable – William Caxton, English printer (d. c. 1491)
  • approximate – Agnès Sorel, French courtier, mistress of Charles VII of France (d. 1450)

1423

  • April 4 – Johann II of Nassau-Saarbrücken, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1429–1472) (d. 1472)
  • May 18 – Lady Katherine Percy, English nobility (d. 1475)
  • May 30 – Georg von Peuerbach, Austrian astronomer (d. 1461)
  • June 2 – Ferdinand I of Naples (d. 1494)
  • June 15 – Gabriele Sforza, Archbishop of Milan (d. 1457)
  • July 3 – Louis XI of France, monarch of the House of Valois, King of France from 1461 to 1483 (d. 1483)[32]
  • July 6 – Antonio Manetti, Italian mathematician and architect (d. 1497)
  • August 24 – Thomas Rotherham, English cleric (d. 1500)
  • September 10 – Eleanor, Princess of Asturias (d. 1425)
  • August – Demetrios Chalkokondyles, Greek scholar (d. 1511)

1424

1425

  • January 5 – Henry IV of Castile (d. 1474)
  • March 21 – Henry Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick, English nobleman (d. 1446)
  • March 31 – Bianca Maria Visconti, Duchess of Milan (d. 1468)
  • April 30 – William III, Landgrave of Thuringia (1445–1482) and Duke of Luxembourg (1457–1482) (d. 1482)
  • October 14 – Alesso Baldovinetti, Italian painter (d. 1499)
  • November 18 – Kunigunde of Sternberg, first spouse of King George of Podebrady (d. 1449)
  • date unknown
    • Edmund Sutton, English nobleman (d. 1483)
    • Krokodeilos Kladas, Greek military leader (d. 1490)
    • Xicotencatl I, ruler of Tizatlan (in modern-day Mexico) (d. 1522)

1426

1427

  • February 27 – Ruprecht, Archbishop of Cologne (d. 1480)
  • May 8 – John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester, Lord High Treasurer (d. 1470)
  • May 29 – Françoise d'Amboise, duchess consort of Brittany, co-founder of the first monastery of the Carmelites in France (d. 1485)
  • June 22 – Lucrezia Tornabuoni, Italian writer, adviser and spouse of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici (d. 1482)
  • September 9 – Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros, English politician (d. 1464)
  • October 26 – Archduke Sigismund of Austria (d. 1496)
  • November 24 – John Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (d. 1473)
  • November 29 – Zhengtong Emperor of China (d. 1464)
  • November 30 – Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Poland (d. 1492)
  • date unknown – Shen Zhou, Chinese painter (d. 1509)

1428

1429

  • January 17 – Antonio del Pollaiuolo, Italian artist (d.c. 1498)
  • date unknown – Peter, Constable of Portugal (d. 1466)
  • probable – Mino da Fiesole, Florentine sculptor (d. 1484)

Deaths

1420

  • June 11 – John III, Burgrave of Nuremberg (b. c. 1369)
  • August – Mihail I, ruler of Wallachia (killed in battle)
  • August 9 – Pierre d'Ailly, French theologian and cardinal (b. 1351)
  • September 3 – Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, regent of Scotland
  • date unknown
    • Andrew of Wyntoun, Scottish chronicler (b. 1350)[34]
    • Marina Galina, Dogaressa of Venice
    • Epiphanius the Wise, Russian saint[35]
    • King Lukeni lua Nimi of the Kingdom of Kongo (b. 1380)

1421

1422

1423

  • January 23 – Margaret of Bavaria, Burgundian regent (b. 1363)
  • March – Richard Whittington, Lord Mayor of London (b. 1358)
  • May 23 – Antipope Benedict XIII (b. 1328)[37]
  • October 20 – Henry Bowet, Archbishop of York
  • November 1 – Nicholas Eudaimonoioannes, Byzantine diplomat
  • December 15 – Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights

1424

1425

1426

  • March / May – Thomas Hoccleve, English poet (b. c. 1368)
  • c. late May – Kale Kye-Taung Nyo, deposed King of Ava (b. c. 1385)
  • September 18 – Hubert van Eyck, painter[40]
  • November 24 – Elizabeth of Lancaster, Duchess of Exeter, English Plantagent noblewoman, daughter of John of Gaunt (b. c. 1363)
  • December – Pippo Spano, Hungarian military leader (b. 1369)
  • December 31 – Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, English nobleman and military leader (b. c. 1377)
  • date unknown – Tezozomoc, Tepanec ruler of Azcapotzalco and military leader

1427

  • April 17 – John IV, Duke of Brabant (b. 1403)[41]
  • May 7 – Thomas la Warr, 5th Baron De La Warr, English churchman
  • May 28 – Henry IV, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (b. 1397)
  • July 19 – Stefan Lazarević, Despot of Serbia (b. 1377)[42]
  • date unknown
  • probable
    • Jehuda Cresques, Catalan cartographer (b. 1350)
    • Gentile da Fabriano, Italian painter
    • Radu II Prasnaglava, ruler of Wallachia, probably killed in or after a lost battle

1428

  • January 4 – Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (b. 1370)
  • February 3 – Ashikaga Yoshimochi, Japanese shōgun (b. 1386)
  • June 12 – Zawisza Czarny, Polish knight and diplomat
  • August 27 – John I of Münsterberg, Duke of Ziebice (b. 1370)
  • August 30 – Emperor Shōkō, emperor of Japan (b. 1401)
  • Autumn – Masaccio, Italian painter (b. 1401)
  • November 3 – Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury, English military leader (mortally wounded in battle) (b. 1388)[44]
  • November 4 – Sophia of Bavaria, Queen regent of Bohemia (b. 1376)
  • date unknown
    • Maxtla, Tepanec ruler of Azcapotzalco
    • Paul of Venice, Catholic theologian
    • Isabella, Countess of Foix, French sovereign (b. 1361)
  • probable – John Purvey, English theologian (b. 1353)

1429

References
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  2. Keith Dockray (2004). Henry V. Tempus. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-7524-3046-1.
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  18. Joan Toralles described the Olot quake in a brief notice in his Noticiari.
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