December 15

December 15 is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 16 days remain until the end of the year.

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December 15 in recent years
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Events

Pre-1600

1601–1900

1901–present

Births

Pre-1600
  • AD 37 – Nero, Roman emperor (d. 68)
  • 130 – Lucius Verus, Roman emperor (d. 169)
  • 1242 – Prince Munetaka, Japanese shōgun (d. 1274)
  • 1447 – Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1508)
  • 1567 – Christoph Demantius, German composer, poet, and theorist (d. 1643)

1601–1900
  • 1610 – David Teniers the Younger, Flemish painter (d. 1690)
  • 1657 – Michel Richard Delalande, French organist and composer (d. 1726)
  • 1686 – Jean-Joseph Fiocco, Flemish violinist and composer (d. 1746)
  • 1710 – Francesco Zahra, Maltese painter (d. 1773)
  • 1789 – Carlos Soublette, Venezuelan general and politician, 11th President of Venezuela (d. 1870)
  • 1832 – Gustave Eiffel, French architect and engineer, co-designed the Eiffel Tower (d. 1923)
  • 1837 – E. W. Bullinger, English minister, scholar, and theologian (d. 1913)
  • 1852 – Henri Becquerel, French physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1908)
  • 1859 – L. L. Zamenhof, Polish linguist and ophthalmologist, created Esperanto (d. 1917)
  • 1860 – Niels Ryberg Finsen, Faroese-Danish physician and educator, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1904)
  • 1860 – Abner Powell, American baseball player and manager (d. 1953)
  • 1861 – Charles Duryea, American engineer and businessman, co-founded the Duryea Motor Wagon Company (d. 1938)
  • 1861 – Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, Finnish lawyer, judge, and politician, 3rd President of Finland (d. 1944)
  • 1863 – Arthur Dehon Little, American chemist and engineer (d. 1935)
  • 1869 – Leon Marchlewski, Polish chemist and academic (d. 1946)
  • 1875 – Emilio Jacinto, Filipino journalist and activist (d. 1899)
  • 1878 – Hans Carossa, German author and poet (d. 1956)
  • 1885 – Leonid Pitamic, Slovenian lawyer, philosopher, and academic (d. 1971)
  • 1886 – Wanda Krahelska-Filipowicz, Polish politician and resistance fighter (d. 1968)[13]
  • 1886 – Florence Jepperson Madsen, American contralto singer and professor of music (d. 1977)
  • 1888 – Maxwell Anderson, American journalist and playwright (d. 1959)
  • 1890 – Harry Babcock, American pole vaulter (d. 1965)
  • 1891 – A.P. Carter, American country singer-songwriter and musician (d. 1960)
  • 1892 – J. Paul Getty, American-English businessman and art collector, founded Getty Oil (d. 1976)
  • 1894 – Vibert Douglas, Canadian astrophysicist and astronomer (d. 1988)
  • 1894 – Josef Imbach, Swiss sprinter (d. 1964)
  • 1896 – Betty Smith, American author and playwright (d. 1972)
  • 1899 – Harold Abrahams, English sprinter, lawyer, and journalist (d. 1978)

1901–present
  • 1902 – Robert F. Bradford, American lawyer and politician, 57th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1983)
  • 1903 – Tamanishiki San'emon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 32nd Yokozuna (d. 1938)
  • 1907 – Gordon Douglas, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1993)
  • 1907 – Oscar Niemeyer, Brazilian architect, designed the United Nations Headquarters and the Cathedral of Brasília (d. 2012)
  • 1908 – Swami Ranganathananda, Indian monk, scholar, and author (d. 2005)
  • 1909 – Sattar Bahlulzade, Azerbaijani-Russian painter (d. 1974)
  • 1909 – Eliza Atkins Gleason, American librarian (d. 2009)[14]
  • 1910 – John Hammond, American record producer and critic (d. 1987)
  • 1911 – Nicholas P. Dallis, American psychiatrist and illustrator (d. 1991)
  • 1911 – Stan Kenton, American pianist and composer (d. 1979)
  • 1913 – Roger Gaudry, Canadian chemist and businessman (d. 2001)
  • 1913 – Muriel Rukeyser, American poet, academic, and activist (d. 1980)
  • 1915 – Eila Campbell, English geographer and cartographer (d. 1994)[15]
  • 1916 – Miguel Arraes, Brazilian lawyer and politician, Governor of Pernambuco (d. 2005)
  • 1916 – Buddy Cole, American pianist and conductor (d. 1964)
  • 1916 – Maurice Wilkins, New Zealand-English physicist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
  • 1917 – Shan-ul-Haq Haqqee, Indian-Pakistani linguist and lexicographer (d. 2005)
  • 1918 – Jeff Chandler, American actor (d. 1961)
  • 1918 – Chihiro Iwasaki, Japanese painter and illustrator (d. 1974)
  • 1919 – Max Yasgur, American dairy farmer and host of the Woodstock Music & Art Fair (d. 1973)
  • 1920 – Gamal al-Banna, Egyptian author and scholar (d. 2013)
  • 1920 – Kurt Schaffenberger, German-American sergeant and illustrator (d. 2002)
  • 1921 – Alan Freed, American radio host (d. 1965)
  • 1923 – Pierre Cossette, American producer and manager (d. 2009)
  • 1923 – Freeman Dyson, English-American physicist and mathematician (d. 2020)[16]
  • 1923 – Uziel Gal, German-Israeli engineer, designed the Uzi gun (d. 2002)
  • 1923 – Valentin Varennikov, Russian general and politician (d. 2009)
  • 1924 – Frank W. J. Olver, English-American mathematician and academic (d. 2013)
  • 1924 – Ruhi Sarıalp, Turkish triple jumper and educator (d. 2001)
  • 1925 – Kasey Rogers, American actress and author (d. 2006)
  • 1926 – Bitt Pitt, Australian race car driver (d. 2017) [17]
  • 1928 – Ernest Ashworth, American singer-songwriter (d. 2009)
  • 1928 – Ida Haendel, Polish-English violinist and educator (d. 2020)
  • 1928 – Friedensreich Hundertwasser, Austrian-New Zealand painter and architect (d. 2000)
  • 1930 – Edna O'Brien, Irish novelist, playwright, poet and short story writer
  • 1931 – Klaus Rifbjerg, Danish author and poet (d. 2015)
  • 1932 – Jesse Belvin, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1960)
  • 1932 – John Meurig Thomas, Welsh chemist and academic[18] (d. 2020)
  • 1933 – Bapu, Indian director and screenwriter (d. 2014)
  • 1933 – Tim Conway, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2019)
  • 1933 – Donald Woods, South African journalist and activist (d. 2001)
  • 1936 – Joe D'Amato, Italian director and producer (d. 1999)
  • 1938 – Michael Bogdanov, Welsh director and screenwriter (d. 2017)
  • 1938 – Billy Shaw, American football player
  • 1939 – Cindy Birdsong, American singer-songwriter
  • 1940 – Nick Buoniconti, American football player and sportscaster (d. 2019)
  • 1942 – Kathleen Blanco, American educator and politician, 54th Governor of Louisiana (d. 2019)
  • 1943 – Lucien den Arend, Dutch sculptor
  • 1944 – Jim Leyland, American baseball player and manager
  • 1944 – Chico Mendes, Brazilian trade union leader and activist (d. 1988)
  • 1945 – Heather Booth, American civil rights activist, feminist, and political strategist
  • 1945 – Ivor Crewe, English political scientist and academic
  • 1946 – Carmine Appice, American drummer and songwriter
  • 1946 – Art Howe, American baseball player and manager
  • 1946 – Genny Lim, American writer[19]
  • 1948 – Cassandra Harris, Australian actress (d. 1991)
  • 1948 – Charlie Scott, American basketball player[20]
  • 1949 – Don Johnson, American actor
  • 1949 – Brian Roper, English economist and academic
  • 1950 – Melanie Chartoff, American actress and comedian
  • 1950 – Sylvester James Gates, American theoretical physicist and professor
  • 1951 – George Donikian, Australian journalist
  • 1951 – Joe Jordan, Scottish footballer and manager
  • 1951 – Tim Webster, Australian journalist and sportscaster
  • 1952 – Rudi Protrudi, American singer-songwriter and producer
  • 1952 – Allan Simonsen, Danish footballer and manager
  • 1952 – Julie Taymor, American director, producer, and screenwriter
  • 1953 – John R. Allen, American general and diplomat
  • 1953 – J. M. DeMatteis, American author
  • 1953 – Robert Charles Wilson, American-Canadian author
  • 1954 – Alex Cox, English film director, screenwriter, nonfiction author, broadcaster and sometime actor
  • 1954 – Oliver Heald, English lawyer and politician, Solicitor General for England and Wales
  • 1954 – Mark Warner, American businessman and politician, 69th Governor of Virginia
  • 1955 – Hector Sants, English banker
  • 1955 – Paul Simonon, English singer-songwriter and bass player
  • 1956 – John Lee Hancock, American screenwriter, film director, and producer
  • 1956 – Tony Leon, South African lawyer and politician
  • 1957 – Mario Marois, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
  • 1957 – Mike McAlary, American journalist and author (d. 1998)
  • 1957 – Laura Molina, American singer, guitarist, actress, and painter
  • 1957 – Tim Reynolds, German-American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1958 – Carlo J. Caparas, Filipino director and producer
  • 1958 – Richard Kastle, American classical pianist
  • 1959 – Greg Matthews, Australian cricketer
  • 1959 – Alan Whetton, New Zealand rugby player
  • 1959 – Gary Whetton, New Zealand rugby player
  • 1960 – Walter Werzowa, Austrian composer and producer
  • 1961 – Karin Resetarits, Austrian journalist and politician
  • 1962 – Tim Gaines, American bass player
  • 1962 – Simon Hodgkinson, English rugby player and coach
  • 1963 – Ellie Cornell, American actress and producer
  • 1963 – Norman J. Grossfeld, American screenwriter and producer
  • 1963 – Helen Slater, American actress
  • 1963 – David Wingate, American basketball player
  • 1964 – Paul Kaye, British actor
  • 1966 – Carl Hooper, Guyanese cricketer and coach
  • 1966 – Molly Price, American actress
  • 1967 – David Howells, English footballer and coach
  • 1967 – Mo Vaughn, American baseball player
  • 1968 – Garrett Wang, American actor
  • 1969 – Ralph Ineson, English actor
  • 1969 – Chantal Petitclerc, Canadian wheelchair racer and senator
  • 1969 – Adam Setliff, American discus thrower and lawyer
  • 1970 – Frankie Dettori, Italian jockey
  • 1970 – Lawrence Funderburke, American basketball player
  • 1970 – Michael Shanks, Canadian actor, screenwriter and director
  • 1971 – Clint Lowery, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
  • 1972 – Rodney Harrison, American football player and sportscaster
  • 1972 – Stuart Townsend, Irish actor
  • 1972 – Alexandra Tydings, American actress, director, writer and producer
  • 1973 – Surya Bonaly, French figure skater
  • 1973 – Ryoo Seung-wan, South Korean actor, director, and screenwriter
  • 1974 – Garath Archer, English rugby player
  • 1974 – P. J. Byrne, American actor
  • 1975 – Samira Saraya, Palestinian actor, filmmaker, poet and rapper
  • 1976 – Baichung Bhutia, Indian footballer and manager
  • 1976 – Kim Eagles, Canadian sport shooter[21]
  • 1976 – Aaron Miles, American baseball player and coach
  • 1976 – Todd Tichenor, American baseball player and umpire
  • 1977 – Mehmet Aurélio, Brazilian-Turkish footballer and manager
  • 1977 – Geoff Stults, American actor and producer
  • 1978 – Ned Brower, American drummer
  • 1978 – Mark Jansen, Dutch guitarist and songwriter
  • 1978 – Jerome McDougle, American football player
  • 1979 – Adam Brody, American actor
  • 1979 – Eric Young, Canadian-American wrestler
  • 1980 – Élodie Gossuin, French beauty pageant titleholder and model
  • 1980 – Sergio Pizzorno, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1980 – Manuel Wilhelm, German rugby player
  • 1981 – Michelle Dockery, English actress
  • 1981 – Brendan Fletcher, Canadian actor and screenwriter
  • 1981 – Andy González, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
  • 1981 – Thomas Herrion, American football player (d. 2005)
  • 1981 – Roman Pavlyuchenko, Russian footballer
  • 1982 – Charlie Cox, English actor
  • 1982 – Borja García, Spanish race car driver
  • 1982 – Tatiana Perebiynis, Ukrainian tennis player[22]
  • 1983 – Delon Armitage, Trinidadian-English rugby player
  • 1983 – René Duprée, Canadian professional wrestler
  • 1983 – Camilla Luddington, English actress
  • 1983 – Ronnie Radke, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
  • 1984 – Martyn Bernard, English high jumper
  • 1985 – Diogo Fernandes, Brazilian footballer
  • 1986 – Kim Junsu, South Korean singer-songwriter and dancer
  • 1986 – Iveta Mazáčová, Czech sprinter
  • 1986 – Keylor Navas, Costa Rican footballer
  • 1987 – Josh Norman, American football player
  • 1986 – Snejana Onopka, Ukrainian model
  • 1988 – Emily Head, English actress
  • 1988 – Steven Nzonzi, French footballer
  • 1989 – Nichole Bloom, American actress and model
  • 1991 – Conor Daly, American race car driver
  • 1992 – Daiamami Genki, Japanese sumo wrestler
  • 1992 – Jesse Lingard, English footballer
  • 1992 – Alex Telles, Brazilian footballer[23]
  • 1996 – Jenifer Brening, German singer
  • 1996 – Oleksandr Zinchenko, Ukrainian footballer
  • 1997 – Maude Apatow, American actress
  • 1997 – Zach Banks, American race car driver
  • 1997 – Magdalena Fręch, Polish tennis player[24]
  • 1997 – Stefania LaVie Owen, New Zealand-American actress
  • 1998 – Chandler Canterbury, American actor
  • 1999 – Amber Joseph, Barbadian cyclist[25]
  • 2000 – Kayvon Thibodeaux, American football player[26]

Deaths

Pre-1600
  • 933 – Li Siyuan, Chinese emperor (b. 867)
  • 1025 – Basil II, Byzantine emperor (b. 958)
  • 1072 – Alp Arslan, Turkish sultan (b. 1029)
  • 1161 – Wanyan Liang, Chinese emperor (b. 1122)
  • 1230 – Ottokar I, duke of Bohemia (b. 1155)
  • 1283 – Philip I, Latin emperor (b. 1243)
  • 1343 – Hasan Kucek, Chopanid prince (b. c. 1319)
  • 1467 – Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna, archbishop and regent of Sweden (b. 1417)
  • 1574 – Selim II, Ottoman sultan (b. 1524)
  • 1598 – Philips of Marnix, Lord of Saint-Aldegonde, Dutch nobleman (b. 1540)

1601–1900
  • 1621 – Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes, French courtier, Constable of France (b. 1578)
  • 1673 – Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, English noblewoman (b. 1623)
  • 1675 – Johannes Vermeer, Dutch painter and educator (b. 1632)
  • 1683 – Izaak Walton, English author (b. 1593)
  • 1688 – Gaspar Fagel, Dutch lawyer and politician (b. 1634)
  • 1698 – Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart, French nobleman (b. 1636)
  • 1715 – George Hickes, English minister and scholar (b. 1642)
  • 1753 – Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, English architect and politician, designed Chiswick House (b. 1694)
  • 1792 – Joseph Martin Kraus, Swedish pianist, violinist, and composer (b. 1756)
  • 1812 – Shneur Zalman, Russian rabbi, author and founder of Chabad (b. 1745)
  • 1817 – Federigo Zuccari, astronomer, director of the Astronomical Observatory of Naples (b. 1783)
  • 1819 – Daniel Rutherford, Scottish chemist and physician (b. 1749)[27]
  • 1855 – Jacques Charles François Sturm, French mathematician and academic (b. 1803)
  • 1878 – Alfred Bird, English chemist and businessman, invented baking powder (b. 1811)
  • 1890 – Sitting Bull, Hunkpapa Lakota tribal chief (b. 1831)

1901–present
  • 1943 – Fats Waller, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1904)
  • 1944 – Glenn Miller, American bandleader and composer (b. 1904)
  • 1947 – Arthur Machen, Welsh journalist and author (b. 1863)
  • 1947 – Crawford Vaughan, Australian politician, 27th Premier of South Australia (b. 1874)
  • 1950 – Vallabhbhai Patel, Indian lawyer and politician, 1st Deputy Prime Minister of India (b. 1875)
  • 1958 – Wolfgang Pauli, Austrian-Swiss physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900)
  • 1962 – Charles Laughton, English-American actor, director, and producer (b. 1899)
  • 1965 – M. Balasundaram, Sri Lankan journalist, lawyer, and politician (b. 1903)
  • 1966 – Keith Arbuthnott, 15th Viscount of Arbuthnott, Indian-Scottish general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Kincardineshire (b. 1897)
  • 1966 – Walt Disney, American animator, director, producer, and screenwriter, co-founded The Walt Disney Company (b. 1901)[28]
  • 1968 – Antonio Barrette, Canadian politician, 18th Premier of Quebec (b. 1899)
  • 1968 – Jess Willard, American boxer and actor (b. 1881)
  • 1969 – Karl Theodor Bleek, German lawyer and politician, 12th Mayor of Marburg (b. 1898)
  • 1971 – Paul Lévy, French mathematician and theorist (b. 1886)
  • 1974 – Anatole Litvak, Russian-American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1902)
  • 1977 – Wilfred Kitching, English 7th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1893)
  • 1978 – Chill Wills, American actor (b. 1903)
  • 1980 – Peter Gregg, American race car driver (b. 1940)[29]
  • 1984 – Jan Peerce, American tenor and actor (b. 1904)
  • 1985 – Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Mauritian physician and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Mauritius (b. 1900)
  • 1986 – Serge Lifar, Russian-French ballet dancer and choreographer (b. 1905)
  • 1989 – Edward Underdown, English actor and jockey (b. 1908)
  • 1991 – Vasily Zaytsev, Russian captain (b. 1915)
  • 1993 – William Dale Phillips, American chemist and engineer (b. 1925)
  • 2000 – Haris Brkić, Bosnian-Serbian basketball player (b. 1974)
  • 2003 – Vincent Apap, Maltese sculptor (b. 1909)
  • 2003 – George Fisher, American cartoonist (b. 1923)
  • 2003 – Keith Magnuson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1947)
  • 2004 – Vassal Gadoengin, Nauruan educator and politician, Speaker of the Nauru Parliament (b. 1943)
  • 2005 – Heinrich Gross, Austrian physician and psychiatrist (b. 1914)
  • 2005 – Stan Leonard, Canadian golfer (b. 1915)
  • 2005 – William Proxmire, American soldier, journalist, and politician (b. 1915)
  • 2005 – Darrell Russell, American football player (b. 1976)
  • 2006 – Clay Regazzoni, Swiss race car driver (b. 1939)
  • 2006 – Mary Stolz, American journalist and author (b. 1920)
  • 2007 – Julia Carson, American lawyer and politician (b. 1938)
  • 2008 – León Febres Cordero, Ecuadorian engineer and politician, 46th President of Ecuador (b. 1931)
  • 2009 – Eliza Atkins Gleason, American librarian (b. 1909)[14]
  • 2009 – Oral Roberts, American evangelist, founded the Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association (b. 1918)
  • 2010 – Blake Edwards, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1922)
  • 2010 – Bob Feller, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1918)
  • 2010 – Eugene Victor Wolfenstein, American psychoanalyst and theorist (b. 1940)
  • 2011 – Bob Brookmeyer, American trombone player and composer (b. 1929)
  • 2011 – Christopher Hitchens, English-American essayist, literary critic, and journalist (b. 1949)
  • 2012 – Owoye Andrew Azazi, Nigerian general (b. 1952)
  • 2012 – Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa, Nigerian politician, 18th Governor of Kaduna State (b. 1948)
  • 2012 – Olga Zubarry, Argentinian actress (b. 1929)
  • 2013 – Harold Camping, American evangelist, author, radio host (b. 1921)
  • 2013 – Joan Fontaine, British-American actress (b. 1917)
  • 2013 – Dyron Nix, American basketball player (b. 1967)
  • 2014 – Donald Metcalf, Australian physiologist and immunologist (b. 1929)
  • 2014 – Fausto Zapata, Mexican journalist, lawyer, and politician, Governor of San Luis Potosí (b. 1940)
  • 2015 – Harry Zvi Tabor, English-Israeli physicist and engineer (b. 1917)
  • 2016 – Craig Sager, American sports journalist (b. 1951)
  • 2017 – Heinz Wolff, scientist and TV presenter (b. 1928)[30]
  • 2017 – Calestous Juma, academic (b. 1953)
  • 2018 – Eryue He, Chinese historical fiction writer (b.1945) [31]
  • 2018 – Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President of Ethiopia (b. 1924)
  • 2020 – Saufatu Sopoanga, Tuvaluan politician, 8th Prime Minister of Tuvalu (b. 1952)[32]

Holidays and observances
  • Bill of Rights Day (United States)
  • Christian feast day:
    • Drina Martyrs
    • Drostan (Aberdeen Breviary)
    • John Horden and Robert McDonald (Episcopal Church (USA))
    • Maria Crocifissa di Rosa
    • Mesmin
    • Valerian of Abbenza
    • Virginia Centurione Bracelli
    • December 15 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  • Homecoming Day (Alderney)
  • Kingdom Day (Netherlands), moves to December 16 if the 15th is on a Sunday
  • Zamenhof Day (International Esperanto Community)

References
  1. Jacobsen, Torsten Cumberland (2009). The Gothic War: Rome's Final Conflict in the West. Yardley, Pa.: Westholme. p. 345. ISBN 9781594160844.
  2. Ekonomou, Andrew (2007). Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes: Eastern influences on Rome and the papacy from Gregory the Great to Zacharias, A.D. 590–752. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0739119778.
  3. Vogt, Albert (1926). "The Macedonian Dynasty From 976 to 1057 A.D.". In Tanner, J.R.; Previté-Orton, C.W.; Brooke, Z.N. (eds.). The Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. 4: The Eastern Roman Empire. New York: Macmillan. p. 96. OCLC 14739796.
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  5. Daftary, Farhad (1992). The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines. Cambridge University Press. p. 429. ISBN 978-0-521-42974-0.
  6. Niemann, Paul (2006). More Invention Mysteries. Quincy, Ill.: Horsefeathers Publishing Company. p. 130. ISBN 9780974804118.
  7. Rigdon, John C. (2005). Historical Sketch and Roster of the Mississippi 29th Infantry Regiment. Cartersville, Ga.: Eastern Digital Resources. p. 58. ISBN 9780359384303.
  8. Lu, Sidney Xu (2019). The Making of Japanese Settler Colonialism. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 94, fn. 95. ISBN 9781108482424.
  9. Willcock, Hiroko (2008). The Japanese Political Thought of Uchimura Kanzō (1861-1930): Synthesizing Bushidō, Christianity, Nationalism, and Liberalism. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press. p. 10. ISBN 9780773451513.
  10. "The Philharmonic Society". The New York Times. December 16, 1893. p. 8. Retrieved December 15, 2020; "Dr. Dvorak's Latest Work". The New York Times. December 17, 1893. p. 19. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
  11. Bunting, Tony (2017). "Colenso". In Grant, R.G. (ed.). 1001 Battles That Changed the Course of World History. New York: Chartwell Books. p. 683. ISBN 9780785835530.
  12. Barth, Linda J. (2013). A History of Inventing in New Jersey: From Thomas Edison to the Ice Cream Cone. Charleston, S.C.: The History Press. p. 61. ISBN 9781626192065.
  13. "The story of Wanda Krahelska-Filipowiczowa | Polscy Sprawiedliwi". sprawiedliwi.org.pl. Retrieved 2019-01-10.
  14. "Obituary – Dr. Eliza Atkins Gleason — Women's Center". louisville.edu. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
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  16. Stone, Andrea (28 February 2020). "Freeman Dyson, legendary theoretical physicist, dies at 96". National Geographic. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  17. "Driver Bill Pitt Career Statistics". Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  18. "Happy Birthday: Professor Sir John Meurig Thomas, 80". The Times. 15 December 2012. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  19. Liu, Miles Xian (2002). Asian American Playwrights: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31455-1.
  20. "Charlie Scott". The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  21. "Kimberley-Anne Eagles". Team Canada - Official Olympic Team Website. 19 September 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  22. "Women's Tennis Association - Official Website". Women's Tennis Association. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
  23. "Alex Telles". Premier League. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  24. "Magdalena Frech | Player Stats & More – WTA Official". Women's Tennis Association. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
  25. "Cycling Track | Athlete Profile: Amber JOSEPH - Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games". results.gc2018.com. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
  26. "Kayvon Thibodeaux Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  27. Waterston, Charles D.; Macmillan Shearer, A. (July 2006). Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002: Biographical Index (PDF). Vol. II. Edinburgh: The Royal Society of Edinburgh. ISBN 978-0-902198-84-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2006. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
  28. Ryan, James Gilbert; Schlup, Leonard C. (26 March 2015). Historical Dictionary of the 1940s. Routledge. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-317-46865-3.
  29. "On this day in motoring - Monday 15th December 1980".
  30. Buchanunn, Joe (16 December 2017). "Professor Heinz Wolff, scientist and TV presenter, dies aged 89". Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  31. "Famous Chinese writer Ling Jiefang passed away". China Daily/China/Society. 2018-12-15.
  32. "外交部對吐瓦魯前總理索法圖逝世表達深切哀悼". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan) (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 21 December 2020. Archived from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
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