1944

1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1944th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 944th year of the 2nd millennium, the 44th year of the 20th century, and the 5th year of the 1940s decade.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1944 by topic
Subject
  • Animation
    • Anime
  • Archaeology
  • Architecture
  • Art
  • Aviation
  • Awards
  • Comics
  • Film
  • Literature
    • Poetry
  • Meteorology
  • Music
    • Country
    • Jazz
  • Rail transport
  • Radio
  • Science
  • Spaceflight
  • Sports
  • Football
  • Television


    • British
By country
  • Australia
  • Belgium
  • Bulgaria
  • Brazil
  • Canada
  • China
  • France
  • Germany
  • India
  • Ireland
  • Italy
  • Japan
  • Malaya
  • New Zealand
  • Norway
  • Palestine Mandate
  • Philippines
  • South Africa
  • Soviet Union
  • Spain
  • Sweden
  • Turkey
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
Lists of leaders
  • Sovereign states
  • Sovereign state leaders
  • Territorial governors
  • Religious leaders
  • Law
Birth and death categories
  • Births
  • Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments
Works category
  • Works
  • Introductions
1944 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1944
MCMXLIV
Ab urbe condita2697
Armenian calendar1393
ԹՎ ՌՅՂԳ
Assyrian calendar6694
Baháʼí calendar100–101
Balinese saka calendar1865–1866
Bengali calendar1351
Berber calendar2894
British Regnal year8 Geo. 6 – 9 Geo. 6
Buddhist calendar2488
Burmese calendar1306
Byzantine calendar7452–7453
Chinese calendar癸未年 (Water Goat)
4640 or 4580
    — to —
甲申年 (Wood Monkey)
4641 or 4581
Coptic calendar1660–1661
Discordian calendar3110
Ethiopian calendar1936–1937
Hebrew calendar5704–5705
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat2000–2001
 - Shaka Samvat1865–1866
 - Kali Yuga5044–5045
Holocene calendar11944
Igbo calendar944–945
Iranian calendar1322–1323
Islamic calendar1363–1364
Japanese calendarShōwa 19
(昭和１９年)
Javanese calendar1874–1875
Juche calendar33
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4277
Minguo calendarROC 33
民國33年
Nanakshahi calendar476
Thai solar calendar2487
Tibetan calendar阴水羊年
(female Water-Goat)
2070 or 1689 or 917
    — to —
阳木猴年
(male Wood-Monkey)
2071 or 1690 or 918
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1944.

Events

Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.

January
US Army troops landing at Anzio during Operation Shingle, late January 1944.
  • January 2 – WWII:
    • Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in North Africa.
    • Landing at Saidor: 13,000 US and Australian troops land on Papua New Guinea, in an attempt to cut off a Japanese retreat.
  • January 8 – WWII: Philippine Commonwealth troops enter the province of Ilocos Sur in northern Luzon and attack Japanese forces.
  • January 11
    • President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt proposes a Second Bill of Rights for social and economic security, in his State of the Union address.
    • The Nazi German administration expands Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp into the larger standalone Konzentrationslager Plaszow bei Krakau in occupied Poland.
  • January 12 – WWII: Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle begin a 2-day conference in Marrakech.
  • January 14 – WWII: Soviet troops start the offensive at Leningrad and Novgorod.
  • January 15
    • WWII: The 27th Polish Home Army Infantry Division is re-created, marking the start of Operation Tempest by the Polish Home Army, a resistance force.
    • 1944 San Juan earthquake: An earthquake hits San Juan, Argentina, killing an estimated 10,000 people, in the worst natural disaster in Argentina's history.
  • January 17 – WWII:
    • The Battle of Monte Cassino begins in Italy. British forces cross the Garigliano River. U.S. Fifth Army troops, commanded by Lieutenant-General Mark W. Clark, arrive at the Garigliano, to begin their attack against the Gustav Line south of Rome. The French Expeditionary Corps, under command of General Alphonse Juin, moves into the mountains north of Monte Cassino.[1]
    • The Soviet Union ceases production of the Mosin–Nagant 1891/30 sniper rifle.
  • January 20 – WWII:
    • The Royal Air Force drops 2,300 tons of bombs on Berlin.
    • The United States 36th Infantry Division in Italy attempts to cross the Rapido River.
  • January 22 – WWII: Operation Shingle: The Allies begin the assault on Anzio, Italy. The U.S. 45th Infantry Division stand their ground at Anzio against violent assaults for four months.
  • January 25 – A total solar eclipse is visible in Pacific Ocean, South America, Atlantic Ocean and Africa, the 48th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 130.
  • January 27 – WWII:
  • January 29 – WWII: Koniuchy massacre – A unit of Soviet partisans accompanied by Jewish partisans kills at least 38 civilians in the village of Koniuchy in Nazi occupied Lithuania.
  • January 30 – WWII:
  • January 31 – WWII: Battle of Kwajalein: American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands, in the Japanese-held Marshall Islands.

February
The Abbey of Monte Cassino in ruins after being destroyed by Allied bombing, February 1944.
  • The Zadran tribe rises up against the Afghan government, starting the Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1947.[2]
  • February 2 – The first issue of Human Events is published in Washington, D.C.
  • February 3 – WWII: United States troops capture the Marshall Islands.
  • February 7 – WWII: At Anzio, German forces launch a counteroffensive.
  • February 8 – WWII:
    • 2,765 drown when American submarine USS Snook torpedoes Japanese troop transport Lima Maru.[3]
    • 2,670 drown when British submarine HMS Sportsman torpedoes German-captured Petrella carrying Italian prisoners of war.[4]
  • February 14 – WWII: An anti-Japanese revolt breaks out on Java.
  • February 15 – WWII: Battle of Monte Cassino – The monastery atop Monte Cassino is destroyed by Allied bombing.
  • February 17 – WWII: Pacific War – The Battle of Eniwetok begins when U.S. forces invade the atoll in the Marshall Islands.
  • February 18 – WWII: British light cruiser HMS Penelope is torpedoed and sunk by U-410 in the Mediterranean; 417 of her crew, including the captain, go down with the ship; 206 survive.
  • February 20 – WWII:
    • The "Big Week" begins, with American bomber raids on German aircraft manufacturing centers.
    • The United States takes Eniwetok Atoll.
    • Norwegian heavy water sabotage: The Norwegian resistance sinks train ferry SF Hydro which is carrying a shipment of heavy water from the Vemork plant to Germany along Tinnsjå in Telemark.
  • February 22 – WWII: The United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe is organized from the Eighth Air Force's strategic planning staff, subsuming strategic planning for all US Army Air Forces in Europe and Africa.
  • February 23 – WWII:
    • Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush ("Operation Lentil"): Forced deportation of Chechens and Ingush people from North Caucasus to Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia by the Soviet authorities begins.
    • The Battle of Eniwetok concludes when U.S. forces secure the last islands in the Eniwetok Atoll.
  • February 24 – WWII: American submarine USS Rasher torpedoes Japanese transports Ryūsei Maru and Tango Maru; 7,998 drown.[5]
  • February 26
    • Kurt Gerron begins shooting the Nazi propaganda film Theresienstadt in Theresienstadt concentration camp. He and many others who are featured in it are transferred to Auschwitz and gassed upon the film's completion.
    • Sue S. Dauser becomes the first woman appointed to the substantive rank of captain, in the United States Navy Nurse Corps.
  • February 29 – WWII: Pacific War – The Admiralty Islands campaign (Operation Brewer) opens when U.S. forces land on Los Negros Island in the Admiralty Islands.

March
The March 1944 eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
  • March – Austrian-born economist Friedrich Hayek publishes his book The Road to Serfdom in London.
  • March 1 – WWII: American submarine USS Trout torpedoes Japanese merchant cruiser Sakito Maru; 2,495 drown.[6]
  • March 2 – The 16th Academy Awards Ceremony is held, the first Oscar ceremony held at a large public venue, Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood. Casablanca, directed by Michael Curtiz, wins the Award for Best Picture.
  • March 3 – WWII: The Order of Nakhimov and the Order of Ushakov are instituted in the USSR.
  • March 4 – Louis Buchalter, the leader of 1930s crime syndicate Murder, Inc., is executed at Sing Sing, in Ossining, New York, along with Emanuel Weiss and Louis Capone.
  • March 6 – WWII: Soviet Army planes attack Narva, Estonia, destroying almost the entire baroque old town.
  • March 9 – WWII: Soviet Army planes attack Tallinn, Estonia, killing 757 and leaving 25,000 homeless.
  • March 10
    • In Britain, the prohibition on married women working as teachers is lifted.[7]
    • Resistance leader Joop Westerweel is arrested while returning to the Netherlands, having escorted a group of Jewish children to safety in Spain.
  • March 12 – WWII: The Political Committee of National Liberation is created in Greece.
  • March 15
  • March 18
    • The last eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy kills 26, and causes thousands to flee their homes.
    • WWII: The Nazis execute almost 400 prisoners, Soviet citizens and anti-fascist Romanians at Rîbnița.
  • March 19
    • WWII: Operation Margarethe: German forces occupy Hungary.
    • The secular oratorio A Child of Our Time by Michael Tippett is premiered at the Adelphi Theatre in London.[8][9]
  • March 20 - WWII:
    • Landing on Emirau: 4,000 United States Marines land on Emirau Island in the Bismarck Archipelago to develop an airbase, as part of Operation Cartwheel.
    • British Royal Air Force Flight Sergeant Nicholas Alkemade's bomber is hit over Germany, and he has to bail out without a parachute from a height of over 4,000 meters (13,123 ft). Tree branches interrupt his fall and he lands safely on deep snow.
  • March 23 – WWII: Members of the Italian Resistance attack Nazis marching in Via Rasella, killing 33.
  • March 24 – WWII:
    • Ardeatine massacre: In Rome, 335 Italians are killed, including 75 Jews and over 200 members of the Italian Resistance from various groups.
    • In Markowa, Poland, German police kill Józef and Wiktoria Ulm, their 6 children and 8 Jews they were hiding.
    • The "Great Escape": 76 Royal Air Force prisoners of war escape by tunnel "Harry" from Stalag Luft III this night. Only 3 men (2 Norwegians and a Dutchman) return to the UK; of those recaptured, 50 are summarily executed soon afterwards, in the Stalag Luft III murders.
  • March 27 – In Sweden, Ruben Rausing patents Erik Wallenberg's method of packaging milk in paper, origin of the international company Tetra Pak.[10]

April
  • April 2 – WWII: Ascq massacre: Members of the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend shoot 85 civilians suspected of blowing up their train on its approach to the Gare d'Ascq in France.
  • April 4 WWII:
    • Allied bombardment of Bucharest, Romania begins. The United States Air Force and British Royal Air Force, with approximately 3,640 bombers of different types, accompanied by about 1,830 fighters bomb Romania for the following 4½ months. As collateral damage, 5,524 inhabitants are killed, 3,373 injured, and 47,974 left homeless.
    • An Allied photoreconnaissance aircraft of 60 Squadron SAAF photographs part of Auschwitz concentration camp.
  • April 10 – The Holocaust: Rudolf Vrba and Alfréd Wetzler escape from Auschwitz concentration camp; on April 25–27 they prepare the Vrba–Wetzler report, one of the earliest and most detailed descriptions of the extermination of Jews in the camp.
  • April 14 – Bombay Explosion: Freighter SS Fort Stikine, carrying a mixed cargo of ammunition, cotton bales and gold, explodes in harbour at Bombay (India), sinking surrounding ships and killing around 800 people.
  • April 15 – Italian fascist philosopher Giovanni Gentile is assassinated in Florence by Bruno Fanciullacci, a member of the partisan Gruppi di Azione Patriottica.
  • April 16 – WWII: Allied forces start bombing Belgrade, killing about 1,100 people. This bombing falls on the Orthodox Christian Easter.
  • April 19 – WWII:
  • April 25
    • The Holocaust: SS-Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann opens "blood for goods" negotiations with Joel Brand, to offer the release of thousands of Jews from eastern Europe to the Hungarian Aid and Rescue Committee, in exchange for supplies for the German Eastern Front.
    • The United Negro College Fund is incorporated in the United States.
  • April 26 – WWII:
    • German General Kreipe is kidnapped on Crete, Greece.
    • American submarine USS Jack torpedoes Japanese cargo carrier Yoshida Maru No. 1; 2,649 drown.[11]
  • April 28 – WWII: Allied convoy T4, forming part of amphibious Exercise Tiger (a full-scale rehearsal for the Normandy landings) in Start Bay, off the Devon coast of England, is attacked by E-boats, resulting in the deaths of 749 American servicemen from LSTs.[12][13][14][15]

May
The prime ministers of Britain and the four major dominions at the 1944 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference, May 1, 1944.

June
Allied troops land on the beaches of Normandy during D-Day.
LVTs heading for shore on June 15, 1944, during the Battle of Saipan.
  • June 1 – Two K-class blimps of the United States Navy complete the first transatlantic crossing by non-rigid airships, from the U.S. to French Morocco, with two stops.[17]
  • June 2 – WWII: The Provisional Government of the French Republic is established.
  • June 3 – Hans Asperger publishes his paper on Asperger syndrome.[18][19]
  • June 4 – WWII:
    • Rome falls to the Allies, the first Axis capital to fall.
    • A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy captures the German submarine U-505, marking the first time a U.S. Navy vessel has captured an enemy vessel at sea since the War of 1812. Some significant intelligence data is acquired.
  • June 5 – WWII:
    • The German navy's Enigma messages are decoded in England almost in real time.
    • British Group Captain James Stagg correctly forecasts a brief improvement in weather conditions over the English Channel, which will permit the following day's Normandy landings to take place (having been deferred from today due to unfavourable weather).
    • At 10:15 p.m. local time, the BBC transmits coded messages including the second line of the Paul Verlaine poem "Chanson d'automne" to the French Resistance, indicating that the invasion of Europe is about to begin.[20][21]
    • More than 1,000 British bombers drop 5,000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on the Normandy coast, in preparation for D-Day.
    • US and British airborne divisions drop into Normandy, in preparation for D-Day.
    • D-Day naval deceptions are launched.
  • June 6 – WWII: D-Day: 155,000 Allied troops shipped from England land on the beaches of Normandy in northern France, beginning Operation Overlord and the Invasion of Normandy. The Allied soldiers quickly break through the Atlantic Wall and push inland, in the largest amphibious military operation in history. This operation helps liberate France from Germany, and also weakens the Nazi hold on Europe.
  • June 7 – WWII:
    • Bayeux is liberated by British troops.
    • Operation Perch, a British attempt to capture Caen from the Germans, commences; it is abandoned on June 14.
    • The steamer Danae (Greek: Δανάη), carrying 600 Cretans (including 350 Greek Jews) on the first leg of the journey to Auschwitz, is sunk, with no known survivors, off Santorini.
    • Joel Brand is intercepted by British agents in Aleppo.
  • June 9 – WWII: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin launches the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive against Finland, with the intent of defeating Finland before pushing for Berlin.
  • June 10 – WWII: Oradour-sur-Glane massacre: 642 men, women and children are killed in France.
  • June 13 – WWII: Germany launches the first V-1 flying bomb attack on London.[22]
  • June 15 – WWII: Battle of Saipan: United States forces land on Saipan.
  • June 15–16 – WWII: Bombing of Yawata – The United States Army Air Forces conduct the first air raid on the Japanese home islands.
  • June 16 – At age 14, George Stinney becomes the youngest person ever executed in the United States.
  • June 17 – Iceland declares full independence from Denmark.
  • June 19 – WWII: A severe storm badly damages the Mulberry harbours on the Normandy coast.
  • June 20 – WWII: A V-2 rocket becomes the first man-made object to cross the Kármán line and reach the edge of space.[23]
  • June 22 – WWII:
  • June 23 – The Holocaust: Maurice Rossel of the International Committee of the Red Cross visits Theresienstadt concentration camp, uncritically accepting the propaganda view of it presented by the Schutzstaffel.
  • June 25 – WWII:
  • June 26 – WWII: American troops enter Cherbourg.
  • June 29 – WWII: American submarine USS Sturgeon torpedoes Japanese troop transport Toyama Maru; 5,400 drown.[4]
  • June 30 – WWII: American submarine USS Tang torpedoes Japanese troop transport SS Nikkin Maru; 3,219 drown.[24]

July
Aftermath of the failed 20 July plot to kill Hitler.
Soviet soldiers fight in the streets of Jelgava, summer 1944.
American medics helping injured soldier in France, 1944.
  • July–October – WWII: Germans are driven out of Lithuania leading to reimposition of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic.
  • July 1 – The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference begins at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States.
  • July 3 – WWII:
    • Soviet troops liberate Minsk.
    • Battle of Imphal: Japanese forces call off their advance, ending the battle with a British victory.
  • July 6 – WWII: At Camp Hood, Texas, future baseball star and 1st Lt. Jackie Robinson is arrested and later court-martialed, for refusing to move to the back of a segregated U.S. Army bus (he is eventually acquitted).
  • July 9 – WWII: British and Canadian forces capture Caen.
  • July 10–11 – WWII: Operation Jupiter during the Battle of Normandy of World War II: British strategic victory over German Panzer Corps.
  • July 10 – WWII: Soviet troops begin operations to liberate the Baltic countries from Nazi occupation.
  • July 12–21 – WWII: Dortan massacre – 35–36 French civilians are killed by Ostlegionen (Cossacks) serving with the Wehrmacht.
  • July 13 – WWII: Vilnius is freed by Soviet forces.
  • July 16 – WWII: The first contingent of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force arrives in Italy.
  • July 17 – WWII:
    • The largest convoy of the war embarks from Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, under Royal Canadian Navy protection.
    • Port Chicago disaster: The SS E. A. Bryan, loaded with ammunition, explodes at the Port Chicago, California, Naval Magazine, killing 320 sailors and civilian personnel.
  • July 18 – WWII:
    • American forces push back the Germans in Saint-Lô, capturing the city.
    • British forces launch Operation Goodwood, an armoured offensive aimed at driving the Germans from the high ground to the south of Caen. The offensive ends 2 days later with minimal gains.
    • Hideki Tōjō resigns as Prime Minister of Japan due to numerous setbacks in the war effort and is succeeded on July 22 by Kuniaki Koiso.
  • July 20
    • WWII: Adolf Hitler survives the 20 July plot to assassinate him led by Claus von Stauffenberg; he and his fellow conspirators in this and Operation Valkyrie are executed the following day.
    • The annular solar eclipse of July 20, 1944 is visible in Africa, Indian Ocean, Asia, Pacific Ocean and Australia, and is the 35th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 135.
  • July 21 – WWII:
    • Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam (the battle ends August 10).
    • The Soviet-sponsored Polish Committee of National Liberation is created, in opposition to the Polish government-in-exile.
  • July 22
    • The Bretton Woods Conference ends with agreements signed to set up the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and International Monetary Fund.
    • The new Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes the PKWN Manifesto in Chełm, calling for a continuation of fighting against Nazi Germany, radical reforms including nationalisation of industry, and a "decent border in the West" (the Oder–Neisse line).
    • United States v. Masaaki Kuwabara,[25] the only Japanese American draft avoidance case to be dismissed on a due process violation of the U.S. Constitution.
  • July 24 – The Holocaust: Majdanek concentration camp is liberated by the Soviet Red Army and much incriminating evidence of the atrocities committed there is found.[26][27][28][29]
  • July 25 – WWII:
    • Operation Spring: One of the bloodiest days for Canadian forces during the war results in 1,550 casualties, including 450 killed, during the Normandy Campaign.
    • Battle of Tannenberg Line (or "Battle of the Blue Hills") in northeastern Estonia begins: The Red Army will gain a Pyrrhic victory by August 10.
  • July 26 – WWII: A Messerschmitt Me 262 becomes the first jet fighter aircraft to have an operational victory.[30]
  • July 31 – WWII: American submarine USS Parche torpedoes Japanese troop transport Yoshino Maru; 2,495 drown.[6]

August
Szare Szeregi Scouts also fought in the Warsaw Uprising.
Jewish prisoners of Gęsiówka liberated by Polish soldiers from Batalion Zośka, August 5, 1944.
Crowds of French people line the Champs Élysées following the Liberation of Paris, August 26, 1944.
  • August 1 – WWII: The Warsaw Uprising begins.
  • August 2 – WWII:
    • Turkey ends diplomatic and economic relations with Germany.
    • The First Assembly of ASNOM (the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the People's Liberation of Macedonia) is held in the Prohor Pčinjski monastery.
  • August 3 – The Education Act in the United Kingdom, promoted by Rab Butler, creates a Tripartite system of education in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.[31]
  • August 4 – WWII:
  • August 5 – WWII:
    • The Warsaw Uprising:
      • The Wola massacre begins. Between now and August 12, 40,000 to 50,000 Polish civilians will be indiscriminately massacred by occupying SS troops.
      • The Holocaust: Polish insurgents liberate a German labor camp in Warsaw, freeing 348 Jewish prisoners.
    • Cowra breakout: Over 500 Japanese prisoners of war attempt a mass breakout from the Cowra camp in Australia. In the ensuing manhunt, 231 Japanese escapees and four Australian soldiers are killed.
  • August 7 – IBM dedicates the first program-controlled calculator, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (known best as the Harvard Mark I).
  • August 9 – The United States Forest Service and the Wartime Advertising Council release the first posters featuring Smokey Bear.
  • August 12 – WWII:
    • The Allies capture Florence, Italy.
    • Operation Pluto: The world's first undersea oil pipeline is laid between England and France.
  • August 15 – WWII: Operation Dragoon lands Allies in southern France. The U.S. 45th Infantry Division participates in its fourth assault landing at Sainte-Maxime, spearheading the drive for the Belfort Gap.
  • August 18 – WWII: American submarine USS Rasher sinks Teia Maru, Eishin Maru, Teiyu Maru, and aircraft carrier Taiyō from Japanese convoy HI71, in one of the most effective American "wolfpack" attacks of the war.[34]
  • August 19 – WWII:
    • American submarine USS Spadefish torpedoes Japanese landing craft depot ship Tamatsu Maru; more than 4,400 Japanese servicemen drown.[35]
    • Liberation of Paris starts with resistance forces staging an insurrection against the German occupiers.
  • August 20 – WWII:
    • American forces successfully defeat Nazi forces at Chambois, closing the Falaise Pocket.
    • 168 captured Allied airmen, including Phil Lamason, accused of being "terror fliers" by the Gestapo, arrive at Buchenwald concentration camp, where they form the KLB Club.
  • August 21
    • The Dumbarton Oaks Conference (Washington Conversations on International Peace and Security Organization) opens in Washington, D.C.: U.S., British, Chinese, French and Soviet representatives meet to plan the foundation of the United Nations.[22]
    • WWII: Operation Tractable concludes, when Canadian troops relieve the Polish and link with the Americans, capturing remaining German forces in the Falaise Pocket, and securing the strategically important French town of Falaise, in the final offensive of the Battle of Normandy.
  • August 22 – WWII:
    • Tsushima Maru, an unmarked Japanese passenger/cargo ship, is sunk by torpedoes launched by the submarine USS Bowfin off Akuseki-jima, killing 1,484 civilians, including 767 schoolchildren.
    • Holocaust of Kedros: German Wehrmacht infantry begin an intimidatory razing operation, killing 164, against the civilian residents of nine villages in the Amari Valley on the occupied Greek island of Crete.
  • August 23 – WWII:
    • King Michael's Coup: Ion Antonescu, the Conducator of Romania and Mihai Antonescu prime minister of Romania, are arrested and a new military government established. Romania leaves the war against the Soviet Union, joining the Allies. General Constantin Sanatescu is the "armed force" of the coup d'état and will be appointed by King Michael of Romania as prime minister of Romania on September 1.
    • Padule di Fucecchio massacre: At least 174 Italian civilians are killed by members of the 23rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht) as a reprisal for the wounding of two soldiers.
  • August 24 – WWII:
  • August 25 – WWII:
    • German surrender of Paris: General Dietrich von Choltitz surrenders Paris to the Allies, in defiance of Hitler's orders to destroy it.
    • Maillé massacre: 129 civilians (70% women and children) are massacred by the Gestapo at Maillé, Indre-et-Loire.
    • Hungary decides to continue the war together with Germany.
    • The Red Ball Express convoy system begins operation, supplying tons of materiel to Allied forces in France.
  • August 29 – WWII: The Slovak National Uprising against the Axis powers begins.
  • August 31 – The Mad Gasser of Mattoon apparently resumes his mysterious attacks in Mattoon, Illinois for two weeks.

September
Waves of paratroopers land in the Netherlands during Operation Market Garden in September 1944.
  • September – The Dutch famine ("Hongerwinter") begins, in the occupied northern part of the Netherlands.[36]
  • September 1 – WWII: In Bulgaria, the Bagryanov government resigns.
  • September 2
  • September 3 – WWII: The Allies liberate Brussels.
  • September 4 – WWII:
    • The British 11th Armoured Division liberates the city of Antwerp, Belgium.
    • Finland breaks off relations with Germany.
  • September 5
  • September 6 – WWII: The Tartu Offensive in Estonia concludes, with Soviet forces capturing Tartu.
  • September 7 – WWII:
    • The Belgian government in exile returns to Brussels from London.
    • Members of Vichy France's collaborationist government are relocated to Germany where an enclave is established for them in Sigmaringen Castle.
    • Shin'yō Maru incident: Japanese cargo ship SS Shinyō Maru is torpedoed and sunk in the Sulu Sea by American submarine USS Paddle while carrying 750 American prisoners of war; 688 perish.
  • September 8 – WWII:
    • The first V-2 rocket attack on London takes place.[22]
    • The French town of Menton is liberated from German forces.
    • Bulgaria declares war on Germany.
  • September 9 – WWII: The Bulgarian government is overthrown by the Fatherland Front coalition, which establishes a pro-Soviet government.
  • September 10 – WWII: Liberation of Luxembourg.
  • September 11 – WWII:
    • The Laksevåg floating dry dock at Bergen (Norway) is sunk by British X-class submarine X-24.
    • An approaching formation of 36 US bombers is engaged by a German fighter squadron (Jagdgeschwader) in the Battle over the Ore Mountains. After the first German attack on the bombers, US Mustangs attack the German squadron in aerial dogfights.
  • September 12 – WWII: Allied forces from Operation Overlord (in northern France) and Operation Dragoon (in the south) link up near Dijon.
  • September 13 – WWII: The Battle of Meligalas begins, between the Greek Resistance forces of the Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) and the collaborationist Security Battalions.
  • September 14 – The Great Atlantic hurricane makes landfall in the New York City area.
  • September 15 – WWII: The Battle of Peleliu begins in the Pacific.
  • September 17 – WWII: Operation Market Garden: Allied airborne landings begin in the Netherlands and Germany.
  • September 17–20 – WWII: Italian Campaign – In the Battle of San Marino, British and Empire forces take the occupied neutral republic of San Marino from the German Army.
  • September 18 – WWII:
    • British submarine HMS Tradewind torpedoes Japanese "hell ship" Jun'yō Maru; 5,620 drown.[38]
    • After German forces declare the evacuation of Estonia the day before, the Estonian national government briefly resumes control of Tallinn before the Soviet advance.
  • September 19 – WWII:
  • September 22 – WWII: The Red Army captures Tallinn, Estonia. Prime Minister in Duties of the President of Estonia Jüri Uluots and 80,000 Estonian civilians manage to escape to Sweden and Germany. The evacuees include almost the entire population of Estonian Swedes. Soviet bombing raids on the evacuating ships sink several, with thousands on board.
  • September 24 – WWII: The U.S. 45th Infantry Division takes the strongly defended city of Épinal in France before crossing the Moselle River and entering the western foothills of the Vosges.
  • September 26 – WWII:

October
Henry Larsen becomes the first person successfully to navigate the Northwest Passage in both directions, July–October 1944.
American troops advance towards San Jose on Leyte Island, October 20, 1944.
Light aircraft carrier USS Princeton afire, east of Luzon, October 24, 1944.
Volkssturm founded in October 1944.
Battle of Leyte begins – General MacArthur returns to the Philippines, October 20, 1944.
Battle of Leyte Gulf between United States and Japan, October 23, 1944.

November
  • November 1–December 7 – Delegates of 52 nations meet at the International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago, to plan for postwar international cooperation, framing the constitution of the International Civil Aviation Organization.
  • November 3 – WWII: Two supreme commanders of the Slovak National Uprising, Generals Ján Golian and Rudolf Viest, are captured, tortured and later executed by German forces.
  • November 7
    • United States presidential election: Franklin D. Roosevelt wins reelection over Republican challenger Thomas E. Dewey, becoming the only U.S. president elected to a fourth term.
    • Election day rail accident in Puerto Rico: A passenger train derails at Aguadilla due to excessive speed on a downgrade; 16 are killed, 50 injured.
  • November 10 – WWII: Ammunition ship USS Mount Hood disintegrates from the accidental detonation of 3,800 tons of cargo, in the Seeadler Harbor fleet anchorage at Manus Island. 22 small boats are destroyed, 36 nearby ships damaged, 432 men are killed and 371 more are injured.[45]
  • November 11 – Operational ships of the French Navy re-enter their base at Toulon.
  • November 12 – WWII: Operation Catechism – German battleship Tirpitz is sunk by British Royal Air Force Lancaster bombers near Tromsø.[22] Estimated casualties range from 950 to 1,204.
  • November 14 – WWII:American submarine USS Queenfish torpedoes Japanese aircraft carrier Akitsu Maru in the East China Sea; 2,246 drown.[46]
  • November 16 – WWII: U.S. forces begin the month-long Operation Queen in the Rur Valley.
  • November 18
    • The Popular Socialist Youth is founded in Cuba.
    • WWII: American submarine USS Picuda torpedoes Japanese landing craft depot ship Mayasan Maru; 3,546 drown.[46]
  • November 22
  • November 24 – WWII: German forces evacuate from the West Estonian Archipelago.
  • November 27
    • RAF Fauld explosion: Between 3,450 and 3,930 tons (3,500 and 4,000 tonnes) of ordnance explodes at an underground storage depot in Staffordshire, England, leaving about 75 dead and a crater 1,200 metres (1,300 yd) across and 120 metres (390 ft) deep. The blast is one of the largest non-nuclear explosions in history, and the largest on UK soil.[48]
    • Operation Tigerfish: Royal Air Force bombing of Freiburg im Breisgau kills 2,800.
  • November 29 – WWII: American submarine USS Archerfish sinks Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano, the largest carrier built to this date, and will remain through the twentieth century the largest ship sunk by a submarine.[49]

December
Victims of the Malmedy massacre
  • December 1 – Edward Stettinius, Jr. becomes the last United States Secretary of State of the Roosevelt administration, filling the seat left by Cordell Hull.
  • December 3 – WWII:
    • Fighting breaks out between Communists and royalists in newly liberated Greece, eventually leading to a full-scale Greek Civil War.
    • The Home Guard (United Kingdom) is stood down.
  • December 7
    • The Convention on International Civil Aviation is signed in Chicago, creating the International Civil Aviation Organization.
    • The Arab Women's Congress of 1944 is hosted by the Egyptian Feminist Union in Cairo, leading to establishment of the Arab Feminist Union.
    • An earthquake along the coast of Wakayama Prefecture in Japan causes a tsunami which kills 1223 people.[50]
  • December 10 – Italian conductor Arturo Toscanini leads a concert performance of the first half of Beethoven's Fidelio (minus its spoken dialogue) on NBC Radio, starring Rose Bampton. He chooses this opera for its political message: a statement against tyranny and dictatorship. Presenting it in German, Toscanini intends it as a tribute to the German people who are being oppressed by Hitler. The second half is broadcast a week later. The performance is later released on LP and CD, the first of 7 operas that Toscanini conducts on radio.
  • December 12–13 – WWII: British units attempt to take the Italian hilltop town of Tossignano, but are repulsed.
  • December 13 – WWII: Battle of Mindoro – United States, Australian and Philippine Commonwealth troops land on Mindoro Island in the Philippines.
  • December 14
    • The Soviet government changes Turkish place names to Russian in the Crimea.
    • The film National Velvet is released in the United States, bringing a young Elizabeth Taylor to stardom.
  • December 15 – A USAAF utility aircraft carrying bandleader Major Glenn Miller disappears in heavy fog over the English Channel, while flying to Paris.
  • December 16 – WWII:
  • December 17 – WWII:
    • Malmedy massacre: German SS troops under Joachim Peiper machine gun American prisoners of war captured during the Battle of the Bulge near Malmedy, and elsewhere in Belgium.
    • Bombing of Ulm: 707 people are killed and 25,000 left homeless.
  • December 18 – General Douglas MacArthur becomes the second U.S. Five-Star General.
  • December 19 – The daily newspaper Le Monde begins publication in Paris.
  • December 20
    • The United States Women Airforce Service Pilots are disbanded.
    • General Dwight D. Eisenhower is promoted to the rank of 5-star U.S. Five-Star General.
  • December 22
    • WWII: Brigadier General Anthony C. McAuliffe, commander of the U.S. forces defending Bastogne, refuses to accept demands for surrender by sending a one-word reply, "Nuts!", to the German command.
    • The Vietnam People's Army is formed in French Indochina.
  • December 24
    • WWII: Troopship SS Léopoldville is sunk in the English Channel by German submarine U-486. Approximately 763 soldiers of the U.S. 66th Infantry Division, bound for the Battle of the Bulge, drown.[51]
    • WWII: German tanks reach the furthest point of the Bulge at Celles.
    • WWII: Fifty German V-1 flying bombs, air-launched from Heinkel He 111 bombers flying over the North Sea, target Manchester in England, killing 42 and injuring more than 100 in the Oldham area.[52][53]
    • WWII: Bande massacre: 34 men between the ages of 17 and 32 are executed by the Sicherheitsdienst near Bande, Belgium, in retaliation for the killing of 3 German soldiers.
    • The first complete U.S. production of Tchaikovsky's ballet The Nutcracker is presented in San Francisco, choreographed by Willam Christensen. It will become an annual tradition there, and for the next ten years, the San Francisco Ballet will be the only company in the United States performing the complete work.
  • December 24–26 – Agana race riot in Guam between white and black United States Marines.
  • December 26
  • December 30
    • King George II of Greece declares a regency, leaving his throne vacant.
    • Stage Door Cartoon is the first cartoon produced by Eddie Selzer.
  • December 31 – WWII: Battle of Leyte – Tens of thousands of Imperial Japanese Army soldiers are killed in action, in a significant Filipino/Allied military victory.

Date unknown
  • The 1944 Summer Olympics, scheduled for London (together with the February Winter Olympics scheduled for Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy), are suspended due to WWII.
  • National Committee for Education on Alcoholism, predecessor of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, is established in the United States by Marty Mann.
  • Last known evidence of the existence of the Asiatic lion in the wild in Khuzestan Province, Persia.[54]
  • The BC Žalgiris professional basketball club is founded in Kaunas, Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic.[55]

Births
Births
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January
Omar al-Bashir
Jimmy Page
Joe Frazier
Carlos Villagrán
Paul Keating
Rutger Hauer
Angela Davis

February
Stockard Channing
Jerry Springer
Dzhokhar Dudayev
Jonathan Demme
Johnny Winter

March
Roger Daltrey
Uschi Glas
Ric Ocasek
R. Lee Ermey
Diana Ross
Nana Akufo-Addo
  • March 1
  • March 2
    • Uschi Glas, German actress
    • Leif Segerstam, Finnish conductor and composer
  • March 3 – Odessa Cleveland, American actress (M*A*S*H)
  • March 4
    • Harvey Postlethwaite, English engineer and race car designer (d. 1999)
    • Bobby Womack, African-American singer and songwriter (d. 2014)
  • March 5 – Peter Brandes, Danish artist
  • March 6
  • March 7
    • Michael Rosbash, American geneticist and chronobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
    • Townes Van Zandt, American country singer (d. 1997)
  • March 8 – Buzz Hargrove, Canadian labour leader
  • March 11
    • Graham Lyle, Grammy-winning Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist, known for writing several international hits for Tina Turner
    • Don Maclean, English comedian and broadcaster
  • March 15
    • Emmerich Danzer, Austrian figure skater
    • Ralph MacDonald, American percussionist, songwriter (d. 2011)
  • March 17
  • March 18 – Dick Smith, Australian entrepreneur
  • March 19
  • March 20 – Erwin Neher, German biophysicist
  • March 21 – Hilary Minster, English actor (d. 1999)
  • March 23 – Ric Ocasek, American singer-songwriter and record producer (The Cars) (d. 2019)
  • March 24 – R. Lee Ermey, American actor and Marine drill instructor (d. 2018)
  • March 26 – Diana Ross, African-American actress and singer
  • March 27 – Ann Sidney, Miss World
  • March 28
    • Rick Barry, American basketball player
    • Ken Howard, American actor (d. 2016)
  • March 29
    • Nana Akufo-Addo, President of Ghana
    • Denny McLain, American baseball player

April
Craig T. Nelson
Makoto Kobayashi
Gerhard Schröder
Thein Sein
Princess Benedikte of Denmark
Jill Clayburgh
  • April 3
    • Grover Furr, American historical negationist and professor of English literature
    • Tony Orlando, American pop singer-songwriter, producer and actor
  • April 4
    • Faisal bin Musaid, assassin and nephew of King Faisal of Saudi Arabia (d. 1975)
    • Magda Aelvoet, Belgian politician
    • Craig T. Nelson, American actor
  • April 5 – Peter T. King, American politician
  • April 6
    • Judith McConnell, American actress
    • Anita Pallenberg, Italian-born model and actress (d. 2017)
    • Dame Felicity Palmer, English soprano
    • Charles Sobhraj, French-Indian serial killer
  • April 7
  • April 8
    • Burny Bos, Dutch producer, scenarist and children's book writer.
    • Odd Nerdrum, Norwegian painter
    • Jimmy Walker, American professional basketball player (d. 2007)
  • April 10 – Abubakar Habu Hashidu, Nigerian politician (d. 2018)
  • April 11 – John Milius, American film director, producer and screenwriter
  • April 13 – Jack Casady, American rock musician (Jefferson Airplane, Hot Tuna)
  • April 14 – Nguyễn Phú Trọng, Vietnamese politician, General Secretary of the Communist Party and President
  • April 15 – Kunishige Kamamoto, Japanese footballer, manager and politician
  • April 18
    • Isao Shibata, Japanese baseball player
    • Charlie Tuna, American disc jockey and game show announcer (d. 2016)
  • April 19
  • April 20 – Thein Sein, Burmese politician, 8th President of Myanmar
  • April 22 – Steve Fossett, American millionaire aviator, sailor and adventurer (d. 2007)
  • April 24 – Tony Visconti, American record producer, musician and singer
  • April 25 – Len Goodman, British ballroom dancer and television personality
  • April 26
    • Amien Rais, Indonesian politician
    • Larry H. Miller, American sports owner (Utah Jazz; d. 2009)
  • April 27
    • Michael Fish, British TV weatherman
    • Cuba Gooding Sr., American actor and singer (d. 2017)
  • April 28 – Jean-Claude Van Cauwenberghe, Belgian politician
  • April 29
    • Princess Benedikte of Denmark
    • Richard Kline, American actor and television director
  • April 30
    • Rudi Assauer, German footballer and manager (d. 2019)
    • Jill Clayburgh, American actress (d. 2010)
    • Michael Angelis, English actor (d. 2020)

May
Russi Taylor
Roger Rees
John Rhys-Davies
George Lucas
Danny Trejo
Peter Mayhew
Joe Cocker
Mary Robinson
Rudy Giuliani
Gladys Knight
  • May 1
    • Costa Cordalis, German singer (d. 2019)
    • Suresh Kalmadi, Indian politician
    • Marva Whitney, American singer (d. 2012)
  • May 2 – Gloria Lizárraga de Capriles, Venezuelan politician (d. 2021)[59]
  • May 4
    • Walker Boone, Canadian actor (d. 2021)
    • Russi Taylor, American actress (d. 2019)
  • May 5
  • May 8 – Gary Glitter (Paul Gadd), English glam rock singer and paedophile
  • May 9
    • Richie Furay, American rock singer-songwriter (Poco, Buffalo Springfield)
    • Lars Norén, Swedish playwright, novelist and poet (d. 2021)
    • Laurence Owen, American figure skater (d. 1961)
  • May 10
    • Jim Abrahams, American film director
    • Jackie Lomax, English rock singer-songwriter, guitarist (d. 2013)
  • May 12 – Sara Kestelman, English actress
  • May 13
    • Armistead Maupin, American fiction writer
    • Carolyn Franklin, American soul singer-songwriter (d. 1988)
  • May 14
    • Connie Lawn, American journalist (d. 2018)
    • George Lucas, American film director and producer
  • May 15
    • Ulrich Beck, German sociologist (d. 2015)
    • Gunilla Hutton, Swedish-born American actress and singer
  • May 16 – Danny Trejo, Hispanic-American actor
  • May 17
    • Luís de Matos Monteiro da Fonseca, Cape Verdean diplomat and civil servant
    • Jesse Winchester, American-Canadian country singer-songwriter (d. 2014)
  • May 19 – Peter Mayhew, English-American actor (d. 2019)
  • May 20
    • Joe Cocker, English rock singer (d. 2014)
    • Boudewijn de Groot, Batavian-born Dutch folk singer-songwriter
    • Dietrich Mateschitz, Austrian businessman (d. 2022)
  • May 21 – Mary Robinson, President of Ireland[62]
  • May 22 – Roberto A. Abad, Filipino lawyer
  • May 23
    • John Newcombe, Australian tennis player
    • Avraham Oz, Israeli theater professor, translator and political activist
  • May 24
    • Patti LaBelle, American singer, actress and entrepreneur
    • David Mark Berger, Israeli weightlifter (d. 1972)
  • May 25 – Frank Oz, English puppeteer and film director
  • May 26 – Jan Schakowsky, U.S. Representative, Illinois's 9th congressional district
  • May 27 – Chris Dodd, American politician
  • May 28
    • Rudy Giuliani, American politician, Mayor of New York City
    • Gladys Knight, American singer
    • Sondra Locke, American actress and director (d. 2018)
    • Rita MacNeil, Canadian folk singer (d. 2013)
    • Gary Stewart, American country rock singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2003)
    • Patricia Quinn (Lady Stephens), Northern Irish actress
  • May 29 – Helmut Berger, Austrian actor
  • May 30 – Meredith MacRae, American actress (d. 2000)
  • May 31 – Ayad Allawi, 38th Prime Minister of Iraq

June
Michelle Phillips
Tommie Smith
Ban Ki-moon
Salvador Sánchez Cerén
Sir Ray Davies
Jeff Beck
Patrick Sercu
Gary Busey
  • June 1 – Robert Powell, English actor
  • June 2
    • Garo Yepremian, American football player (d. 2015)
    • Marvin Hamlisch, American composer, conductor (d. 2012)
  • June 3 – Edith McGuire, American sprinter
  • June 4 – Michelle Phillips, American singer and actress
  • June 5
    • Colm Wilkinson, Irish actor and singer
    • Whitfield Diffie, American cryptographer
  • June 6
  • June 7 – Annette Lu, Taiwanese politician, 8th Vice President of the Republic of China
  • June 8
    • Mark Belanger, American baseball player (d. 1998)
    • Don Grady, American actor and singer (d. 2012)
    • Marc Ouellet, Canadian cardinal
    • Boz Scaggs, American singer and guitarist
  • June 10 – Ze'ev Friedman, Israeli weightlifter (d. 1972)
  • June 13 – Ban Ki-moon, South Korean politician and 8th Secretary-General of the United Nations
  • June 15 – Malaysia Vasudevan, Tamil playback singer and actor (d. 2011)
  • June 16 – Henri Richelet, French painter (d. 2020)
  • June 17 – Bill Rafferty, American comedian and impressionist (d. 2012)
  • June 18
    • Salvador Sánchez Cerén, 45th President of El Salvador
    • Rick Griffin, American graphic artist (d. 1991)
    • Sandy Posey, American pop singer
    • Bonar Sianturi, Indonesian army officer (d. 2022)
  • June 19 – Chico Buarque, Brazilian singer-songwriter
  • June 21
    • Carmen Cardinali, Chilean professor, governor of Rapa Nui
    • Franco Cordova, Italian international football player
    • Corinna Tsopei, Greek actress, model and beauty queen, winner of Miss Universe 1964
    • Sir Ray Davies, English rock singer-songwriter, co-founder of The Kinks
    • Kenny O'Dell, American country singer-songwriter (d. 2018)
    • Tony Scott, English film director (d. 2012)
    • Luigi Sgarbozza, Italian road racing cyclist
    • Chris Wood, English rock musician (Traffic) (d. 1983)
  • June 22
    • Ercole Gualazzini, Italian professional road bicycle racer
    • Gérard Mourou, French electrical engineer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics
  • June 23
    • Silvestre Bello III, Filipino businessman and lawyer
    • Gan Ee Kiang, Malaysian pharmacologist
  • June 24
    • Jeff Beck, English rock musician
    • Dennis Butler, English footballer and football manager
    • John "Charlie" Whitney, English guitarist
  • June 25 – Ricardo Salgado, Portuguese economist and banker
  • June 27
    • Paul Koslo, German-Canadian actor (d. 2019)
    • Zezé Motta, Brazilian actress and singer
    • Patrick Sercu, Belgian cyclist (d. 2019)
  • June 28 – Luis Nicolao, Argentine butterfly swimmer
  • June 29
    • Gary Busey, American actor
    • Seán Patrick O'Malley, American cardinal
  • June 30
    • Daniel Kablan Duncan, Ivorian politician
    • Terry Funk, American professional wrestler
    • Raymond Moody, American parapsychologist
    • Alan C. Fox, American author, philanthropist and entrepreneur
    • Glenn Shorrock, English-born Australian rock singer-songwriter

July
Mercedes Bresso
Jeffrey Tambor
David Hemery
John Atta Mills
Geraldine Chaplin
Robert C. Merton
  • July 1
    • Mercedes Bresso, Italian politician
    • Mike Horan, Australian politician
    • Nurul Haque Miah, Bangladeshi professor of chemistry and textbook writer (d. 2021)[63]
    • Diron Talbert, American football player
    • Syd Jackson, Australian rules footballer
  • July 2
    • Billy Campbell, Northern Irish footballer
    • Vicente de la Mata, Argentine football midfielder
    • Paul Schudel, American football player and coach
  • July 3 – Michel Polnareff, French singer
  • July 4
    • Joe Berardo, Portuguese businessman, investor and art collector
    • Joe Critchlow, Canadian football player
    • Albert Kapengut, Soviet chess master
  • July 5
    • Mick Andrews, English international motorcycle trials rider
    • Hendrik Born, German vice admiral
    • Enrique Irazoqui, Spanish movie actor
  • July 6
    • Tim Brown, Australian darts player
    • Gunhild Hoffmeister, East German middle-distance runner
    • Max Timisela, Indonesian footballer
  • July 7
    • Feri Cansel, Turkish-Cypriot actress (d. 1983)
    • Nicholas, Crown Prince of Montenegro
    • Mark Burgess, New Zealand cricketer
    • Jürgen Grabowski, German footballer
    • Tony Jacklin, English golfer
    • Feleti Sevele, Prime Minister of Tonga
    • Michael Walker, Baron Walker of Aldringham, British Army officer
  • July 8
    • Johanny "Jaimoe" Johanson, American drummer
    • Jeffrey Tambor, American actor
    • William H. Pitsenbarger, United States Air Force Medal of Honour recipient (d. 1966)
  • July 10 – Carlos Ruckauf, Argentine politician
  • July 11
    • Keith Doncon, Australian rules footballer
    • Neil Vant, Canadian Anglican clergyman, prospector, businessman and political figure
    • Valdeir Vieira, Brazilian football manager
  • July 12
    • Terry Cooper, English football player and manager
  • July 13 – Ernő Rubik, Hungarian inventor
  • July 16
    • Clarence Parfitt, Bermudian and Scottish cricketer
    • Jose L. Cuisia Jr., Philippine diplomat and banker
  • July 17
    • Mark Burgess, New Zealand cricket captain
    • Catherine Schell, Hungarian actress
    • Charles Lapointe, Canadian businessman, politician and public servant
    • Tom Kalinske, American businessman
    • Carlos Alberto Torres, Brazilian footballer (d. 2016)
  • July 18 – David Hemery, British Olympic athlete
  • July 20
    • Mel Daniels, American basketball player and coach (d. 2015)
    • W. Cary Edwards, American politician (d. 2010)
  • July 21
  • July 26
    • Celeste Yarnall, American actress (d. 2018)
    • Kiel Martin, American actor (d. 1990)
  • July 28 – Jozo Križanović, Bosnian politician (d. 2009)
  • July 31
    • Geraldine Chaplin, English-American actress
    • Robert C. Merton, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate

August
Richard Belzer
Robert Mueller
Sam Elliott
Ian McDiarmid
Rajiv Gandhi
  • August 1
    • Andrew G. Vajna, Hungarian-American film producer (d. 2019)
    • Yury Romanenko, Soviet cosmonaut
  • August 2
    • Jim Capaldi, British drummer, singer and songwriter (d. 2005)
    • Naná Vasconcelos, Brazilian percussionist and vocalist (d. 2016)
  • August 3 – Jonas Falk, Swedish actor (d. 2010)
  • August 4
    • Richard Belzer, American actor and comedian
    • William Frankfather, American actor (d. 1998)
    • Orhan Gencebay, Turkish musician, composer, singer and actor
  • August 7
    • John Glover, American actor
    • Robert Mueller, American lawyer, FBI director
  • August 8
    • Michael Johnson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2017)
    • Hasyim Muzadi, Indonesian Islamic scholar (d. 2017)
  • August 9 – Sam Elliott, American actor
  • August 11
  • August 12 – Larry Troutman, American funk musician (d. 1999)
  • August 13 – Kevin Tighe, American actor
  • August 15 – Sylvie Vartan, French singer
  • August 18
    • Robert Hitchcock, Australian sculptor
    • Volker Lechtenbrink, German television actor and singer
    • Helena Rojo, Mexican actress and model
  • August 19
    • Mordechai Spiegler, Israeli footballer and manager[64]
    • Charles Wang, Chinese-born American businessman, philanthropist and sports team owner (d. 2018)
    • Bodil Malmsten, Swedish novelist and poet (d. 2016)
  • August 20 – Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (d. 1991)
  • August 21
    • Kari S. Tikka, Finnish Professor of Finance (d. 2006)
    • Peter Weir, Australian film director
  • August 22 – Ayşen Gruda, Turkish actress and comedian (d. 2019)
  • August 23
    • Saira Banu, Indian actress
    • Roberto D'Aubuisson, Salvadorean Army officer and right-wing political leader (d. 1992)
  • August 24 – Rocky Johnson, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 2020)
  • August 25 – Christine Chubbuck, American television reporter (d. 1974)
  • August 25
    • Pat Martino, American jazz guitarist (d. 2021)
    • Abdullah Tarmugi Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore
  • August 26 – Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester
  • August 27 – G. W. Bailey, American actor
  • August 30 – Tug McGraw, American baseball player (d. 2004)
  • August 31
    • Jos LeDuc, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 1999)
    • Earnie Shavers, African-American professional wrestler

September
Barry White
Peter Cetera
Yoweri Museveni
Michael Douglas

October
Rocío Dúrcal
Arnhim Eustace
Sir Donald Tsang
Dale Dye
Peter Tosh
Elizabeth Loftus
Kati Kovács
  • October 2 – Vernor Vinge, American science fiction writer
  • October 4
    • Rocío Dúrcal, Spanish singer and actress (d. 2006)
    • Tony La Russa, American baseball player and manager
  • October 5 – Arnhim Eustace, Vincentian politician and 3rd Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  • October 6
    • Dhammananda Bhikkhuni, born Chatsumarn Kabilsingh, pioneering female Thai Buddhist monk, previously academic
    • Mylon LeFevre, American singer and evangelist
  • October 7
  • October 8 – Dale Dye, American actor, technical advisor, radio personality and writer
  • October 9
  • October 14 – Udo Kier, German actor
  • October 15
    • Mac Collins, American politician (d. 2018)
    • Şerif Gören, Turkish film director
    • Haim Saban, Israeli-American media proprietor
    • David Trimble, Northern Irish Unionist political leader; recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize 1998 (d. 2022)
  • October 16 – Elizabeth Loftus, American cognitive psychologist and memory specialist
  • October 20 – Clive Hornby, English actor (d. 2008)
  • October 21 – Jean-Pierre Sauvage, French scientist; recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016
  • October 25
    • Jon Anderson, English rock singer-songwriter and musician
    • Ron Coote, Australian rugby league player
    • Kati Kovács, Hungarian jazz, pop and rock musician
    • Azizan Abdul Razak, Malaysian politician (d. 2013)
  • October 27 – Nikolai Karachentsov, Russian actor (d. 2018)
  • October 28
    • Dennis Franz, American actor
    • Marián Labuda, Slovak actor (d. 2018)
    • Ian Marter, English actor and writer (d. 1986)
  • October 30 – Ahmed Chalabi, Iraqi businessman and politician (d. 2015)
  • October 31 – Hal Wick, American politician (d. 2018)

November
Askar Akayev
Danny DeVito
Lorne Michaels
Ben Stein
  • November 1
    • Kinky Friedman, American singer-songwriter, novelist, humorist, politician and columnist
    • Rafic Hariri, 2-Time Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 2005)
    • Bobby Heenan, American professional wrestling manager and commentator (d. 2017)
    • Oscar Temaru, President of French Polynesia
  • November 2
    • Michael Buffer, American ring announcer and actor
    • Keith Emerson, English keyboardist (d. 2016)
  • November 4 – Linda Gary, American actress (d. 1995)
  • November 7 – Luigi Riva, Italian footballer
  • November 10
    • Askar Akayev, 1st President of Kyrgyzstan
    • Silvestre Reyes, American politician
    • Tim Rice, English lyricist, writer and broadcaster
  • November 11 – Kemal Sunal, Turkish comedian
  • November 12
    • Booker T. Jones, American R&B singer-songwriter, musician and producer
    • Al Michaels, American sportscaster
  • November 17
    • Jim Boeheim, American basketball player and coach
    • Gene Clark, American singer-songwriter (d. 1991)
    • Danny DeVito, American actor, film producer and director
    • Gary Goldman, American animator, film producer and director
    • Rem Koolhaas, Dutch architect
    • Lorne Michaels, Canadian television and film producer
    • Tom Seaver, American baseball pitcher (d. 2020)
    • Sammy Younge Jr., American civil rights activist (d. 1966)
  • November 18
    • Wolfgang Joop, German artist, fashion designer and art collector
    • Ed Krupp, American astronomer, director of the Griffith Observatory
  • November 20 Louie Dampier, American basketball player
  • November 21
    • Dick Durbin, American politician
    • Earl Monroe, American basketball player
    • Harold Ramis, American actor, director and comedy writer (d. 2014)
  • November 23 – Peter Lindbergh, German fashion photographer and film director (d. 2019)
  • November 24
    • Candy Darling, American actress (d. 1974)
    • Ibrahim Gambari, Nigerian scholar and diplomat
  • November 25
    • Ben Stein, American law professor, actor and author
    • Michael Kijana Wamalwa, Kenyan politician, 8th Vice President of Kenya
  • November 30 – George Graham, Scottish football player and manager

December
John Densmore
Dennis Wilson
Andris Bērziņš
Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto
Brenda Lee
Bernard Hill
Tim Reid
  • December 1 – John Densmore, drummer, member of The Doors.
  • December 2
    • Cathy Lee Crosby, American actress (That's Incredible!)
    • Ibrahim Rugova, 1st President of Kosovo (d. 2006)
  • December 3 – Ralph McTell, English folk singer-songwriter
  • December 4 – Dennis Wilson, American pop singer-songwriter and drummer (d. 1983)
  • December 5 – Jeroen Krabbé, Dutch actor and film director
  • December 6
    • Kit Culkin, American stage actor
    • Ron Kenoly, American Christian leader
    • Sutiyoso, Indonesian politician and general, governor of Jakarta
    • Jonathan King, English music producer
  • December 7
    • Daniel Chorzempa, American organist
    • Georges Coste, French rugby player and coach
  • December 8 – Sharmila Tagore, Indian actress and model
  • December 9
    • Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto, 80th Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (d. 2020)
    • Tadashi Irie, Japanese yakuza boss
    • Ki Longfellow, American novelist
    • Neil Innes, English writer, comedian and musician (d. 2019)
  • December 10 – Andris Bērziņš, 8th President of Latvia
  • December 11
    • Brenda Lee, American singer
    • Lynda Day George, American actress
    • Teri Garr, American actress
  • December 12
    • Diana Bracho, Mexican actress
    • Kenneth Cranham, Scottish born actor
    • Cara Duff-MacCormick, Canadian stage actress
  • December 17 – Bernard Hill, British actor
  • December 19
    • Mitchell Feigenbaum, American mathematical physicist (d. 2019)
    • María Martha Serra Lima, Argentine singer (d. 2017)
    • Tim Reid, African-American actor and film director
    • Terry Underwood, Australian author
  • December 20 – Ray Martin, Australian journalist and television presenter
  • December 21
    • Bill Atkinson, English footballer
    • Michael Tilson Thomas, American conductor
    • Zheng Xiaoyu, Chinese bureaucrat (d. 2007)
  • December 22 – Steve Carlton, American baseball player
  • December 23
    • Wesley Clark, U.S. general and NATO Supreme Allied Commander
    • Ingar Knudtsen, Norwegian novelist and poet
  • December 24 – Erhard Keller, German speed skater
  • December 25 – Jairzinho, Brazilian football player
  • December 26
    • Bill Ayers, American education theorist, previously radical anti-war activist
    • Jane Lapotaire, British actress
    • Aleksey Mikhalyov, Russian translator
  • December 28
    • Kary Mullis, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2019)
    • Edgar Vivar, Mexican actor (Señor Barriga and Ñoño in El Chavo del Ocho)
  • December 29 – King Birendra of Nepal (d. 2001)
  • December 30 – Joseph Hilbe, American statistician and author
  • December 31
    • Neil Ross, British-American voice actor and announcer
    • Jan Widströmer, Swedish painter and poet

Deaths
Deaths
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January
Kaj Munk
Andrey Toshev
Yuhi V Musinga
Edvard Munch
Blessed Teresa Grillo Michel

February
Piet Mondrian
Margaret Woodrow Wilson
Pehr Evind Svinhufvud

March
Paul-Émile Janson
Otto von Below
  • March 3 – Paul-Émile Janson, Belgian politician, 30th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1872)
  • March 4 – Louis Buchalter, Jewish-born American mobster, head of Murder, Inc. (executed) (b. 1897)
  • March 5
    • Max Jacob, French poet (b. 1876)
    • Neel E. Kearby, American fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1911)
  • March 8 - Xu Zonghan, Chinese medical doctor, politician and revolutionary (b. 1877)
  • March 9 – Demetrios Capetanakis, Greek poet, essayist and critic (b. 1912)
  • March 11
    • Hendrik Willem van Loon, Dutch-born American historian, journalist and writer (b. 1882)
    • Irvin S. Cobb, American writer (b. 1876)
  • March 15
    • Otto von Below, German general (b. 1857)
    • Mariya Oktyabrskaya, Soviet national hero (b. 1905)
  • March 17 – Mario Bravo, Argentinian politician and writer (b. 1882)
  • March 19
    • Giuseppe de Liguoro, Italian actor and director (b. 1869)
    • Noël Édouard, vicomte de Curières de Castelnau, French general (b. 1851)
  • March 22 – Pierre Brossolette, journalist and French Resistance fighter (b. 1903)
  • March 23 – Myron Selznick, American film producer (b. 1898)
  • March 24
  • March 25 – Omelyan Kovch, Soviet Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1884)
  • March 28 – Stephen Leacock, British-born Canadian humorist, author and economist (b. 1869)[66]
  • March 31
    • Antoni Kiewnarski, Polish WWII hero (b. 1899)
    • Mineichi Koga, Japanese admiral (b. 1885)
    • Włodzimierz Kolanowski, Polish army officer (b. 1913)

April
Bernardino Machado
  • April 1 – Sharifzyan Kazanbaev, Soviet army officer (b. 1916)
  • April 2 – John Batchelor, British missionary and reverend (b. 1855)
  • April 9 – Yevgeniya Rudneva, Soviet WWII heroine (b. 1920)
  • April 13 – Bartolomeo Gosio, Italian scientist (b. 1863)
  • April 15 – Giovanni Gentile, Italian philosopher and Fascist politician (assassinated) (b. 1875)
  • April 17 – J. T. Hearne, English cricketer (b. 1867)
  • April 21 – Hans-Valentin Hube, German army general (b. 1890)
  • April 24 – Charles Jordan, American magician (b. 1888)
  • April 25 – George Herriman, American cartoonist (b. 1880)
  • April 28
    • Mohammed Alim Khan, Emir of Bukhara (b. 1880)
    • Frank Knox, American Secretary of the Navy during WWII (b. 1874)
  • April 29
    • Billy Bitzer, American cinematographer (b. 1874)
    • Bernardino Machado, Portuguese political figure, 2-time Prime Minister of Portugal and 2-time President of Portugal, leader of the World War I (b. 1851)
  • April 30 – Paul Poiret, French couturier (b. 1879)

May
Leon Kozłowski
Edel Quinn
Patriarch Sergius of Moscow
Thomas Curtis
  • May 5 – Bertha Benz, German automotive pioneer, wife and business partner of automobile inventor Karl Benz (b. 1849)
  • May 7 – William Ledyard Rodgers, American admiral and military and naval historian (b. 1860)
  • May 11 – Leon Kozłowski, Polish archaeologist and politician, 25th Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1892)
  • May 12
    • Max Brand, American author (b. 1892)
    • Harold Lowe, British sailor, 5th officer of the RMS Titanic (b. 1882)
    • Arthur Quiller-Couch, British writer and academic (b. 1863)
    • Edel Quinn, Irish Roman Catholic laywoman, missionary and venerable (b. 1907)
  • May 15 – Patriarch Sergius I (b. 1867)
  • May 16
    • George Ade, American author (b. 1866)
    • Filip Mișea, Aromanian activist, physician and politician (b. 1873)[67]
  • May 17 – Milena Jesenská, Czechoslovakian journalist, writer, editor and translator (b. 1896)
  • May 20
    • Fraser Barron, New Zealand bomber pilot during WWII (b. 1921)
    • Eugenio Colorni, Italian philosopher and activist (b. 1909)
    • Vincent Rose, American musician and band leader (b. 1880)
  • May 21
  • May 23 – Thomas Curtis, American Olympic athlete (b. 1873)
  • May 24
    • Inigo Campioni, Italian admiral (executed) (b. 1878)
    • Matsuji Ijuin, Japanese admiral (b. 1893)
    • Luigi Mascherpa, Italian admiral (b. 1893)
    • Harold Bell Wright, American writer (b. 1872)
  • May 25 – Clark Daniel Stearns, 9th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1870)
  • May 30
    • Patriarch Mesrob I Naroyan of Constantinople (b. 1875)
    • Jessie Ralph, American actress (b. 1864)

June
Dénes Berinkey
  • June 5 – Józef Beck, Polish statesman (b. 1894)
  • June 6
    • Joseph Campbell, Northern Irish poet and lyricist (b. 1879)
    • Wilhelm Falley, German general (killed in action) (b. 1897)
    • Don Pratt, American general (killed in action) (b. 1892)
    • Ker-Xavier Roussel, French painter (b. 1867)
  • June 12 – Erich Marcks, German general (b. 1891)
  • June 14 – George Stinney, American executed minor (b. 1929)
  • June 16
  • June 18 – Harry Fielding Reid, American geophysicist and seismologist (b. 1859)
  • June 25
    • Dénes Berinkey, 21st Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1871)
    • Lucha Reyes, Mexican singer (b. 1906)
    • María Chinchilla Recinos, Guatemalan teacher (b. 1909)
  • June 27 – Milan Hodža, Slovak politician, champion of regional integration in Europe (b. 1878)
  • June 28 – Anton Breinl, Australian medical practitioner and researcher (b. 1880)

July
Carl Mayer
Theodore Roosevelt Jr.
Tarsykiya Matskiv
Claus von Stauffenberg
Reza Shah
  • July 1 – Carl Mayer, Austrian screenwriter (b. 1894)
  • July 6
    • Andrée Borrel, French World War II heroine (b. 1919)
    • Vera Leigh, British World War II heroine (b. 1903)
    • Chūichi Nagumo, Japanese admiral (b. 1887)
    • Sonya Olschanezky, German World War II heroine (b. 1923)
    • Diana Rowden, British World War II heroine (b. 1915)
  • July 7
    • Georges Mandel, French politician and WWII hero (b. 1885)
    • Leonie von Meusebach–Zesch, American dentist (b. 1882)[68]
  • July 8
    • George B. Seitz, American director (b. 1888)
    • Takeo Takagi, Japanese admiral (killed in action) (b. 1892)
  • July 9
    • Ingvar Fredrik Håkansson, Swedish pilot (b. 1920)
    • Kent Rogers, American voice actor (b. 1923)
  • July 12
  • July 14 – Asmahan, Syrian-born Egyptian singer (b.1912)
  • July 15 – Joseph Sadi-Lecointe, French aviator (b. 1891)
  • July 16 – Moncena Dunn, American inventor (b. 1867)
  • July 17 – Tarsykiya Matskiv, Soviet Eastern Catholic religious sister and blessed (b. 1919)
  • July 18
    • Augusto De Angelis, Italian writer and journalist (b. 1888)
    • George Holt, American actor and director (b. 1878)
    • Rex Whistler, British artist (b. 1905)
  • July 20
    • Ludwig Beck, German general and Chief of the German General Staff (b. 1880)
    • Heinz Brandt, German officer (b. 1907)
    • Mildred Harris, American actress (b. 1901) [69]
    • Günther Korten, German colonel-general, chief of staff of the Luftwaffe (b. 1898)
    • Claus von Stauffenberg, German resistance leader (b. 1907)
  • July 21
    • Werner von Haeften, German resistance member (executed) (b. 1908)
    • Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim, German resistance leader (b. 1905)
    • Hans-Ulrich von Oertzen, German resistance member (suicide) (b. 1915)
    • Friedrich Olbricht, German resistance leader (b. 1888)
    • Henning von Tresckow, German general and resistance leader (suicide) (b. 1901)
  • July 23 – Eduard Wagner, German general and resistance member (suicide) (b. 1894)
  • July 25
    • Lesley J. McNair, American general (b. 1883)
    • Jakob von Uexküll, Baltic German biologist (b. 1864)
  • July 26
    • Clóvis Beviláqua, Brazilian jurist, historian and journalist (b. 1859)
    • Wessel Freytag von Loringhoven, German resistance member (suicide) (b. 1899)
    • Takakazu Kinashi, Japanese army officer (b. 1902)
    • Reza Shah, 20th Prime Minister of Iran and Shah of Iran (b. 1877)
  • July 27 – Perry McGillivray, American Olympic swimmer (b. 1893)
  • July 28 – Werner Schrader, German resistance member (suicide) (b. 1895)
  • July 30
    • Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov, Soviet aeronautical engineer and aircraft designer (b. 1892)
    • Lee Powell, American actor (b. 1908)
  • July 31 – Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, French pilot and children's writer (b. 1900)

August
Jędrzej Moraczewski
Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg
Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
Blessed Teresa Bracco
  • August 1
  • August 2 – Kakuji Kakuta, Japanese admiral (b. 1890)
  • August 4 – Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński, Polish poet (b. 1921)
  • August 5 – Jędrzej Moraczewski, Polish politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1870)
  • August 7 – Jadwiga Falkowska, Polish teacher and activist (b. 1889)
  • August 8
    • Robert Bernardis, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1908)
    • Albrecht von Hagen, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1904)
    • Paul von Hase, German general and resistance leader (executed) (b. 1885)
    • Erich Hoepner, German colonel-general and resistance leader (executed) (b. 1886)
    • Juliusz Kaden-Bandrowski, Polish journalist and novelist (b. 1885)
    • Hellmuth Stieff, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1901)
    • Michael Wittmann, German tank commander (killed in action) (b. 1914)
    • Erwin von Witzleben, German Field Marshal and resistance leader (executed) (b. 1881)
    • Peter Yorck von Wartenburg, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1904)
  • August 9 – Felix Nussbaum, German painter (b. 1904)
  • August 10
    • Alfred Kranzfelder, German resistance fighter (b. 1908)
    • Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg, German resistance fighter (b. 1902)
    • Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, Nazi opponent and lawyer (b. 1905)
    • Hans Albrecht, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1917)
  • August 11
    • Francesco Federico Falco, Italian doctor (b. 1866)
    • Hideyoshi Obata, Japanese general (b. 1890)
  • August 12
    • Jose Garvida Flores, Filipino writer, poet and playwright (b. 1900)
    • Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., American fighter pilot, oldest son of Joseph P. Kennedy (b. 1915)
    • Suzanne Spaak, Belgian World War II heroine (b. 1905)
  • August 15
    • Egbert Hayessen, German resistance fighter (b. 1913)
    • Hans Bernd von Haeften, German resistance fighter (b. 1905)
    • Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorff, German police chief and resistance fighter (b. 1896)
  • August 17
    • Franciszek Brodniewicz, Polish actor (b. 1892)
    • Eugénio de Castro, Portuguese poet and writer (b. 1869)
  • August 18
  • August 19
  • August 21
    • Friedrich Gustav Jaeger, German resistance fighter (b. 1895)
    • Maciej Kalenkiewicz, Polish engineer and military officer (b. 1906)
    • Marian Lalewicz, Polish architect (b. 1876)
  • August 23
    • Aleksander Augustynowicz, Polish painter (b. 1865)
    • Abdülmecid II, last Caliph of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1868)
    • Otto Kiep, German resistance fighter (b. 1886)
    • Nikolai Roslavets, Soviet composer (b. 1880)
  • August 24 – Carlo Emanuele Buscaglia, Italian aviator (b. 1915)
  • August 25 – Teresio Vittorio Martinoli, Italian pilot (b. 1917)
  • August 26
    • Hans Georg Klamroth, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1898)
    • Hans Leesment, Estonian general (b. 1873)
    • Ludwig Freiherr von Leonrod, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1906)
    • Adam von Trott zu Solz, German diplomat and resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1909)
  • August 27
    • Carlo Fecia di Cossato, Italian navy officer (b. 1908)
    • Princess Mafalda of Savoy (b. 1902)
  • August 28
    • Teresa Bracco, Italian Roman Catholic religious sister and blessed (killed in battle) (b. 1924)
    • Rudolf Breitscheid, German politician (b. 1874)
    • Bronislaw Kaminski, Polish army officer (b. 1899)
  • August 30
    • Moissaye Boguslawski, American pianist and composer (b. 1887)
    • Eberhard Finckh, German resistance fighter (b. 1899)
    • Hans Otfried von Linstow, German resistance fighter (b. 1899)
    • Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel, German general and resistance leader (b. 1886)

September
Robert Benoist
Joseph Müller
Gustav Bauer
Hendrikus Colijn
David Dougal Williams
  • September 1 – Krystyna Dąbrowska, Polish sculptor and painter (b. 1906)
  • September 2 – Maria Vetulani de Nisau, Polish soldier (b. 1898)
  • September 3 - Friedrich Alpers, German Nazi politician and general (b. 1901)
  • September 4
    • Erich Fellgiebel, German general and resistance fighter (b. 1886)
    • Heinrich Graf von Lehndorff-Steinort, German resistance fighter (b. 1909)
    • Fritz Thiele, German general and resistance fighter (b. 1894)
  • September 5 – Gustave Biéler, Swiss WWII hero (b. 1904)
  • September 6 – Jan Franciszek Czartoryski, Polish Dominican friar, martyr and blessed (b. 1897)
  • September 7 – Eduardo Sánchez de Fuentes, Cuban composer (b. 1897)
  • September 8
    • Georg Hansen, German resistance fighter (b. 1904)
    • Ulrich von Hassell, German diplomat and resistance fighter (b. 1881)
    • Paul Lejeune-Jung, German resistance fighter (b. 1882)
    • Ulrich Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld, German resistance fighter (b. 1902)
    • Günther Smend, German resistance fighter (b. 1912)
    • Josef Wirmer, German resistance fighter (b. 1901)
  • September 9 – Robert Benoist, French race car driver and war hero (b. 1895)
  • September 11 – Joseph Müller, German Roman Catholic priest and Servant of God (executed) (b. 1894)
  • September 12 – Robert Fiske, American actor (b. 1889)
  • September 13
    • Grigore Bălan, Romanian general (died of wounds) (b. 1896)
    • Yolande Beekman, French WWII heroine (executed) (b. 1911)
    • Madeleine Damerment, French WWII heroine (executed) (b. 1917)
    • Noor Inayat Khan, Indian WWII heroine (executed) (b. 1914)
    • Eliane Plewman, British WWII heroine (executed) (b. 1917)
    • W. Heath Robinson, British cartoonist and illustrator (b. 1872)
  • September 14
    • Heinrich Graf zu Dohna-Schlobitten, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1882)
    • John Kenneth Macalister, Canadian WWII hero (b. 1914)
    • Michael Graf von Matuschka, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1888)
    • Frank Pickersgill, Canadian WWII hero (b. 1915)
    • Roméo Sabourin, Canadian WWII hero (b. 1923)
    • Nikolaus von Üxküll-Gyllenband, German resistance fighter (executed) (b. 1877)
    • Hermann Josef Wehrle, German Catholic priest and resistance member (executed) (b. 1899)
  • September 16 – Gustav Bauer, 11th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1870)
  • September 18
    • Hendrikus Colijn, Dutch policeman, politician and businessman, 25th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1869)
    • Anton Saefkow, German communist (executed) (b. 1903)
  • September 22 – Fritz Lindemann, German army officer (died of wounds) (b. 1894)
  • September 23 – Matylda Palfyova, Czechoslovakian artistic gymnast (b. 1912)
  • September 25
    • Walter Breisky, Austrian civil servant, acting Chancellor of Austria (b. 1871)
    • Eugeniusz Lokajski, Polish athlete, gymnast and photographer (b. 1909)
    • Leo Chiozza Money, Italian-British economist and politician (b. 1870)
  • September 27
    • Aimee Semple McPherson, Canadian-American Pentecostal evangelist (b. 1890)[70]
    • Aristide Maillol, French sculptor and painter (b. 1861)
    • David Dougal Williams, British painter (b. 1888)
  • September 28 – Josef Bürckel, German Nazi gauleiter (b. 1895)
  • September 29
    • Otto Herfurth, German general and resistance fighter (b. 1893)
    • Wilhelm Leuschner German politician and resistance fighter (b. 1890)
    • Joachim Meichssner, German resistance fighter (b. 1906)
    • Joachim Sadrozinski, German resistance fighter (b. 1907)

October
Stefanina Moro
Ramón Castillo
Erwin Rommel
José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma

November
Andrey Sheptytsky
Blessed Carl Lampert
Joseph Caillaux
Florence Foster Jenkins

December
Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark
Wassily Kandinsky
Lupe Vélez
Blessed Sára Salkaházi
Vicente Lim

Nobel Prizes

References
  1. Ford, Ken (2004). Cassino 1944: Breaking the Gustav Line. Oxford: Osprey. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-84176-623-2.
  2. "ГЛАВА XXXVIII. ВОССТАНИЕ ПУШТУНСКИХ ПЛЕМЕН 1944 -1945 ГГ. В". scibook.net. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  3. "Convoy Mo-Ta-06 (モタ61船団)" (PDF). All Japan Seamen's Union. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  4. "Greatest Maritime Disasters". International Registry of Sunken Ships. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
  5. "More Maritime Disasters of World War II". George Duncan. Archived from the original on April 4, 2011. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
  6. "List of sunken ships in Pacific War (太平洋戦争時の喪失船舶明細表)" (PDF). Sunken Ships Record Association (戦没船を記録する会). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 2, 2013. Retrieved October 20, 2012.
  7. Kynaston, David (2007). Austerity Britain 1945–1951. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0-7475-7985-4.
  8. Amis, John (February 1944). "New Choral Work by Michael Tippett: A Child of Our Time". The Musical Times. 85 (1212): 41–42. doi:10.2307/921782. JSTOR 921782. (subscription required)
  9. Kemp, Ian (1987). Tippett: The Composer and His Music. Oxford UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 52–53. ISBN 0-19-282017-6.
  10. Sedig, Kjell (2002). Swedish Innovations. Stockholm: The Swedish Institute. p. 45. ISBN 91-520-0910-6.
  11. "Convoy Take Ichi" (PDF). All Japan Seamen's Union. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
  12. Small, Ken; Rogerson, Mark (1988). The Forgotten Dead – Why 946 American Servicemen Died off the Coast of Devon in 1944 – and the Man who Discovered their True Story. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0-7475-0309-5.
  13. Fenton, Ben (April 26, 2004). "The disaster that could have scuppered Overlord". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 11, 2008. Retrieved July 25, 2021.
  14. Savill, Richard (April 26, 2004). "Last of torpedo survivors remembers brave buddies". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 11, 2008. Retrieved July 25, 2021.
  15. Wasley, Gerald (1994). Devon at War, 1939–1945. Tiverton: Devon Books. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-86114-885-1.
  16. "Year by Year 1944" – History Channel International
  17. Kaiser, Don (2011). "K-Ships Across the Atlantic" (PDF). Naval Aviation News. 93 (2). Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  18. Asperger, H. (1991) [1944]. "'Autistic psychopathy' in childhood". In Frith, Uta (ed.). Autism and Asperger Syndrome. Cambridge University Press. pp. 37–92. ISBN 978-0-521-38448-3.
  19. Asperger, Hans (June 3, 1944). "Die "Autistischen Psychopathen" im Kindesalter". Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten. 117 (1): 76–136. doi:10.1007/BF01837709. S2CID 33674869.
  20. Foot, M. R. D. (1999). SOE: An Outline History of the Special Operations Executive 1940–46. London: Pimlico. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-7126-6585-8.
  21. Stourton, Edward (2017). Auntie's War: the BBC during the Second World War. London: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-857-52332-7.
  22. Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 978-0-14-102715-9.
  23. Neufeld, Michael J. (1995). The Rocket and the Reich: Peenemünde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era. New York: The Free Press. pp. 158, 160–162, 190. ISBN 9780029228951.
  24. "Nikkin Maru - Casualties (日錦丸の被害)" (PDF). All Japan Seamen's Union. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  25. 56 F. Supp. 716 (N.D. Cal 1944).
  26. "Discovery of Concentration Camps and the Holocaust". World War II Database.
  27. "Liberation of the Nazi Concentration Camps 1933-1945". Archived from the original on October 16, 2009. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  28. "Vernichtungslager". Time. New York. August 21, 1944. Archived from the original on December 14, 2008. Retrieved December 14, 2008.
  29. Nicholas, Lynn H. (2009). Cruel World: The Children of Europe in the Nazi Web. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0307739711.
  30. Radinger, Will; Schick, Walter (1996). Me 262 (in German). Berlin: Avantic Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-3-925505-21-8.
  31. Kennedy, Liam (2013). Ulster Since 1600: Politics, Economy, and Society. Oxford University Press. p. 221. ISBN 9780199583119.
  32. Prose, Francine (August 1, 2014). "Anne Frank's final entry". CNN. Retrieved August 1, 2014. On Friday, August 4, 1944... a car pulled up in front of a spice warehouse at 263 Prinsengracht in Amsterdam. Inside the car were an Austrian Gestapo officer and his Dutch subordinates, who, acting on a tip-off (whose source has never been identified), had come to arrest the eight Jews who had been hiding for two years in an attic above the warehouse. The eight prisoners were taken to a deportation camp, from where they were sent to Auschwitz. Only one of them, Otto Frank, would survive.
  33. "Suomen presidentit -sarja: Mannerheim oli väärän ajan päämies". Artikkelit (in Finnish). Apu–lehti. December 6, 2017. Retrieved August 3, 2021.
  34. Cressman, Robert J. (2000). The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in WWII. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 248. ISBN 978-1-55750-149-3.
  35. "Convoy Hi-71 (ヒ71船団)" (PDF). All Japan Seamen's Union. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
  36. Van der Zee, Henri A. (1982). The Hunger Winter: Occupied Holland 1944–5. London: Norman & Hobhouse. ISBN 978-0-906908-71-6.
  37. Penkkala-Arikka, Päivi (2006) Erään Mauno Olavin tarina. Olavi Laiho, viimeinen teloitettu suomalainen ["A Story of one Mauno Olavi. Olavi Laiho, the last executed Finn."]. (Master's thesis) University of Helsinki
  38. van der Kuil, Peter (March 2003). "List of Casualties". The Sinking of the Junyo Maru. Archived from the original on March 12, 2012.
  39. Larsen, Henry A. (1967). The Big Ship: an autobiography. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.
  40. "Across the Northwest Passage: The Larsen Expeditions". University of Calgary. Archived from the original on May 6, 2016. Retrieved December 17, 2012.
  41. "Antwerp, "City of Sudden Death"". V2Rocket.com. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
  42. Fuller, John F. C. (1956). The Decisive Battles of the Western World. Vol. III. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.
  43. Morison, Samuel E. (1956). "Leyte, June 1944–January 1945". History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Vol. XII. Boston: Little & Brown.
  44. The Sun (New York City), 26 October.
  45. Gile, Chester A. (February 1963). "The Mount Hood Explosion". Proceedings.
  46. "Convoy Hi-81 (ヒ81船団)" (PDF). All Japan Seamen's Union. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
  47. As does Kenneth Branagh reprising the role over forty years later in his successful remake.
  48. Reed, John (1977). "Largest Wartime Explosions: 21 Maintenance Unit, RAF Fauld, Staffs. November 27, 1944". After the Battle. 18: 35–40. ISSN 0306-154X.
  49. Cressman, Robert J. (2000). The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in WWII. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-1-55750-149-3.
  50. Walker, Brett L. (February 26, 2015). A Concise History of Japan. Cambridge University Press. p. 292. ISBN 978-1-107-00418-4.
  51. "The Sinking of SS Leopoldville". uboat.net. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  52. Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 392–394. ISBN 978-0-7126-5616-0.
  53. "Battle of Britain". ww2db.com. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
  54. Guggisberg, Charles Albert Walter (1961). Simba: the life of the lion. Cape Town: Howard Timmins.
  55. "BC Zalgiris Kaunas basketball team". Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  56. Rosenberg, Eli (March 17, 2016). "Frank Sinatra Jr., singer who followed in his father's footsteps, dies at 72". The New York Times. Retrieved October 17, 2021.
  57. "Angela Davis". Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers. March 25, 2020. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
  58. John Chilton (May 1, 2004). Who's Who of British Jazz: 2nd Edition. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-8264-2389-4.
  59. "Falleció Gloria Lizárraga de Capriles: primera alcaldesa de Baruta". El Carabobeño. March 31, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
  60. Contemporary; Contemporary Books (1993). Chase's Annual Events: The Day-By-Day Directory to 1994. Contemporary books. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-8092-3732-6.
  61. Brad Linaweaver (1998). Sliders: The Episode Guide : the Classic Episodes. TV Books. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-57500-053-4.
  62. "Mary Robinson". Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers. February 27, 2020. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
  63. "রসায়ন বইয়ের বিখ্যাত লেখক প্রফেসর নূরুল হক মিয়া আর নেই". Jugantor (in Bengali). Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  64. Bob Wechsler (2008). Day by Day in Jewish Sports History
  65. "Biografía de Angelica Maria" [Biography of Angelica Maria]. Buena Musica (in Spanish).
  66. "Stephen Leacock | Canadian author | Britannica". www.britannica.com.
  67. Tudor, Anghel C. (April 10, 2019). "Celebrități medicale buzoiene / Doctor Mișea Filip, creatorul secției de contagioase a Spitalului Gârlași". Opinia Buzău (in Romanian).
  68. ELLIOTT, CLAUDIA. "Dr. Leonie von Meusebach–Zesch: Adventurous female dentist made friends throughout Kern County". The Bakersfield Californian.
  69. "Mildred Harris Dies In West". St. Petersburg Times. Associated Press. July 21, 1944. Retrieved November 29, 2021. ... actress in the silent film days, and first wife of Comedian Charles Spencer Chaplin, died yesterday of pneumonia which followed a major abdominal operation....
  70. Bahr, Robert (1979). Least of All Saints: the Story of Aimee Semple McPherson. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-527978-6. OCLC 4493103.
  71. Pearsall, W. H. (December 21, 1944). "Prof. J. H. Priestley". Nature. 154 (3918): 694–694. doi:10.1038/154694a0 – via www.nature.com.
  72. "Frank, Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Otto".
  73. Foundation, Poetry (June 14, 2022). "Sadakichi Hartmann". Poetry Foundation.
  74. "AMY BEACH (1867-1944)". AMY BEACH (1867-1944).
  75. "6 Women Scientists Who Were Snubbed Due to Sexism". National Geographic News. May 19, 2013. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.