1872

1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1872nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 872nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 72nd year of the 19th century, and the 3rd year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1872, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1872 in topic
Humanities
Archaeology – Architecture – Art
Film - Literature – Music - (jazz)
By country
Australia – Belgium – Brazil – Bulgaria – Canada – Denmark – France – Germany – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Philippines – Portugal – Russia – South Africa – Spain – Sweden – United Kingdom – United States – Venezuela
Other topics
Rail transport – Science – Sports
Lists of leaders
Sovereign states – State leaders – Territorial governors – Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
1872 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1872
MDCCCLXXII
Ab urbe condita2625
Armenian calendar1321
ԹՎ ՌՅԻԱ
Assyrian calendar6622
Baháʼí calendar28–29
Balinese saka calendar1793–1794
Bengali calendar1279
Berber calendar2822
British Regnal year35 Vict. 1 – 36 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2416
Burmese calendar1234
Byzantine calendar7380–7381
Chinese calendar辛未年 (Metal Goat)
4568 or 4508
    — to —
壬申年 (Water Monkey)
4569 or 4509
Coptic calendar1588–1589
Discordian calendar3038
Ethiopian calendar1864–1865
Hebrew calendar5632–5633
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1928–1929
 - Shaka Samvat1793–1794
 - Kali Yuga4972–4973
Holocene calendar11872
Igbo calendar872–873
Iranian calendar1250–1251
Islamic calendar1288–1289
Japanese calendarMeiji 5
(明治５年)
Javanese calendar1800–1801
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4205
Minguo calendar40 before ROC
民前40年
Nanakshahi calendar404
Thai solar calendar2414–2415
Tibetan calendar阴金羊年
(female Iron-Goat)
1998 or 1617 or 845
    — to —
阳水猴年
(male Water-Monkey)
1999 or 1618 or 846
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1872.

Events

January–March
  • January 12 – Yohannes IV is crowned Emperor of Ethiopia in Axum, the first ruler crowned in that city in over 500 years.
  • February 2 – The government of the United Kingdom buys a number of forts on the Gold Coast, from the Netherlands.[1]
  • February 4 – A great solar flare, and associated geomagnetic storm, makes northern lights visible as far south as Cuba.[2]
  • February 13 – Rex, the most famous parade on Mardi Gras, parades for the first time in New Orleans for Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia.
  • February 17 – Filipino priests José Burgos, Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora, collectively known as Gomburza, are executed in Bagumbayan Fields, Manila, Philippines by the authorities of New Spain, on charges of subversion arising from the 1872 Cavite mutiny.
  • February 20 – The Metropolitan Museum of Art opens in New York City.
  • March 1 – In the United States, Yellowstone National Park (once dubbed "Colter's Hell" after John Colter, of the Lewis and Clark Expedition) is established as the world's first national park.
  • March 5
    • George Westinghouse receives a United States patent for the "failsafe" automatic railway air brake.
    • The Tichborne case is decided in London against claimant Arthur Orton (who, as a result, is convicted of perjury in 1874).
  • March 9 – Alfred B. Miller and Elmer Crockett found the South Bend Tribune newspaper in the United States.
  • March 11 – Work begins on the Seven Sisters Colliery in South Wales, located on one of the richest coal sources in Britain.
  • March 16 – 1872 FA Cup Final: In the first ever final of the FA Cup, the world's oldest football competition, Wanderers F.C. defeat Royal Engineers A.F.C. 1–0 at The Oval in Kennington, London.[3]
  • March 26 – The 7.4–7.9 Mw  Lone Pine earthquake shakes eastern California, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme); 27 people are killed and 56 injured.

April–June
  • April 21 – The Third Carlist War begins in northern Spain. Don Carlos, Duke of Madrid (the Carlist pretender Carlos VII) appoints General Rada commander-in-chief in Spain, and calls for a general rising.
  • May
    • The magazine Popular Science is first published in the United States.
    • Rangers F.C., founded in March as an Association football club in Glasgow (Scotland) by brothers Moses and Peter McNeil, Peter Campbell and William McBeath, play their first ever game on the public pitches of Glasgow Green, a goalless draw against Callander.
    • Nippon Express, as predecessor name was Nippon Domestic Express, a global freight and logistics service on worldwide, founded in Japan.
  • May 4 – Third Carlist War in Spain – Battle of Oroquieta in Navarre: 1,000 government troops easily defeat the much larger number of Carlists at Oroquieta. 50 Carlists are killed, and Carlists were taken 700 prisoners, but Don Carlos escapes.
  • May 10 – Victoria Woodhull becomes the first woman nominated for President of the United States, although she is a year too young to qualify and does not appear on the ballot.
  • May 14 – The Battle of Mañaria, near Bilbao, Spain during the Third Carlist War (1872–1876)
  • May 15 – The New Zealand Wars end after 17 years, with the conclusion of Te Kooti's War; Maori spiritual leader Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Turuk crosses the Waikato River, and enters the territory of the Māori King Tāwhiao, where he is granted asylum.
  • May 22
  • June 14 – Trade unions are legalised in Canada.[4]

July–September
Daguerreotype of Benito Juárez as president of Mexico.

October–December
  • October 1
    • The Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College begins its first academic session (the university is later renamed Virginia Tech).
    • The first case is reported in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, of the Great Epizootic of 1872 (equine influenza, or the "horse flu") which will substantially disrupt life in North America by mid-December.
  • October 16 – University College Wales (later to become Aberystwyth University) begins its first academic session.[9]
  • November 5
  • November 7 – The Mary Celeste sets sail from New York; bound for Genoa, Italy.
  • November 9 – Great Boston Fire of 1872: In Boston, Massachusetts, a large fire begins to burn on Lincoln Street (the 2-day disaster destroys about 65 acres (0.26 km2) of the city, 776 buildings, much of the financial district and causes US$60 million in damage).
  • November 11 – U.S. government geologist Clarence King reveals the diamond hoax in Wyoming.
  • November 12 – The 1872 Baltic Sea flood ravaged the Baltic Sea coast from Denmark to Pomerania, also affecting Sweden, during the night between 12 and 13 November 1872
  • November 13 (07:35) (probable date) – Claude Monet begins painting Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant, the painting that will give a name to Impressionism) as viewed from his hotel room at Le Havre in France.[10]
  • November 16 – The first ever Metropolitan Police strike
  • November 22 – "Spitzeder Swindle": Adele Spitzeder's pioneering Ponzi scheme in Munich collapses.
  • November 27 – A meteor shower display of Andromedids is seen over France.
  • November 29
  • November 30 – The first international Association football match to be recognised (retrospectively) by FIFA as "official" takes place at Hamilton Crescent, Scotland; the result is Scotland 0-0 England.[11] Earlier international football matches had already taken place in 1870, in 1871 and again in 1872 at the Oval, London.
  • December 1
  • December 3 – George Smith presents the first translation of the Epic of Gilgamesh, to a meeting of the Society of Biblical Archaeology in London.
  • December 4 – The now-crewless American ship Mary Celeste is found (still seaworthy) by the British brig Dei Gratia in the Atlantic.
  • December 6 – Springwell Pit disaster at Dawley, England: Eight coal miners fall to their death, when a winding chain snaps.
  • December 14
  • December 21 – Challenger expedition: HMS Challenger (1858) sails from Portsmouth, England on the 4-year scientific expedition that lays the foundation for the science of oceanography.

Date unknown
  • In the aftermath of the Paraguayan War, the new government of Paraguay makes peace with Brazil, grants reparations and territorial concessions.
  • The Kolozsvári Egyetem, predecessor of the University of Szeged, is founded.
  • Under Japan's Meiji Restoration:
    • A conscription law, modeled on the French version, is issued.
    • Universal public schools are called for.
  • The first Marist Brothers travel to Australia.
  • S. T. Dupont begins manufacture of luxury leather goods in France.
  • Kimberly, Clark and Co. is founded in Neenah, Wisconsin by John A. Kimberly, Charles B. Clark, Havilah Babcock and Franklyn C. Shattuck.
  • Schenker, as predecessor of DB Schenker, a logistics and freight transport worldwide, founded in Vienna, Austria.

Births

January–June
Bertrand Russell
Ladislas Lazaro
Paul Laurence Dunbar

July–December
Louisa Martindale
Calvin Coolidge
Roald Amundsen
Maude Adams
Aubrey Beardsley

Deaths

January–June
Hugo von Mohl
Samuel Morse

July–December
Ludwig Feuerbach
Lady Beaconsfield
Aleksis Kivi

References
  1. Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 294–295. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  2. "Cuba. Miscellaneous Gossip" (PDF). The New York Times. February 11, 1872.
  3. Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  4. "Origins of Labour Day". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  5. Archontology.org: A Guide for Study of Historical Offices, South African Republic (Transvaal): Heads of State: 1857-1877 (Accessed on 14 April 2017)
  6. Japanese Colleges and Universities. Maruzen Company. 1989. p. 173. ISBN 978-4-621-03357-9.
  7. Montoya, Leydy (October 29, 2018). "Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada". Historia-Biografia.com (in Spanish). Retrieved June 8, 2019.
  8. Durán, Victor Manuel (July–August 2008). "Cultural Connections in Belize". Americas. 60 (4): 50. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  9. "Aberystwyth University - Early Days". www.aber.ac.uk. Archived from the original on July 20, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
  10. Olson, Donald W. (2014). "Dating Impression, Sunrise". Monet's Impression, Sunrise: the biography of a painting. Paris: Éditions Hazan; Musée Marmottan Monet. pp. 80–105. ISBN 978-0-300-21088-0.
  11. "18721130 Sat 30 Nov 1872 Scotland 0 England 0". www.londonhearts.com.
  12. tinashe (November 25, 2011). "The first Cape cabinet is formed, with John Molteno as premier".
  13. Holland, D.F. (1971). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 1: 1859–1910 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. ISBN 978-0-7153-5382-0.
  14. Report for year ending 31 December 1909, Cape Government Railways, Section VIII - Dates of Opening and the Length of the different Sections in the Cape Colony, from the Year 1873 to 31st December, 1909.
  15. "Roald Amundsen | Biography, Facts, Expeditions, South Pole, Northwest Passage, & Death". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved November 5, 2021.
  16. Crawford, Alan (September 23, 2004). "Beardsley, Aubrey Vincent (1872–1898), illustrator". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1821. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  17. Hughes, Quentin; Thake, Conrad (2005). Malta, War & Peace: An Architectural Chronicle 1800–2000. Midsea Books Ltd. p. 250. ISBN 9789993270553.
  18. "President Benito Juárez". PBS.org. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
  19. Aleksis Kivi at the Encyclopædia Britannica

Sources
  • "American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1872". American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year. New York: D. Appleton and Co. 12: 14 v. 1873. hdl:2027/umn.31951d00546906q. + via Google Books
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