1790

1790 (MDCCXC) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1790th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 790th year of the 2nd millennium, the 90th year of the 18th century, and the 1st year of the 1790s decade. As of the start of 1790, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1790 by topic
Arts and science
  • Archaeology
  • Architecture
  • Art
  • Literature
  • Poetry
  • Music
  • Science
Countries
  • Australia
  • Canada
  • Denmark
  • France
  • Great Britain
  • Ireland
  • Norway
  • Russia
  • Scotland
  • Sweden
  • United States
Lists of leaders
  • State leaders
  • Colonial governors
  • Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
  • Births
  • Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments
Works category
  • Works
1790 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1790
MDCCXC
Ab urbe condita2543
Armenian calendar1239
ԹՎ ՌՄԼԹ
Assyrian calendar6540
Balinese saka calendar1711–1712
Bengali calendar1197
Berber calendar2740
British Regnal year30 Geo. 3 – 31 Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar2334
Burmese calendar1152
Byzantine calendar7298–7299
Chinese calendar己酉年 (Earth Rooster)
4486 or 4426
    — to —
庚戌年 (Metal Dog)
4487 or 4427
Coptic calendar1506–1507
Discordian calendar2956
Ethiopian calendar1782–1783
Hebrew calendar5550–5551
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1846–1847
 - Shaka Samvat1711–1712
 - Kali Yuga4890–4891
Holocene calendar11790
Igbo calendar790–791
Iranian calendar1168–1169
Islamic calendar1204–1205
Japanese calendarKansei 2
(寛政２年)
Javanese calendar1716–1717
Julian calendarGregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar4123
Minguo calendar122 before ROC
民前122年
Nanakshahi calendar322
Thai solar calendar2332–2333
Tibetan calendar阴土鸡年
(female Earth-Rooster)
1916 or 1535 or 763
    — to —
阳金狗年
(male Iron-Dog)
1917 or 1536 or 764
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1790.
May 12: Battle of Reval

Events

January–March

April–June
  • April 10 – The United States patent system is established.
  • May 13 – Battle of Reval: Gustav III of Sweden sends the battlefleet to eliminate the Russian squadron wintering at Reval (Estonia), but is defeated; 8 Russians, 51 Swedes are killed, 250 captured, and 2 ships are sunk.
  • May 17–18 – Battle of Andros: An Ottoman–Algerian fleet destroys the fleet of the Greek privateer Lambros Katsonis.
  • May 26 – Congress passes an act to govern the creation of states from the "Southwest Territory", from which Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi will be formed.[2]
  • May 29 – Rhode Island ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the last of the 13 original states to do so.[2]
  • June 9 – Royal assent is given to establishment of the port of Milford Haven in Wales.
  • June 20 – Compromise of 1790: Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton come to an agreement: Madison agrees to not be "strenuous" in opposition for the assumption of state debts by the federal government; Hamilton agrees to support the capital site being above the Potomac.
  • June 23 – The alleged London Monster is arrested in London; he later receives 40 years for 10 assaults.

July–September
  • July – Louis XVI of France accepts a constitutional monarchy.
  • July 9 – Russo-Swedish War – Second Battle of Svensksund: In a massive Baltic Sea battle of 300 ships, the Swedish Navy captures one third of the Russian galley fleet: 304 Swedes are killed, 3,500 Russians killed and 6,000 captured, 51 Russian galleys and other rowing craft are sunk and 22 are taken.
  • July 10 — The U.S. House of Representatives votes, 32-29 to approve creating the District of Columbia from portions of Maryland and Virginia for the eventual seat of government and national capital.[2]
  • July 12 – French Revolution: The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is passed. This completes the destruction of the monastic orders, legislating out of existence all regular and secular chapters for either sex, abbacies and priorships.
  • July 14 – French Revolution: Citizens of Paris celebrate the unity of the French people and the national reconciliation, in the Fête de la Fédération.
  • July 16 – U.S. President George Washington signs the Residence Act into law, establishing a site along the Potomac River as the District of Columbia and the future site of the capital of the United States. The move comes after the bill is narrowly approved on July 1 by the Senate, 14 to 12, and on July 9 by the House, 32 to 29.[5] At the same time, plans are made to move the national capital from New York to Philadelphia until the Potomac River site can be completed.
  • July 26 – Alexander Hamilton's Assumption Bill, giving effect to his First Report on the Public Credit, is passed in the United States Congress, allowing the federal government to assume the consolidated debts of the U.S. states.
  • July 27 – The Convention of Reichenbach is signed between Prussia and Austria.
  • July 31 – Inventor Samuel Hopkins becomes the first to be issued a U.S. patent (for an improved method of making potash).
  • August 4 – A newly passed U.S. tariff act creates the system of cutters for revenue enforcement (later named the United States Revenue Cutter Service), the forerunner of the Coast Guard.
  • August 14 – The Treaty of Värälä ends the Russo-Swedish War.
  • September 25 – The Peking Opera is born, when the Four Great Anhui Troupes introduce Anhui opera to Beijing, in honor of the Qianlong Emperor's 80th birthday.
  • September 30 – Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor starts to rule.

October–December
  • October to December - Vincent Ogé leads a free black's rebellion in Saint-Domingue. The rebellion is suppressed and Ogé executed.
  • October 7 – Commissioners appointed by the New York legislature announce the successful conclusion of negotiations between New York and Vermont, concerning disputed real-estate claims, and the consent of New York's legislature to the admission to the Union of the state of Vermont as the 14th State (which was formed within what New York claimed as its territory, under an Order in Council, that King George III issued on July 20, 1764).
  • October 10 – At least 3,000 people die in Algeria when an earthquake and tsunami strikes the city of Oran. The city is destroyed and Spanish forces eventually flee in 1792.[6]
  • October 20 – The Harmar Campaign ends in a defeat of U.S. Army General Josiah Harmar and Colonel John Hardin by the Western Confederacy of Indians, led by Chief Mihšihkinaahkwa of the Miami tribe and Weyapiersenwah of the Shawnee at Kekionga (now Fort Wayne, Indiana).[2]
  • November 24 – France's Constituent Assembly passes a law requiring all Roman Catholic priests to swear an oath of acceptance of the new French Constitution.[7]
  • November 27 – U.S. President George Washington and his wife, Martha Washington, arrive in the new temporary U.S. capital, Philadelphia, and take up residence at the President's House located at 524 Market Street.[8]
  • December 2 – Holy Roman Empire forces recapture Brussels, bringing an end to the short-lived United States of Belgium and restoring the Austrian Netherlands.[9][10]
  • December 6 – The United States Congress opens its first session in the new temporary U.S. capital in Philadelphia.[11]
  • December 10 – The Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars begin in New South Wales, Australia, as a result of deterioration in relations and increasing colonization.
  • December 11 – Russo-Turkish War (1787–92): During Alexander Suvorov's storm of Izmail, 26,000 Turkish soldiers lose their lives.

Births
Leopold I of Belgium
Jean-François Champollion

Deaths
Benjamin Franklin
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
Adam Smith
  • January 5 – Jacob Christian Schäffer, German inventor, botanist and professor (b. 1718)
  • January 13 – Luc Urbain de Bouëxic, comte de Guichen, French admiral (b. 1712)
  • January 15 – John Landen, English mathematician (b. 1719)
  • January 20 – John Howard (prison reformer), English philanthropist (b. 1726)
  • January 25 – Meriwether Smith, American Continental Congressman for Virginia (b. 1730)
  • January 31 – Thomas Lewis, Irish-born Virginia settler (b. 1718)
  • February 5 – William Cullen, Scottish physician, chemist (b. 1710)
  • February 15– Juan Albano Pereira Márquez, godfather and tutor of Bernardo O'Higgins (b. 1728)
  • February 18 – Elisabeth of Württemberg, Archduchess of Austria (b. 1767)
  • February 20
  • March 4 – Henry Wisner, American Continental Congressman for New York (b. 1720)
  • March 12
    • András Hadik, Austro-Hungarian general (b. 1710)
    • William Grayson, American Continental Congressman and United States Senator for Virginia (b. 1740)
  • April 6 – Ludwig IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (b. 1719)
  • April 17 – Benjamin Franklin, American scientist, statesman (b. 1706)
  • April 29 – Charles-Nicolas Cochin, French artist (b. 1715)
  • May 4 – Matthew Tilghman, American Continental Congressman for Maryland (b. 1718)
  • May 9 – William Clingan, American Continental Congressman for Pennsylvania (b. c.1721)
  • May 16 – Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of Hardwicke, English politician (b. 1720)
  • May 20 – Nathan Miller, American Continental Congressman for Rhode Island (b. 1743)
  • May 21 – Thomas Warton, English poet (b. 1728)
  • May 23 – George Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu (b. 1712)
  • May 26 – Nathaniel Folsom, American Continental Congressman for New Hampshire and Revolutionary War major general (b. 1726)
  • May 29 – Israel Putnam, American Revolutionary War general (b. 1718)
  • June 1 – Theodorick Bland, American Continental Congressman and U.S. Representative for Virginia (b. 1741)
  • June 25 – Lovisa Augusti, Swedish opera singer (b. 1756)
  • July 3 – Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle, French chemist (b. 1736)
  • July 6 – George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield, British army officer (b. 1717)
  • July 7 – François Hemsterhuis, Dutch philosopher (b. 1721)
  • July 14 – Ernst Gideon von Laudon, Austrian field marshal (b. 1717)
  • July 17 – Adam Smith, Scottish economist, philosopher (b. 1723)
  • July 25
    • Johann Bernhard Basedow, German educational reformer (b. 1723)
    • William Livingston, Governor of New Jersey (1776-1790) (b. 1723)
  • August 16 – David Brearley, American Revolutionary War colonel, signer of the U.S. Constitution for New Jersey, and federal judge (b. 1745)
  • September 2 – Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim, German historian, theologian (b. 1701)
  • September 28 – Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy, Hungarian prince (b. 1714)
  • October 7 – Antoine Choquet de Lindu, French architect (b. 1712)
  • October 14 – William Hooper, American signer of the Declaration of Independence and Continental Congressman for North Carolina (b. 1742)
  • October 19 – Lyman Hall, American signer of the Declaration of Independence and Governor of Georgia (1783-1784)(b. 1724)
  • October 31 – Michael Schlatter, American clergyman (b. 1716)
  • November 2 – Lambert Krahe, German artist (b. 1712)
  • November 6 – James Bowdoin, American Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1726) * November 13 – Alexander Arya Alwi II, Kingdom November 22th King And Priest (b. 1765)
  • November 16 – Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, American Continental Congressman and Signer of the U.S. Constitution for Maryland (b. 1723)
  • November 24 – Sir Hew Dalrymple, 2nd Baronet, Scottish politician and MP for Haddington Burghs on two occasions (b. 1712)
  • November 27 – Robert Livingston, American member of the New York colonial assembly (1737-1758) (b. 1708)
  • December 14 – John Hulse, English clergyman (b. 1708)
  • December 16 – Benjamin Andrew, American Continental Congressman for Georgia and member of the Georgia House of Representatives (b. 1713)
  • December 29 – Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess of Massa, Italian ruler (b. 1725)
  • date unknown - Helen Gloag, Scottish slave, Empress of Morocco (b. 1750)

References
  1. "Historical Events for Year 1790 | OnThisDay.com". Historyorb.com. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
  2. Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909, ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p169
  3. Ralph S. Kuykendall, The Hawaiian Kingdom
  4. "A Brief Overview of the Supreme Court" (PDF). United States Supreme Court. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
  5. "This week in history: Washington signs the Residence Act", by Cody K. Carlson, The Deseret News (Salt Lake City UT), July 15, 2015
  6. "Significant Earthquake Information". ngdc.noaa.gov. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  7. Michel Vovelle, The Fall of the French Monarchy 1787-1792 (Cambridge University Press, 1984) p131
  8. "PHILADELPHIA, December 1", in The Pennsylvania Gazette (Philadelphia), December 1, 1790, p3 ("On Saturday last, at eleven o'clock, A.M., GEORGE WASHINGTON, President of the United States, with his Lady and Family, arrived in this city.")
  9. George W. T. Omond, Belgium (A. & C. Black, 1908) p218
  10. Jeff Wallenfeldt, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands (Britanncia Educational Publishing, 2013) p93
  11. "George Washington— Key Events", MillerCenter.org
  12. Claeys, Gregory (2005). Encyclopedia of nineteenth-century thought. London New York: Routledge. p. 266. ISBN 9780415244190.

Further reading
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