November 12

November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 49 days remain until the end of the year.

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November 12 in recent years
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Events

Pre-1600
  • 954 – The 13-year-old Lothair III is crowned at the Abbey of Saint-Remi as king of the West Frankish Kingdom.[1]
  • 1028 – Future Byzantine empress Zoe takes the throne as empress consort to Romanos III Argyros.[2]
  • 1330 – Battle of Posada ends: Wallachian Voievode Basarab I defeats the Hungarian army by ambush.[3]
  • 1439 – Plymouth becomes the first town incorporated by the English Parliament.

1601–1900
  • 1835 – Construction is completed on the Wilberforce Monument in Kingston Upon Hull.[4]
  • 1892 – Pudge Heffelfinger becomes the first professional American football player on record, participating in his first paid game for the Allegheny Athletic Association.
  • 1893 – Abdur Rahman Khan accepts the Durand Line as the border between the Emirate of Afghanistan and the British Raj.

1901–present

Births

Pre-1600
  • 1450 – Jacques of Savoy, Count of Romont, Prince of Savoy (d. 1486)
  • 1492 – Johan Rantzau, German general (d. 1565)
  • 1494 – Margaret of Anhalt-Köthen, Princess of Anhalt by birth, by marriage Duchess of Saxony (d. 1521)
  • 1528 – Qi Jiguang, Chinese general (d. 1588)
  • 1547 – Claude of Valois (d. 1575)[15]
  • 1579 – Albrecht of Hanau-Münzenberg, German nobleman (d. 1635)

1601–1900
  • 1606 – Jeanne Mance, French-Canadian nurse, founded the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal (d. 1673)
  • 1615 – Richard Baxter, English minister, poet, and theologian (d. 1691)
  • 1627 – Diego Luis de San Vitores, Spanish Jesuit missionary (d. 1672)
  • 1651 – Juana Inés de la Cruz, Mexican nun, poet, and scholar (d. 1695)[16]
  • 1655 – Francis Nicholson, British Army general and colonial administrator (d. 1727)
  • 1684 – Edward Vernon, English admiral and politician (d. 1757)
  • 1729 – Louis Antoine de Bougainville, French admiral and explorer (d. 1811)
  • 1755 – Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Prussian general and politician, Prussian Minister of War (d. 1813)
  • 1780 – Piet Retief, South African ruler (d. 1838)
  • 1793 – Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz, Livonian physician and botanist (d. 1831)
  • 1795 – Thaddeus William Harris, American entomologist and botanist (d. 1856)
  • 1815 – Elizabeth Cady Stanton, American activist (d. 1902)[17]
  • 1817 – Bahá'u'lláh, Persian spiritual leader, founded the Baháʼí Faith (d. 1892)[18]
  • 1833 – Alexander Borodin, Russian composer and chemist (d. 1887)
  • 1840 – Auguste Rodin, French sculptor and illustrator, created The Thinker (d. 1917)
  • 1842 – John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1919)
  • 1848 – Eduard Müller, Swiss lawyer and politician, 51st President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1919)
  • 1850 – Mikhail Chigorin, Russian chess player and theoretician (d. 1908)
  • 1866 – Sun Yat-sen, Chinese physician and politician, 1st President of the Republic of China (d. 1925)[19]
  • 1872 – William Fay, Irish actor and producer (d. 1947)
  • 1881 – Olev Siinmaa, Estonian-Swedish architect (d. 1948)
  • 1881 – Maximilian von Weichs, German field marshal (d. 1954)
  • 1886 – Günther Dyhrenfurth, German geologist and mountaineer (d. 1975)
  • 1886 – Ben Travers, English author and playwright (d. 1980)
  • 1889 – DeWitt Wallace, American publisher and philanthropist, co-founded Reader's Digest (d. 1981)
  • 1890 – Lily Kronberger, Hungarian figure skater (d. 1974)
  • 1892 – Tudor Davies, Welsh tenor and actor (d. 1958)
  • 1894 – Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe, Norwegian zoologist and comparative psychologist (d. 1976)
  • 1895 – Manuel Alonso Areizaga, Spanish tennis player (d. 1984)
  • 1895 – Nima Yooshij, Iranian poet and academic (d. 1960)
  • 1896 – Salim Ali, Indian ornithologist and author (d. 1987)
  • 1897 – Karl Marx, German composer and conductor (d. 1985)
  • 1898 – Leon Štukelj, Slovenian gymnast (d. 1999)
  • 1900 – Stanley Graham, New Zealand mass murderer (d. 1941)

1901–present
  • 1901 – James Luther Adams, American minister and theologian (d. 1994)
  • 1903 – Jack Oakie, American actor (d. 1978)
  • 1904 – Max Hoffman, Austrian-born car importer and businessman (d. 1981)
  • 1905 – Louise Thaden, American pilot (d. 1979)[20]
  • 1906 – George Dillon, American soldier and poet (d. 1968)
  • 1908 – Harry Blackmun, American lawyer and judge (d. 1999)
  • 1910 – Dudley Nourse, South African cricketer (d. 1981)
  • 1911 – Buck Clayton, American trumpet player and academic (d. 1991)
  • 1915 – Roland Barthes, French philosopher, theorist, and critic (d. 1980)
  • 1916 – Paul Emery, English racing driver (d. 1993)
  • 1916 – Jean Papineau-Couture, Canadian composer and academic (d. 2000)
  • 1917 – Jo Stafford, American singer (d. 2008)
  • 1919 – France Štiglic, Slovenian film director and screenwriter (d. 1993)
  • 1920 – Richard Quine, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1989)
  • 1922 – Tadeusz Borowski, Polish poet, author, and journalist (d. 1951)
  • 1922 – Kim Hunter, American actress (d. 2002)
  • 1923 – Ian Graham, English archaeologist and explorer (d. 2017)
  • 1923 – Rubén Bonifaz Nuño, Mexican poet and scholar (d. 2013)
  • 1924 – Sam Jones, American bassist, cellist, and composer (d. 1981)
  • 1926 – Robert Goff, Baron Goff of Chieveley, English lawyer and judge (d. 2016)
  • 1927 – František Šťastný, Czech motorcycle racer and sportscaster (d. 2000)
  • 1927 – Yutaka Taniyama, Japanese mathematician and theorist (d. 1958)
  • 1929 – Michael Ende, German author and fiction writer (d. 1995)
  • 1929 – Grace Kelly, American actress, later Princess Grace of Monaco (d. 1982)[21]
  • 1930 – Bob Crewe, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2014)
  • 1934 – Charles Manson, American cult leader (d. 2017)
  • 1934 – John McGahern, Irish author and educator (d. 2006)
  • 1934 – Vavá, Brazilian footballer and manager (d. 2002)
  • 1938 – Denis DeJordy, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
  • 1938 – Benjamin Mkapa, Tanzanian journalist and politician, 3rd President of Tanzania
  • 1938 – Mort Shuman, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1991)
  • 1939 – Lucia Popp, Slovak soprano (d. 1993)
  • 1940 – Amjad Khan, Indian actor & director (d. 1992)
  • 1940 – Michel Audet, Canadian economist and politician
  • 1940 – Jürgen Todenhöfer, German judge and politician
  • 1943 – Errol Brown, Jamaican-English singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
  • 1943 – Brian Hyland, American pop singer
  • 1943 – Wallace Shawn, American actor, comedian and playwright
  • 1943 – Björn Waldegård, Swedish racing driver (d. 2014)
  • 1943 – John Walker, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2011)
  • 1944 – Booker T. Jones, American pianist, saxophonist, songwriter, and producer
  • 1944 – Al Michaels, American sportscaster
  • 1945 – Michael Bishop, American author and educator
  • 1945 – Neil Young, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
  • 1945 – Judith Roitman, American mathematician and academic
  • 1946 – Alexandra Charles, Swedish businesswoman
  • 1947 – Buck Dharma, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1947 – Patrice Leconte, French director and screenwriter
  • 1948 – Hassan Rouhani, Iranian lawyer and politician; 7th President of Iran
  • 1949 – Ron Lapointe, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1992)
  • 1949 – Jack Reed, American soldier and politician
  • 1950 – Barbara Fairchild, American country and gospel singer-songwriter
  • 1953 – Baaba Maal, Senegalese singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1954 – Paul McNamee, Australian tennis player
  • 1955 – Les McKeown, Scottish pop singer (d. 2021)
  • 1957 – Tim Samaras, American engineer, storm chaser (d. 2013)
  • 1958 – Megan Mullally, American actress and singer
  • 1958 – Mykola Vynnychenko, Ukrainian race walker
  • 1959 – Vincent Irizarry, American actor
  • 1959 – Toshihiko Sahashi, Japanese composer
  • 1960 – Maurane, Belgian singer and actress (d. 2018)
  • 1961 – Nadia Comăneci, Romanian gymnast and coach[22]
  • 1961 – Enzo Francescoli, Uruguayan footballer
  • 1962 – Kuniko Asagi, Japanese actress and television host
  • 1962 – Jon Dough, American porn actor, director, and producer (d. 2006)
  • 1962 – Mariella Frostrup, British journalist and actress
  • 1962 – Mark Hunter, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager
  • 1962 – Neal Shusterman, American author and poet
  • 1962 – Naomi Wolf, American author and activist
  • 1964 – Vic Chesnutt, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2009)
  • 1964 – David Ellefson, American bass player and songwriter
  • 1964 – Wang Kuang-hui, Taiwanese baseball player and coach
  • 1964 – Barbara Stühlmeyer, German musicologist, church musician and writer
  • 1965 – Lex Lang, American voice actor and producer
  • 1967 – Bassim Al-Karbalaei, Iraqi Eulogy Reciter
  • 1967 – Disco Inferno, American wrestler and manager
  • 1967 – Iryna Khalip, Belarusian journalist
  • 1967 – Michael Moorer, American boxer
  • 1967 – Grant Nicholas, Welsh singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1968 – Kathleen Hanna, American singer-songwriter
  • 1968 – Sammy Sosa, Dominican-American baseball player
  • 1968 – Aaron Stainthorpe, English-German singer-songwriter
  • 1969 – Ian Bremmer, American political scientist and author
  • 1969 – Jason Cundy, English footballer and sportscaster
  • 1969 – Rob Schrab, American writer and artist
  • 1970 – Elektra, American wrestler, model, and dancer
  • 1970 – Tonya Harding, American figure skater
  • 1970 – Sarah Harmer, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1970 – Oscar Strasnoy, French-Argentine composer
  • 1971 – Chen Guangcheng, Chinese-American lawyer and activist
  • 1972 – Vassilios Tsiartas, Greek footballer
  • 1973 – Radha Mitchell, Australian actress
  • 1974 – Alessandro Birindelli, Italian footballer
  • 1975 – Kiara Bisaro, Canadian mountain biker[23]
  • 1975 – Jason Lezak, American swimmer
  • 1976 – Tevin Campbell, American R&B singer-songwriter and actor
  • 1976 – Judith Holofernes, German singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1976 – Richelle Mead, American author and educator
  • 1976 – Mirosław Szymkowiak, Polish footballer and journalist
  • 1977 – Benni McCarthy, South African footballer
  • 1977 – Lee Murray, English mixed martial artist
  • 1978 – Alexandra Maria Lara, Romanian-German actress
  • 1978 – Mista, Spanish footballer
  • 1978 – Ashley Williams, American actress
  • 1979 – Matt Cappotelli, American wrestler and trainer (d. 2018)
  • 1979 – Cote de Pablo, Chilean actress
  • 1979 – Lucas Glover, American golfer
  • 1979 – Corey Maggette, American basketball player and sportscaster
  • 1979 – Matt Stevic, Australian footballer and umpire
  • 1980 – Shaun Cooper, American bass player
  • 1980 – Nur Fettahoğlu, German-Turkish journalist and actress
  • 1980 – Ryan Gosling, Canadian actor, producer and singer[24]
  • 1980 – Charlie Hodgson, English rugby player
  • 1981 – Annika Becker, German pole vaulter
  • 1981 – DJ Campbell, English footballer
  • 1981 – Sergio Floccari, Italian footballer
  • 1982 – Anne Hathaway, American actress
  • 1982 – Mikele Leigertwood, English footballer
  • 1983 – Charlie Morton, American baseball player
  • 1984 – Sepp De Roover, Belgian footballer
  • 1984 – Omarion, American singer, songwriter, actor and dancer [25]
  • 1984 – Sandara Park, South Korean singer, dancer, and actress
  • 1984 – Conrad Rautenbach, Zimbabwean racing driver
  • 1985 – Arianny Celeste, American model and actress
  • 1985 – Adlène Guedioura, French-Algerian footballer
  • 1986 – Ignazio Abate, Italian footballer
  • 1986 – Nedum Onuoha, English footballer
  • 1987 – Jason Day, Australian golfer
  • 1987 – Kengo Kora, Japanese actor
  • 1988 – Russell Westbrook, American basketball player
  • 1989 – Hiroshi Kiyotake, Japanese footballer
  • 1990 – Adrianna Franch, American soccer player[26]
  • 1990 – Florent Manaudou, French swimmer
  • 1990 – Harmeet Singh, Norwegian footballer
  • 1990 – Siim-Sander Vene, Estonian basketball player
  • 1991 – Gijs Van Hoecke, Belgian cyclist
  • 1992 – Trey Burke, American basketball player
  • 1992 – Adam Larsson, Swedish ice hockey player[27]
  • 1992 – Luguelín Santos, Dominican sprinter[28]
  • 1994 – Guillaume Cizeron, French ice dancer[29]

Deaths

Pre-1600
  • 607 – Pope Boniface III
  • 657 – Livinus, Irish apostle (b. c.580)
  • 973 – Burchard III, Frankish nobleman (b. c.915)
  • 975 – Notker Physicus, Swiss painter
  • 1035 – Cnut the Great, Danish-English king (b. c.995)
  • 1087 – William I, Count of Burgundy (b. 1020)
  • 1094 – Duncan II of Scotland (b. 1060)
  • 1202 – Canute VI of Denmark (b. 1163)
  • 1209 – Phillipe de Plessis, Grand Master of the Knights Templar (b. 1165)
  • 1218 – Henry de Abergavenny, Prior of Abergavenny and Bishop of Llandaff
  • 1347 – John of Viktring, Austrian chronicler and political advisor (b. c.1270)
  • 1375 – John Henry, Margrave of Moravia (b. 1322)[30]
  • 1434 – Louis III of Anjou (b. 1403)
  • 1555 – Stephen Gardiner, English bishop and politician, English Secretary of State (b. 1497)
  • 1555 – Yang Jisheng (b. 1516), Ming dynasty official and Confucian martyr[31]
  • 1555 – Zhang Jing, Ming Chinese general
  • 1562 – Pietro Martire Vermigli, Italian theologian (b. 1500)
  • 1567 – Anne de Montmorency, French general and diplomat (b. 1493)
  • 1572 – Henry of Stolberg, German nobleman (b. 1509)
  • 1595 – John Hawkins, English admiral and shipbuilder (b. 1532)

1601–1900
  • 1623 – Josaphat Kuncevyc, Lithuanian archbishop (b. c. 1582)
  • 1667 – Hans Nansen, Danish politician (b. 1598)
  • 1671 – Thomas Fairfax, English general and politician (b. 1612)
  • 1742 – Friedrich Hoffmann, German physician and chemist (b. 1660)
  • 1793 – Jean Sylvain Bailly, French astronomer, mathematician, and politician, 1st Mayor of Paris (b. 1736)
  • 1793 – Lord George Gordon, English politician (b. 1751)
  • 1836 – Juan Ramón Balcarce, Argentinian general and politician, 6th Governor of Buenos Aires Province (b. 1773)
  • 1847 – William Christopher Zeise, Danish chemist who prepared Zeise's salt, one of the first organometallic compounds (b. 1789)
  • 1865 – Elizabeth Gaskell, English author (b. 1810)[32]
  • 1896 – Joseph James Cheeseman, Liberian politician, 12th President of Liberia (b. 1843)

1901–present
  • 1902 – William Henry Barlow, English engineer (b. 1812)
  • 1916 – Percival Lowell, American astronomer, mathematician, and author (b. 1855)
  • 1933 – John Cady, American golfer (b. 1866)
  • 1933 – F. Holland Day, American photographer and publisher (b. 1864)
  • 1939 – Norman Bethune, Canadian physician and humanitarian (b. 1890)
  • 1942 – Maurice O'Neill, executed Irish Republican[33]
  • 1946 – Albert Bond Lambert, American golfer and pilot (b. 1875)
  • 1946 – Madan Mohan Malaviya, Indian academic and politician, President of the Indian National Congress (b. 1861)
  • 1948 – Umberto Giordano, Italian composer (b. 1867)
  • 1950 – Lesley Ashburner, American hurdler (b. 1883)
  • 1950 – Julia Marlowe, English-American actress (b. 1865)
  • 1955 – Alfréd Hajós, Hungarian swimmer and architect, designed the Grand Hotel Aranybika (b. 1878)
  • 1955 – Tin Ujević, Croatian poet and translator (b. 1891)
  • 1955 – Sarah Wambaugh, American political scientist, world authority on plebiscites (b. 1882)
  • 1958 – Gustaf Söderström, Swedish shot putter, discus thrower, and tug of war competitor (b. 1865)
  • 1962 – Roque González Garza, Mexican general and acting president (1915) (b. 1885)[34]
  • 1965 – Taher Saifuddin, Indian spiritual leader, 51st Da'i al-Mutlaq (b. 1888)
  • 1969 – Liu Shaoqi, Chinese politician, 2nd Chairman of the People's Republic of China (b. 1898)
  • 1971 – Johanna von Caemmerer, German mathematician (b. 1914)[35]
  • 1972 – Rudolf Friml, Czech-American pianist and composer (b. 1879)[36]
  • 1972 – Tommy Wisdom, English racing driver and journalist (b. 1906)
  • 1976 – Mikhail Gurevich, Russian engineer, co-founded Mikoyan (b. 1893)
  • 1976 – Walter Piston, American composer and academic (b. 1894)
  • 1981 – William Holden, American actor (b. 1918)
  • 1986 – Minoru Yasui, American lawyer and activist (b. 1916)
  • 1990 – Eve Arden, American actress and comedian (b. 1908)
  • 1991 – Gabriele Tinti, Italian actor (b. 1932)
  • 1993 – H. R. Haldeman, American diplomat, 4th White House Chief of Staff (b. 1926)
  • 1994 – Wilma Rudolph, American sprinter and educator (b. 1940)
  • 1997 – Carlos Surinach, Spanish-American composer and conductor (b. 1915)
  • 1998 – Roy Hollis, English footballer (b. 1925)
  • 1998 – Sally Shlaer, American mathematician and engineer (b. 1938)
  • 2000 – Franck Pourcel, French conductor and composer (b. 1913)
  • 2001 – Albert Hague, German-American actor and composer (b. 1920)
  • 2001 – Tony Miles, English chess player and theoretician (b. 1955)
  • 2003 – Jonathan Brandis, American actor (b. 1976)
  • 2003 – Cameron Duncan, New Zealand director and screenwriter (b. 1986)
  • 2003 – Penny Singleton, American actress (b. 1908)
  • 2003 – Tony Thompson, American drummer (b. 1954)
  • 2007 – K. C. Ibrahim, Indian cricketer (b. 1919)
  • 2007 – Ira Levin, American novelist, playwright, and songwriter (b. 1929)
  • 2008 – Catherine Baker Knoll, American educator and politician, 30th Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania (b. 1930)
  • 2008 – Mitch Mitchell, English drummer (b. 1947)
  • 2010 – Henryk Górecki, Polish composer (b. 1933)
  • 2012 – Hans Hammarskiöld, Swedish photographer (b. 1925)
  • 2012 – Sergio Oliva, Cuban-American bodybuilder (b. 1941)
  • 2012 – Daniel Stern, American psychologist and theorist (b. 1934)
  • 2013 – Steve Rexe, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1947)
  • 2013 – Konrad Rudnicki, Polish astronomer and academic (b. 1926)
  • 2013 – Aleksandr Serebrov, Russian engineer and astronaut (b. 1944)
  • 2013 – John Tavener, English composer and educator (b. 1944)
  • 2013 – Kurt Trampedach, Danish painter and sculptor (b. 1943)
  • 2014 – Ravi Chopra, Indian director and producer (b. 1946)
  • 2014 – Warren Clarke, English actor, director, and producer (b. 1947)
  • 2014 – Marge Roukema, American educator and politician (b. 1929)
  • 2014 – Valery Senderov, Russian mathematician and academic (b. 1945)
  • 2015 – Márton Fülöp, Hungarian footballer (b. 1983)
  • 2015 – Jihadi John, terrorist (b. 1988)
  • 2016 – Lupita Tovar, Mexican-American actress (b. 1910)
  • 2016 – Mahmoud Abdel Aziz, Egyptian Actor (b. 1946)
  • 2018 – Stan Lee, American comic book writer, editor, and publisher (b. 1922)[37]

Holidays and observances
  • Birth of Sun Yat-Sen, also Doctors' Day and Cultural Renaissance Day. (Republic of China)
  • Christian feast day:
    • Arsatius
    • Astrik (or Anastasius) of Pannonhalma
    • Cumméne Fota
    • Cunibert
    • Emilian of Cogolla
    • Imerius of Immertal
    • Josaphat Kuntsevych (Roman Catholic Church, Greek Catholic Church)
    • Lebuinus (Liafwine)
    • Livinus of Ghent
    • Machar
    • Margarito Flores García
    • Nilus of Sinai
    • Patiens
    • René d'Angers
    • Theodore the Studite
    • Ymar
    • November 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  • Constitution Day (Azerbaijan)
  • Father's Day (Indonesia)
  • National Health Day (Indonesia)
  • National Youth Day (East Timor)
  • World Pneumonia Day

References
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  2. Woodacre, E. (18 December 2013). Queenship in the Mediterranean: Negotiating the Role of the Queen in the Medieval and Early Modern Eras. Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-137-36283-4.
  3. Mușat, Mircea; Ardeleanu, Ion (1985). From Ancient Dacia to Modern Romania. Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică. p. 112.
  4. "Wilberforce Monument, Non Civil Parish - 1283041". Historic England. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
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  6. Richards, Jeffrey (2001). Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876-1953. Manchester University Press. p. 395. ISBN 978-0-7190-6143-1.
  7. Daviau, Donald G. (1995). Major figures of Austrian literature: the interwar years 1918-1938. Ariadne Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-929497-60-0.
  8. Blum, Mark E. (1985). The Austro-Marxists, 1890-1918: a psychobiographical study. University Press of Kentucky. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-8131-1515-3.
  9. "All Germans rounded up to vote". The Guardian. 13 November 1933. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  10. Public Affairs Information Service Bulletin. Public Affairs Information Service. 1937. p. 124.
  11. "1938: Key Dates". encyclopedia.ushmm.org. Retrieved 2022-01-17.
  12. Warship International. International Naval Research Organization. 1989. p. 348.
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  14. Duperrault Fassbender, Tere; Logan, Richard D., Ph.D. "Orphaned on the Ocean: The Unbelievable Story of Terry Jo Duperrault". Reader's Digest. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  15. Charlotte Franken Haldane (1968). Queen of Hearts: Marguerite of Valois ('La Reine Margot') 1553-1615. Constable. p. 5. ISBN 9780486118949.
  16. Kirk, Pamela (1999). Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz: Religion, Art, and Feminism. New York: Continuum. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-82641-169-3.
  17. Kent, Deborah (2010). Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Woman Knows the Cost of Life. Berkeley Heights, New Jersey: Enslow Publishers. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-7660-3357-3.
  18. Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin (2010). Religions of the World : a Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 354. ISBN 978-1-5988-4203-6.
  19. Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2004). Modern History of China. New Delhi: Atlantic. p. 131. ISBN 978-8-1269-0315-3.
  20. Williams, Nancy A; Whayne, Jeannie M (2000). Arkansas Biography: A Collection of Notable Lives. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press. p. 286. ISBN 978-1-5572-8588-1.
  21. "Grace Kelly | American actress and princess of Monaco". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
  22. Janet Woolum (1998). Outstanding Women Athletes: Who They are and how They Influenced Sports in America. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-57356-120-4.
  23. "Kiara BISARO - Olympic Cycling Mountain Bike | Canada". International Olympic Committee. 20 June 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  24. Chase's Calendar of Events, 2011 Edition. McGraw Hill Professional. 18 October 2010. p. 557. ISBN 978-0-07-174027-2.
  25. Omarion | Who2
  26. "Adrianna Franch | USWNT | U.S. Soccer Official Site". www.ussoccer.com. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  27. "Adam Larsson". ESPN.com. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  28. "Luguelín Santos". Olympedia. OlyMADMen. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  29. "Guillaume CIZERON - Olympic | France". International Olympic Committee. 17 January 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  30. Spock Beta (dead link)
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  37. Kandell, Jonathan; Webster, Andy (November 12, 2018). "Stan Lee Is Dead at 95; Superhero of Marvel Comics + Video (05:26)". The New York Times. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
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