1917

1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1917th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 917th year of the 2nd millennium, the 17th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1917, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1917 by topic
Subject
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    • Anime
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  • Rail transport
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  • Sports
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By country
  • Australia
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  • India
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Lists of leaders
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Birth and death categories
  • Births
  • Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
  • Establishments
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Works category
  • Works
  • Introductions
1917 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1917
MCMXVII
Ab urbe condita2670
Armenian calendar1366
ԹՎ ՌՅԿԶ
Assyrian calendar6667
Baháʼí calendar73–74
Balinese saka calendar1838–1839
Bengali calendar1324
Berber calendar2867
British Regnal year7 Geo. 5 – 8 Geo. 5
Buddhist calendar2461
Burmese calendar1279
Byzantine calendar7425–7426
Chinese calendar丙辰年 (Fire Dragon)
4613 or 4553
    — to —
丁巳年 (Fire Snake)
4614 or 4554
Coptic calendar1633–1634
Discordian calendar3083
Ethiopian calendar1909–1910
Hebrew calendar5677–5678
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1973–1974
 - Shaka Samvat1838–1839
 - Kali Yuga5017–5018
Holocene calendar11917
Igbo calendar917–918
Iranian calendar1295–1296
Islamic calendar1335–1336
Japanese calendarTaishō 6
(大正６年)
Javanese calendar1847–1848
Juche calendar6
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4250
Minguo calendarROC 6
民國6年
Nanakshahi calendar449
Thai solar calendar2459–2460
Tibetan calendar阳火龙年
(male Fire-Dragon)
2043 or 1662 or 890
    — to —
阴火蛇年
(female Fire-Snake)
2044 or 1663 or 891
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1917.

Events

Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.

January
  • January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's Desert Column.[1]
  • January 10 – Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition: Seven survivors of the Ross Sea party were rescued after being stranded for several months.[2]
  • January 11 – Unknown saboteurs set off the Kingsland Explosion at Kingsland (modern-day Lyndhurst, New Jersey), one of the events leading to United States involvement in WWI.[3]
  • January 16 – The Danish West Indies is sold to the United States for $25 million.
  • January 22 – WWI: United States President Woodrow Wilson calls for "peace without victory" in Germany.
  • January 25
    • WWI: British armed merchantman SS Laurentic is sunk by mines off Lough Swilly (Ireland), with the loss of 354 of the 475 aboard.
    • An anti-prostitution drive in San Francisco occurs, and police close about 200 prostitution houses.
  • January 26 – The sea defences at the English village of Hallsands are breached, leading to all but one of the houses becoming uninhabitable.
  • January 28 – The United States ends its search for Pancho Villa.
  • January 30 – Pershing's troops in Mexico begin withdrawing back to the United States. They reach Columbus, New Mexico February 5.

February
  • February 1 – WWI: Atlantic U-boat Campaign: Germany announces its U-boats will resume unrestricted submarine warfare, rescinding the 'Sussex Pledge'.
  • February 3 – WWI: The United States severs diplomatic relations with Germany.
  • February 13
    • Mata Hari is arrested in Paris for spying.
    • WWI – Raid on Nekhl: Units of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force completely reoccupy the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula.
  • February 21 – British troopship SS Mendi is accidentally rammed and sunk off the Isle of Wight, killing 646, mainly members of the South African Native Labour Corps.[4]
  • February 24 – WWI: Walter Hines Page, United States ambassador to the United Kingdom, is shown the intercepted Zimmermann Telegram, in which Germany offers to give the American Southwest back to Mexico, if Mexico will take sides with Germany, in case the United States declares war on Germany.
President Woodrow Wilson of the United States announces to Congress the breaking of diplomatic relations with Germany

March
Women calling for bread and peace - Petrograd, 8 March 1917

April
Lenin
  • April 17
    • (N.S.) (April 4, O.S.) – Vladimir Lenin's April Theses are published.[5] They become very influential in the following July Days and Bolshevik Revolution.
    • WWI: The Egyptian Expeditionary Force begins the Second Battle of Gaza. This unsuccessful frontal attack on strong Ottoman defences along with the first battle, results in 10,000 casualties, the dismissal of force commander General Archibald Murray, and the beginning of the Stalemate in Southern Palestine.
    • The Times and the Daily Mail (London newspapers both owned by Lord Northcliffe) print atrocity propaganda of the supposed existence of a German Corpse Factory processing dead soldiers' bodies.[6][7][8][9]
  • April 19 – WWI: Army transport SS Mongolia (1903) fires the United States' first shots in anger in the war when her gun crew drives off a German U-boat in the English Channel seven miles southeast of Beachy Head.[10]
  • April 26 – WWI: The Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, between France, Italy and the United Kingdom, to settle interests in the Middle East, is signed.

May
  • May 3 – WWI: 1917 French Army mutinies begin.
  • May 9 – WWI: The Nivelle Offensive is abandoned.
  • May 13 – Nuncio Eugenio Pacelli, the future Pope Pius XII, is consecrated Archbishop by Pope Benedict XV.[11]
  • May 13–October 13 (at monthly intervals) – 10-year-old Lúcia Santos and her cousins Francisco and Jacinta Marto report experiencing a series of Marian apparitions near Fátima, Portugal, which become known as Our Lady of Fátima.
  • May 15 – Robert Nivelle is replaced as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army, by Philippe Pétain.
  • May 18 – WWI: The Selective Service Act passes the United States Congress, giving the President the power of conscription.
  • May 21 – Over 300 acres (73 blocks) are destroyed in the Great Atlanta fire of 1917 in the United States.
  • May 22
    • The Commissioned Officer Corps of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey is established.
    • Ell Persons is lynched in Memphis, in connection with the rape and murder of 16-year-old Antoinette Rappal.
  • May 23
    • A month of civil violence in Milan, Italy ends, after the Italian army forcibly takes over the city from anarchists and anti-war revolutionaries; 50 people are killed and 800 arrested.[12]
    • WWI: During the Stalemate in Southern Palestine the Raid on the Beersheba to Hafir el Auja railway, by the British Desert Column, large sections of the railway line linking Beersheba to the main Ottoman desert base are destroyed.
  • May 26 – A tornado strikes Mattoon, Illinois, causing devastation and killing 101 people.
  • May 27 – WWI: 1917 French Army mutinies: Over 30,000 French troops refuse to go to the trenches at Missy-aux-Bois.
  • May 27 – Pope Benedict XV promulgates the 1917 Code of Canon Law.

June
  • June 1 – 1917 French Army mutinies: A French infantry regiment seizes Missy-aux-Bois, and declares an anti-war military government. Other French army troops soon apprehend them.
  • June 4 – The first Pulitzer Prizes are awarded: Laura E. Richards, Maud Howe Elliott and Florence Hall receive the first Pulitzer for a biography, (for Julia Ward Howe). Jean Jules Jusserand receives the first Pulitzer for history, for his work With Americans of Past and Present Days. Herbert Bayard Swope receives the first Pulitzer for journalism, for his work for the New York World.
  • June 5 – WWI: Conscription begins in the United States.
  • June 7 – WWI: Battle of Messines opens with the British Army detonating 24 ammonal mines under the German lines, killing 10,000 in the deadliest deliberate non-nuclear man-made explosion in history.
  • June 8 – Speculator Mine disaster: A fire at the Granite Mountain and Speculator ore mine, outside Butte, Montana, kills at least 168 workers.
  • June 11 – King Constantine I of Greece abdicates for the first time, being succeeded by his son Alexander.
  • June 13 – WWI: The first major German bombing raid on London by fixed-wing aircraft leaves 162 dead and 432 injured.
  • June 15 – The United States enacts the Espionage Act.

July

August

September

October
  • October 4 – WWI: Battle of Broodseinde near Ypres – British Imperial forces overpower the German 4th Army's defences.
  • October 12 – WWI: First Battle of Passchendaele: – Allies fail to take a German defensive position, with the biggest loss of life in a single day for New Zealand, over 800 men and 45 officers are killed, roughly 1 in 1,000 of the nation's population at this time.
  • October 12-19 – WWI: Operation Albion – German forces land on and capture the West Estonian archipelago.
  • October 13 – The Miracle of the Sun is reported at Fátima, Portugal.
  • October 19
    • Dallas Love Field Airport is opened in Texas.
    • Carl Swartz leaves office as Prime Minister of Sweden, after dismal election results for the right-wing in the Riksdag elections in September. He is replaced by liberal leader and history professor Nils Edén.
  • October 23 – A Brazilian ship is destroyed by a German U-Boat, encouraging Brazil to enter World War I.
  • October 24 – WWI: Battle of Caporetto opens between the Kingdom of Italy and the Central Powers near Kobarid in the Austrian Littoral. It is the first major engagement for junior German officer Erwin Rommel.
  • October 26 – WWI: Brazil declares war against the Central Powers.
Brazilian President Venceslau Brás signs a declaration of war against the Central Powers
  • October 27 – WWI: Battle of Buqqar Ridge – Ottoman forces attack British Desert Mounted Corps units garrisoning El-Buqqar Ridge, during the last days of the Stalemate in Southern Palestine.
  • October 31 – WWI: Battle of Beersheba – The British XX Corps and Desert Mounted Corps (Egyptian Expeditionary Force) attack and capture Beersheba from Ottoman forces, ending the stalemate in Southern Palestine. The battle includes a rare (by this date) mounted charge, by Australian mounted infantry.

November
  • November 1 – WWI:
    • The British XXI Corps of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force begins the Third Battle of Gaza.
    • The British Desert Mounted Corps begins the Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe, in the direction of Hebron and Jerusalem.
  • November 2 – Zionism: The British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour makes the Balfour Declaration, proclaiming British support for the "establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people..., it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities".
  • November 5 (N.S.) (October 23, O.S.) – Estonian and Russian Bolsheviks seize power in Tallinn, Autonomous Governorate of Estonia, two days before the October Revolution in Petrograd.
  • November 6
    • WWI – Second Battle of Passchendaele: After 3 months of fierce fighting, Canadian forces take Passchendaele in Belgium (the battle concludes on November 10).
    • WWI: The Battle of Hareira and Sheria is launched by the British XX Corps and Desert Mounted Corps, against the central Ottoman defences protecting the Gaza to Beersheba Road.
    • Militants from Trotsky's committee join with trusty Bolshevik soldiers, to seize government buildings and pounce on members of the provisional government.
  • November 7
  • November 8
  • November 13 – WWI:
    • Battle of Mughar Ridge: The Egyptian Expeditionary Force attacks retreating Yildirim Army Group forces, resulting in the capture of 10,000 Ottoman prisoners, 100 guns and 50 miles (80 km) of Palestine territory.
    • The ANZAC Mounted Division (Desert Mounted Corps) successfully fights the Battle of Ayun Kara, in the aftermath of the Battle of Mughar Ridge against strong German rearguards.
  • November 15
    • "Night of Terror" in the United States: Influential suffragettes from the Silent Sentinels are deliberately subjected to physical assaults by guards while imprisoned.
    • The Parliament of Finland passes another "Sovereignty Act", dissolving Russian sovereignty over Finland and effectively declaring Finland independent.
    • (N.S.) (November 2, O.S.) – The Provincial Assembly of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia declares itself the highest legal body in Estonia, in opposition to Bolsheviks.
  • November 16
    • WWI: Battle of Ayun Kara: The ANZAC Mounted Division occupies Jaffa.
    • Georges Clemenceau becomes prime minister of France.
  • November 17
    • WWI: Action of 17 November 1917: United States Navy destroyers USS Fanning and USS Nicholson capture Imperial German Navy U-boat SM U-58 off the south-west coast of Ireland, the first combat action in which U.S. ships take a submarine (which is then scuttled).
    • WWI: The Battle of Jerusalem (1917) begins, with the Egyptian Expeditionary Force launching attacks against Ottoman forces in the Judean Hills.[16]
    • The People's Dispensary for Sick Animals is founded in the United Kingdom.
  • November 19 – WWI: Battle of Caporetto ends with Austrian and German forces driving the Italian army to retreat 150 kilometres south to the Piave river. The Italians lose 13,000 killed, 30,000 wounded, around 270,000 taken prisoner (mostly willingly) and 50,000 deserted; the government of Paolo Boselli collapses on November 29.
  • November 20
    • WWI: Battle of Cambrai – British forces, using tanks, make early progress in an attack on German positions, but are soon beaten back.
    • The Ukraine is declared a republic.
  • November 22 – In Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the National Hockey Association suspends operations.
  • November 23 – The Bolsheviks release the full text of the previously secret Sykes–Picot Agreement of 1916 in Izvestia and Pravda; it is printed in the Manchester Guardian on November 26.
  • November 24 – A bomb kills 9 members of the Milwaukee Police Department, the most deaths in a single event in U.S. police history (until the September 11 attacks in 2001).
  • November 25 – WWI: Battle of Ngomano – German forces defeat a Portuguese army of about 1,200 at Negomano, on the border of modern-day Mozambique and Tanzania.
  • November 26 – The National Hockey League is formed in Montreal, as a replacement for the recently disbanded National Hockey Association.
  • November 28 – WWI: The Bolsheviks offer peace terms to the Germans.

December
The Senate of Finland in 1917
  • December 6
    • The Senate of Finland officially declares the country's independence from Russia.
    • Halifax Explosion: Two freighters collide in Halifax Harbour at Halifax, Nova Scotia, and cause a huge explosion that kills at least 1,963 people, injures 9,000 and destroys part of the city (the biggest man-made explosion in recorded history until the Trinity nuclear test in 1945).
    • WWI: U.S. Navy destroyer USS Jacob Jones is torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by German submarine U-53, killing 66 crew in the first significant American naval loss of the war.[17]
  • December 9 – WWI – Battle of Jerusalem: The British Egyptian Expeditionary Force accepts the surrender of Jerusalem by the mayor, Hussein al-Husayni, following the effective defeat of the Ottoman Empire's Yildirim Army Group.
  • December 11 – WWI: General Edmund Allenby leads units of the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force into Jerusalem on foot through, the Jaffa Gate.
  • December 17 – The Raad van Vlaanderen proclaims the independence of Flanders.
  • December 20 (N.S.) (December 7, O.S.) – The Cheka, a predecessor to the KGB, is established in Russia.
  • December 23 (N.S.) (December 10, O.S.) – A local plebiscite supports transferring Narva and Ivangorod (Jaanilinn) from the Petrograd Governorate, to the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia.
  • December 25 – Jesse Lynch Williams's Why Marry?, the first dramatic play to win a Pulitzer Prize, opens at the Astor Theatre, New York City.
  • December 26 – United States President Woodrow Wilson uses the Federal Possession and Control Act to place most U.S. railroads under the United States Railroad Administration, hoping to transport troops and materials for the war effort more efficiently.
  • December 30 – WWI: The Egyptian Expeditionary Force secures the victory at the Battle of Jerusalem, by successfully defending Jerusalem from numerous Yildirim Army Group counterattacks.

Date unknown
  • The first edition of the World Book Encyclopedia – simply known as The World Book – is published by the Hanson-Roach-Fowler Company,[18] and is one of the first American encyclopedias to cover the major areas of knowledge to a mass audience.
  • Women are permitted to stand in national elections in the Netherlands.
  • The True Jesus Church is established in Beijing.
  • Nakajima Aircraft Company, as predecessor of Subaru, a car manufacturing company in Japan, founded in Ota, Gunma Prefecture.

Births
Births
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January
Ernest Borgnine
Jânio Quadros

February
Zsa Zsa Gabor
Anthony Burgess

March
Dinah Shore
Desi Arnaz
Dame Vera Lynn
Cyrus Vance
  • March 1
  • March 2
    • Desi Arnaz, Cuban-born American actor, bandleader, musician, and television producer; co-founder of Desilu Productions (d. 1986)
    • Babiker Awadalla, 8th Prime Minister of Sudan (d. 2019)
    • Max Webb, Polish-American real estate developer and philanthropist (d. 2018)
  • March 3 – Sameera Moussa, Egyptian nuclear scientist (d. 1952)
  • March 5 – Raymond P. Shafer, 39th Governor of Pennsylvania (d. 2006)
  • March 6
  • March 12
    • Giovanni Benedetti, Italian Catholic prelate (d. 2017)
    • Leonard Chess, Polish-American record company executive, co-founder of Chess Records (d. 1969)
    • Googie Withers, British actress (d. 2011)
  • March 16 – Mehrdad Pahlbod, Iranian royal and politician (d. 2018)
  • March 18 – Mircea Ionescu-Quintus, Romanian politician (d. 2017)
  • March 19
    • Dinu Lipatti, Romanian pianist (d. 1950)
    • Sardon Jubir, Malaysian politician (d. 1985)
  • March 20
    • Haddon Donald, New Zealand Army Lieutenant Colonel and politician (d. 2018)
    • Dame Vera Lynn, English actress, singer (d. 2020)
  • March 21 – Yigael Yadin, Israeli archeologist, politician, and Military Chief of Staff (d. 1984)
  • March 22 – Virginia Grey, American actress (d. 2004)
  • March 24
  • March 26 – Rufus Thomas, American singer (d. 2001)
  • March 27 – Cyrus Vance, American politician (d. 2002)

April
Robert Bloch
Ella Fitzgerald

May
Raymond Burr
John F. Kennedy
  • May 1
    • John Beradino, American baseball player and actor, best known for his role in General Hospital (d. 1996)
    • Ulric Cross, Trinidadian judge, diplomat and war hero (d. 2013)
    • Danielle Darrieux, French singer, actress (d. 2017)
    • Fyodor Khitruk, Russian animator (d. 2012)
  • May 3
    • José Del Vecchio, Venezuelan physician, youth baseball promoter (d. 1990)
    • George Gaynes, Finland-born American actor (d. 2016)
    • Kiro Gligorov, 1st President of the Republic of Macedonia (d. 2012)
  • May 6 – Morihiro Higashikuni, Japanese prince (d. 1969)
  • May 7 – David Tomlinson, English actor (d. 2000)
  • May 12 – Frank Clair, Canadian football coach (d. 2005)
  • May 14 – Lou Harrison, American composer (d. 2003)
  • May 15 – Jerzy Duszyński, Polish actor (d. 1978)
  • May 16 – Juan Rulfo, Mexican writer, photographer (d. 1986)[26]
  • May 20 – Bergur Sigurbjörnsson, Icelandic politician (d. 2005)
  • May 21 – Raymond Burr, Canadian actor, best known for his role in Perry Mason (d. 1993)
  • May 22 – Georg Tintner, Austrian conductor (d. 1999)
  • May 24 – Florence Knoll, American architect, furniture designer (d. 2019)
  • May 28
    • Papa John Creach, African-American fiddler (d. 1994)
    • Marshall Reed, American film, television actor (d. 1980)
  • May 29 – John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States (d. 1963)
  • May 31 – Zilka Salaberry, Brazilian actress (d. 2005)

June
Dean Martin
Eric Hobsbawm
Susan Hayward

July
Reg Smythe
Robert Conquest
Phyllis Diller
  • July 1
    • Shyam Saran Negi, Indian schoolteacher
    • Virginia Dale, American actress, dancer (d. 1994)
    • Álvaro Domecq y Díez, Spanish aristocrat (d. 2005)
  • July 2 – André Lafargue, French journalist, resistance fighter (d. 2017)
  • July 4 – Manolete, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1947)
  • July 6
    • Heribert Barrera, Spanish chemist, politician (d. 2011)
    • Arthur Lydiard, New Zealand runner, athletics coach (d. 2004)
  • July 7
    • Larry O'Brien, American politician, former NBA commissioner (d. 1990)
    • Fidel Sánchez Hernández, President of El Salvador (d. 2003)
  • July 9
    • Krystyna Dańko, Polish orphan, survivor of the Holocaust (d. 2019)
    • Peter Moyes, Australian educator (d. 2007)
  • July 10
    • Şeref Alemdar, Turkish basketball player (d. unknown)
    • Dayton S. Mak, U.S. diplomat (d. 2018)
    • Reg Smythe, English cartoonist (d. 1998)
  • July 11 – Per Carleson, Swedish épée fencer (d. 2004)
  • July 12
    • Luigi Gorrini, Italian soldier, pilot (d. 2014)
    • Andrew Wyeth, American painter (d. 2009)
    • Satyendra Narayan Sinha, Indian statesman (d. 2006)
  • July 15
    • Robert Conquest, British historian (d. 2015)[34]
    • Reidar Liaklev, Norwegian speed skater (d. 2006)
    • Joan Roberts, American actress (d. 2012)
  • July 17
    • Gus Arriola, Mexican-American comic strip cartoonist, animator (d. 2008)
    • Phyllis Diller, American actress, comedian (d. 2012)
    • Kenan Evren, 7th President of Turkey (d. 2015)
    • Generoso Jiménez, Cuban trombone player (d. 2007)
    • Nur Muhammad Taraki, Afghan revolutionary communist politician, journalist and writer (d. 1979)
  • July 18
    • Henri Salvador, French singer (d. 2008)
    • Paul Streeten, Austrian-born British economics professor (d. 2019)
  • July 19 – William Scranton, American politician (d. 2013)
  • July 20 – Paul Hubschmid, Swiss actor (d. 2001)
  • July 21
    • Alan B. Gold, Canadian lawyer, jurist (d. 2005)
    • Sidney Leviss, American Democratic politician (d. 2007)
  • July 22
    • Larry Hooper, American singer, musician (d. 1983)
    • Adam Malik, 3rd Vice President of Indonesia (d. 1984)
  • July 23 – Omar Yoke Lin Ong, Malaysian politician, diplomat and businessman (d. 2010)
  • July 24 – Henri Betti, French composer, pianist (d. 2005)
  • July 25 – Fritz Honegger, 79th president of Switzerland (d. 1999)
  • July 26 – Lorna Gray, American actress (d. 2017)
  • July 27 – Wu Zhonghua, Chinese physicist, pioneered three-dimensional flow theory (d. 1992)
  • July 30 – Keith Rae, Australian rules footballer (d. 2021)

August
Robert Mitchum
Jack Kirby
Denis Healey

September
Ferdinand Marcos
Fernando Rey
El Santo

October
June Allyson
Rodney Robert Porter
Dizzy Gillespie
Joan Fontaine

November
Park Chung-hee
Pedro Infante
Indira Gandhi

December
Sir Arthur C. Clarke
Heinrich Böll
Ellis Clarke

Date unknown
  • Hazza' al-Majali, 22nd & 32nd Prime Minister of Jordan (d. 1960)[42]

Deaths

January–March
Buffalo Bill Cody
Ferdinand von Zeppelin
Emil von Behring

April–June
Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia
Jose Manuel Pando
Titu Maiorescu
Frans Schollaert
  • April 1 – Scott Joplin, African-American ragtime composer, pianist (b. c.1868)
  • April 3 – Milton Wright, American bishop, father of the Wright brothers (b. 1828)
  • April 6 – Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia (b. 1893)
  • April 7 – George Brown, British missionary (b. 1835)
  • April 8 – Richard Olney, American politician (b. 1835)
  • April 13 – Diamond Jim Brady, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1856)
  • April 14 – L. L. Zamenhof, Polish creator of Esperanto (b. 1859)
  • April 18 – F. C. Burnand, British playwright and comic writer (b. 1836)
  • April 29 – Tehaapapa III, Tahitian queen (b. 1879)
  • May 7 – Albert Ball, British World War I fighter ace, posthumous Victoria Cross recipient (killed in action) (b. 1896)[45]
  • May 17
    • Charles Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak (b. 1829)
    • Radomir Putnik, Serbian field marshal (b. 1847)
  • May 18 – John Nevil Maskelyne, English magician and inventor (b. 1839)
  • May 20 – Philipp von Ferrary, Italian stamp collector (b. 1850)
  • May 23 – Queen Ranavalona III of Madagascar (b. 1855)
  • May 24 – Les Darcy, Australian boxer (b. 1895)
  • May 25
    • Maksim Bahdanovič, Belarusian poet (b. 1891)
    • René Dorme, French World War I fighter ace (b. 1894)
  • May 27 – Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev, Imperial Russian Navy admiral and politician (b. 1843)
  • May 29 – Kate Harrington, American teacher, writer and poet (b. 1831)
  • June 3 – Matilda Carse, Irish-born American businesswoman, social reformer (b. 1835)
  • June 5 – Karl Emil Schäfer, German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1891)
  • June 12 – Teresa Carreño, Venezuelan pianist, singer, composer and conductor (b. 1853)
  • June 14 – Thomas W. Benoist, American aviator, aircraft designer and manufacturer, founder of the world's first scheduled airline (b. 1874)
  • June 15 – Kristian Birkeland, Norwegian physicist (b. 1867)[46]
  • June 17 – José Manuel Pando, 25th President of Bolivia (b. 1849)
  • June 18 – Titu Maiorescu, Romanian politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1840)
  • June 26 – Ella Giles Ruddy, American author and essayist (b. 1851)
  • June 27
    • Karl Allmenröder, German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1896)
    • Gustav von Schmoller, German economist (b. 1838)
  • June 29 – Frans Schollaert, 19th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1851)
  • June 30
    • Antonio de La Gándara, French painter (b. 1861)
    • Dadabhai Naoroji, Indian politician (b. 1825)

July–September
Adolf von Baeyer
Mata Hari

October–December
Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
Auguste Rodin
Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini

Nobel Prizes

References
  1. New Zealand. Army. Expeditionary Force (1924). Roll of Honour, the Great War, 1914-1918. W.A.G. Skinner. p. xv.
  2. Shackleton, Ernest (1919). South. London: William Heinemann. pp. 334–337.
  3. Canada. Parliament. House of Commons (1939). Official Report of Debates, House of Commons. Queen's Printer. p. 4044.
  4. SA Legion – Atteridgeville Branch. "The SS Mendi – A Historical Background". Navy News. South African Navy. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved November 20, 2008.
  5. Pravda.
  6. "Germans and their Dead. Revolting Treatment. Science and the Barbarian Spirit". The Times. No. 41454. London. April 17, 1917. p. 5.
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Further reading
  • Williams, John. The Other Battleground The Home Fronts: Britain, France and Germany 1914-1918 (1972) pp 175–242.

Primary sources and year books
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