1893

1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1893rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 893rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 93rd year of the 19th century, and the 4th year of the 1890s decade. As of the start of 1893, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1893 in topic
Humanities
Archaeology – Architecture – Art
Film - Literature – Music - (jazz)
By country
Australia – Belgium – Brazil – Bulgaria – Canada – Denmark – France – Germany – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Philippines – Portugal – Russia – South Africa – Spain – Sweden – United Kingdom – United States – Venezuela
Other topics
Rail transport – Science – Sports
Lists of leaders
Sovereign states – State leaders – Territorial governors – Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
1893 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1893
MDCCCXCIII
Ab urbe condita2646
Armenian calendar1342
ԹՎ ՌՅԽԲ
Assyrian calendar6643
Baháʼí calendar49–50
Balinese saka calendar1814–1815
Bengali calendar1300
Berber calendar2843
British Regnal year56 Vict. 1 – 57 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2437
Burmese calendar1255
Byzantine calendar7401–7402
Chinese calendar壬辰年 (Water Dragon)
4589 or 4529
    — to —
癸巳年 (Water Snake)
4590 or 4530
Coptic calendar1609–1610
Discordian calendar3059
Ethiopian calendar1885–1886
Hebrew calendar5653–5654
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1949–1950
 - Shaka Samvat1814–1815
 - Kali Yuga4993–4994
Holocene calendar11893
Igbo calendar893–894
Iranian calendar1271–1272
Islamic calendar1310–1311
Japanese calendarMeiji 26
(明治２６年)
Javanese calendar1822–1823
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4226
Minguo calendar19 before ROC
民前19年
Nanakshahi calendar425
Thai solar calendar2435–2436
Tibetan calendar阳水龙年
(male Water-Dragon)
2019 or 1638 or 866
    — to —
阴水蛇年
(female Water-Snake)
2020 or 1639 or 867
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1893.

Events

January–March
January 2: standard railroad chronometers.
March 10: Ivory Coast becomes French colony.

April–June
May 1: World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago
June 20: Wengernalpbahn railway.
  • May 23 – Mahatma Gandhi arrives in South Africa, where he will live until 1914, lead non-violent protests on behalf of Indian immigrants in the South African Republic (Transvaal), and generally have a deeper experience of such activities during these years.
  • June 4 – The Anti-Saloon League is incorporated, originally as a state organization, in Oberlin, Ohio.[2] On December 18, 1895, it becomes a nationwide organization. The same year, the American Council on Alcohol Problems is established, along with the Committee of Fifty for the Study of the Liquor Problem.
  • June 6 – Wedding of Prince George, Duke of York, and Princess Mary of Teck: the future King George V of the United Kingdom marries at St James's Palace in London.
  • June 15 – 1893 German federal election: Small anti-Semitic parties secure 2.9% of the vote.
  • June 17 – Gold is found in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia.
  • June 20
  • June 22 – The flagship HMS Victoria (1887) of the British Mediterranean Fleet collides with HMS Camperdown (1885) and sinks in 10 minutes; Vice-admiral Sir George Tryon goes down with his ship.
  • June 29 – Unveiling of the Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain at Piccadilly Circus in London with its statue of Anteros.[3]

July–September
June 22: British Mediterranean Fleet flagship Victoria sinks.
  • July 1 – U.S. President Grover Cleveland is operated on in secret.
  • July 6 – The small town of Pomeroy, Iowa, is nearly destroyed by a tornado; 71 people are killed and 200 injured.
  • July 11
    • Liberal general and politician José Santos Zelaya leads a successful revolt in Nicaragua.
    • Kōkichi Mikimoto, in Japan, develops the method to seed and grow cultured pearls.
  • July 13
    • Paknam Incident: Two French Navy ships are fired upon by Siamese cannons stationed at the Paknam Fort, that guards the Chao Phraya River.[4] Three months later, Siam is forced to cede modern day Laos to France.
    • Frederick Jackson Turner gives a lecture titled "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" before the American Historical Association in Chicago.
    • Scottish Association football club Dundee F.C. is formed.
  • July 25 – The Corinth Canal is completed in Greece.
  • August 15 – The Ibadan area becomes a British protectorate, after a treaty signed by Fijabi, the Baale of Ibadan with the British acting Governor of Lagos, George C. Denton.
  • August 27 – The Sea Islands hurricane hits Savannah, Georgia, Charleston, South Carolina, and the Sea Islands, killing 1,000–2,000.
July 11: Mikimoto develops cultured pearls.

October–December
France conquers Laos.
  • October 10 – The first car number plates appear in Paris, France.
  • October 13
    • The first students enter St Hilda's College, Oxford, England, founded for women by Dorothea Beale.
    • The Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1893 is signed, as the Kingdom of Siam cedes all of its territories east of the Mekong River to France, creating the territory of Laos.[6]
  • October 14 – According to Japanese government official confirmed report, a devastating levee collapse, flash flood and landslide hit and damage around Kyushu Island, Shikoku Island and western Honshū, due to strong wind typhoon in Japan, an official documents figure report, resulting to 2,044 person were perished.[7]
  • October 16 – American sisters Patty Hill and Mildred J. Hill copyright their book Song Stories for the Kindergarten including "Good Morning to All". The melody, by Mildred Hill, is later adapted, without authorization, by Robert H. Coleman as "Good Morning to You!", with the second stanza containing the words to "Happy Birthday to You", leading to a successful copyright lawsuit by the Hill sisters in 1934.[8]
  • October 23 – The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) is founded by Bulgarians, in the town of Thessaloniki. Its aim is to liberate the region of Macedonia from the Ottoman Turks.
  • October 28 (October 16 O.S.) – In Saint Petersburg (Russia), Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky conducts the first performance of his Symphony No. 6 in B minor, Pathétique, nine days before his death.
  • October 30 – The 1893 World's Fair, also known as the World's Columbian Exposition, closes.
  • November 7 – Colorado women are granted the right to vote.
  • November 12 – The Durand Line is established as the boundary between British India and Afghanistan, by a memorandum of understanding signed by Sir Mortimer Durand, Foreign Secretary of British India, and Abdur Rahman Khan, Amir of Afghanistan.
  • November 15 – FC Basel Association football club is founded in Switzerland.
  • November 16 – Athletic club Královské Vinohrady, later Sparta Prague, is founded.
  • November 26 – Arthur Conan Doyle's story "The Adventure of the Final Problem", published in the December dated issue of The Strand Magazine and serialized in Sunday newspapers worldwide, surprises the reading public by revealing that his popular character Sherlock Holmes had apparently died at the Reichenbach Falls on May 4, 1891.[9][10]
  • December – Carl Anton Larsen becomes the first man to ski in Antarctica.
  • December 4 – First Matabele War: The Shangani Patrol of British South Africa Company soldiers is ambushed and annihilated, by more than 3,000 Matabele warriors.
  • December 5 – Plural voting is abolished in New South Wales.
  • December 8 – In the United States, the National Education Association releases the final report from the Committee of Ten at a conference at Columbia University, recommending standardization of the high school curriculum.[11]
  • December 16 – Antonín Dvořák's Symphony No. 9 (From the New World) receives its premiere at Carnegie Hall, New York City.
  • December 20 – Evergreen Park, Illinois, is incorporated.

Date unknown
  • The first recumbent bicycle, the Fautenil Vélociped, is made in France.
  • Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, is incorporated as a town.
  • German physicist Wilhelm Wien formulates Wien's displacement law.
  • TMI Episcopal is founded in San Antonio as "The West Texas School for Boys", quickly changed to "West Texas Military Academy", by Bishop James S. Johnston.
  • Booker T. Washington High School (Houston) is founded as "Colored High", the first African-American high school in Houston, Texas.
  • The National Sculpture Society (NSS) is founded in the United States.
  • A 16th century Ardabil Carpet from Persia enters the collection of the South Kensington Museum in London.
  • The University of Exeter Debating Society is founded in England as the Exeter Debating Society at the Royal Albert Memorial College.
  • Dulwich Hamlet F.C. is founded in London.
  • American pharmacist Caleb Bradham invents the recipe for what later becomes Pepsi. He originally sells it as 'Brad's Drink' at his pharmacy in New Bern, North Carolina.
  • 71.2% of the working population of São Paulo is foreign-born.
  • By 1893 – 8,000 Chinese arrive in Cuba.
  • The Girls' Brigade was founded in Dublin, Ireland

Births

January–March
Soong Ching-ling
Jimmy Durante
José María Velasco Ibarra
Ethel Owen

April–June
Dean Acheson
Joan Miró
Harold Urey
Gillis Grafström
Roy O. Disney

July–September
Mae West
Albert Szent-Györgyi

October–December
Lillian Gish
Gummo Marx
Mao Zedong

Deaths

January–June
Rutherford B. Hayes
Jane Mackenzie
Margaret Manton Merrill

July–December
John Abbott
Annie Pixley
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Date unknown
  • Margaret Fox, American spiritualist medium (b. 1833)

References
  1. "Salt Lake Temple".
  2. George M. Hammell, The Passing of the Saloon: An Authentic and Official Presentation of the Anti-liquor Crusade in America (F.L. Rowe Company, 1908) p193, p414
  3. "The Shaftesbury Memorial, Piccadilly-Circus". The Times. No. 33991. London. June 30, 1893. p. 11.
  4. Stuart-Fox, Martin (1997). A History of Laos. Cambridge University Press. p. 25.
  5. Kim, Paul Hyoshin (2016). Jesus of Korea: Savior of the People. Fortress Press. p. 75.
  6. "Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1893", in Historical Dictionary of Laos, by Martin Stuart-Fox (Scarecrow Press, 2008) p112
  7. ja:明治26年の台風 (Japanese language edition) Retrieved on February 12, 2021.
  8. James J. Fuld, The Book of World-famous Music: Classical, Popular, and Folk (Courier Corporation, 2000) p267
  9. "The Death of Sherlock Holmes", advertisement in Buffalo (NY) Evening News, November 24, 1893, p1.
  10. "The Final Problem: The Last Episode in the Life of Sherlock Holmes", by A. Conan Doyle, Philadelphia Inquirer, November 26, 1893, p21.
  11. Report of the Committee on Secondary School Studies Appointed at the Meeting of the National Educational Association July 9, 1892. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1893. p. 1.
  12. Merriam-Webster's encyclopedia of literature. Springfield, Mass: Merriam-Webster. 1995. p. 51. ISBN 9780877790426.
  13. >Novel/fiction Awards 1917-1994: From Pearl S. Buck and Margaret Mitchell to Ernest Hemingway and John Updike. K.G. Saur. 1997. p. 83.
  14. Morison, Stanley (1960). Talbot Baines Reed: Author, Bibliographer, Typefounder. Cambridge, England: Published by Stanley Morison: printed privately by the Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–3.
  15. "Ignacio Manuel Altamirano". Biografias y Vidas (in Spanish). Retrieved June 1, 2019.
  16. Shirley Marchalonis, ed. (1991). Patrons and Protegees: Gender, Friendship, and Writing in Nineteenth Century America. Rutgers University Press. p. 114. ISBN 9780813516905.
  17. "Manuel del Refugio González Flores: Biografía" [Manuel del Refugio González Flores: Biography] (in Spanish). Lifeder.com. February 16, 2018. Retrieved May 29, 2019.

Further reading
  • The Year-book of the Imperial Institute of the United Kingdom, the colonies and India: a statistical record of the resources and trade of the colonial and Indian possessions of the British Empire (2nd. ed. 1893) 880pp; online edition
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