1971

1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1971st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 971st year of the 2nd millennium, the 71st year of the 20th century, and the 2nd year of the 1970s decade.

    Millennium: 2nd millennium
    Centuries:
    Decades:
    Years:
    1971 in various calendars
    Gregorian calendar1971
    MCMLXXI
    Ab urbe condita2724
    Armenian calendar1420
    ԹՎ ՌՆԻ
    Assyrian calendar6721
    Baháʼí calendar127–128
    Balinese saka calendar1892–1893
    Bengali calendar1378
    Berber calendar2921
    British Regnal year19 Eliz. 2  20 Eliz. 2
    Buddhist calendar2515
    Burmese calendar1333
    Byzantine calendar7479–7480
    Chinese calendar庚戌年 (Metal Dog)
    4667 or 4607
         to 
    辛亥年 (Metal Pig)
    4668 or 4608
    Coptic calendar1687–1688
    Discordian calendar3137
    Ethiopian calendar1963–1964
    Hebrew calendar5731–5732
    Hindu calendars
     - Vikram Samvat2027–2028
     - Shaka Samvat1892–1893
     - Kali Yuga5071–5072
    Holocene calendar11971
    Igbo calendar971–972
    Iranian calendar1349–1350
    Islamic calendar1390–1391
    Japanese calendarShōwa 46
    (昭和46年)
    Javanese calendar1902–1903
    Juche calendar60
    Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
    Korean calendar4304
    Minguo calendarROC 60
    民國60年
    Nanakshahi calendar503
    Thai solar calendar2514
    Tibetan calendar阳金狗年
    (male Iron-Dog)
    2097 or 1716 or 944
         to 
    阴金猪年
    (female Iron-Pig)
    2098 or 1717 or 945
    Unix time31536000 – 63071999

    The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses (February 25, July 22 and August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 10, and August 6).

    The world population increased by 2.1% this year, the highest increase in history.[1]

    Events

    January

    • January 5 The first ever One Day International cricket match is played between Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.
    • January 8 Tupamaros kidnap Geoffrey Jackson, British ambassador to Uruguay, in Montevideo, keeping him captive until September.
    • January 9 Uruguayan president Jorge Pacheco Areco demands emergency powers for 90 days due to kidnappings, and receives them the next day.
    • January 12 The landmark United States television sitcom All in the Family, starring Carroll O'Connor as Archie Bunker, debuts on CBS.
    • January 14 Seventy Brazilian political prisoners are released in Santiago, Chile; Giovanni Enrico Bucher is released January 16.
    • January 15 The Aswan High Dam officially opens in Egypt.
    • January 18
      • Strikes in Poland demand the resignation of Interior Minister Kazimierz Świtała. He resigns January 23 and is replaced by Franciszek Szlachcic.
      • Ivan Koloff defeats Bruno Sammartino for the WWWF World Heavyweight Championship in wrestling ending a seven and two thirds years reign, the longest in the Championships history.
    • January 19 Representatives of 23 western oil companies begin negotiations with OPEC in Tehran to stabilize oil prices; February 14 they sign a treaty with 6 Khalij el-Arab countries.
    • January 24 The Guinean government sentences to death 92 Guineans who helped Portuguese troops in the failed landing attempts in November 1970; 72 are sentenced to hard labor for life; 58 of the sentenced are hanged the next day.
    • January 25
      • In Uganda, Idi Amin deposes Milton Obote in a coup, and becomes president.
      • In Los Angeles, Charles Manson and 3 female "Family" members are found guilty of the 1969 Tate–LaBianca murders.
      • Himachal Pradesh becomes the 18th Indian state.
      • Intelsat IV (F2) is launched; it enters commercial service over the Atlantic Ocean March 26.
    • January 31 Apollo program: Apollo 14 (carrying astronauts Alan Shepard, Stuart Roosa, and Edgar Mitchell) lifts off on the third successful lunar landing mission.

    February

    • February 4
      • In Britain, Rolls-Royce goes bankrupt and is nationalised.
      • The Nasdaq stock exchange is founded in New York City.
    • February 5 Apollo 14 lands on the Moon.
    • February 6 The 4.6 Mb Tuscania earthquake shakes the Italian province of Viterbo with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), causing 24 deaths, 150 injuries and extreme damage.
    • February 7
      • Switzerland gives women voting rights in state elections, but not in all canton-specific ones.
      • Władysław Gomułka is expelled from the Central Council of the Polish Communist Party.
    • February 8 A new stock market index called the Nasdaq Composite debuts in the United States.
    • February 9
    • February 10 A total lunar eclipse is visible from Pacific, Americas, Europe and Africa, and is the 50th lunar eclipse of Lunar Saros 123.
    • February 11 The US, UK, USSR and others sign the Seabed Treaty, outlawing nuclear weapons on the ocean floor.
    • February 11 12 Palestinian and Jordanian fighters clash in Amman.
    • February 13 Vietnam War: Backed by American air and artillery support, South Vietnamese troops invade Laos.
    • February 15 Decimal Day: The United Kingdom and Ireland both switch to decimal currency (see also decimalisation).[2]
    • February 16 In Italy, a local parliament elects the city of Catanzaro as the capital of Calabria; residents of Reggio di Calabria riot for 5 days because of the decision.
    • February 20 The U.S. Emergency Broadcast System sends an erroneous warning across the nation's radio and television stations, meant to be a standard weekly test conducted by NORAD in Cheyenne Mountain in Colorado. Some stations cease broadcasting until the message is rescinded, as required by federal rules, while most ignore it.[3]
    • February 21
      • The Convention on Psychotropic Substances is signed at Vienna.
      • Between February 21 and 22, an outbreak of nineteen tornadoes rage across the Mississippi Delta in Mississippi and Louisiana, killing 123 people.
    • February 23 Operation Lam Son 719: South Vietnamese General Do Cao Tri is killed in a helicopter crash en route to taking control of the faltering campaign.[4]
    • February 25 A partial solar eclipse is visible from Europe, Africa and Asia, and is the 18th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 149.
    • February 26 Secretary General U Thant signs the United Nations proclamation of the March equinox (March 21) as Earth Day.
    • February 27 Doctors in the first Dutch abortion clinic (Mildredhuis in Arnhem) start to perform abortions.
    • February 28 Evel Knievel sets a world record and jumps 19 cars on a motorbike in Ontario, California.
    February 6: Earthquake in Tuscania, Italy.
    February 21: Tornadoes kill over 100 in the U.S. state of Mississippi.

    March

    April

    May

    • May 1
      • Amtrak begins intercity rail passenger service in the United States.
      • The Ceylonese government promises amnesty for guerillas who surrender before May 5.
    • May 2 In Ceylon, left-wing guerillas launch a series of assaults against public buildings.
    • May 3
    • May 5 The U.S. dollar floods the European currency markets and especially threatens the Deutsche Mark; the central banks of Austria, Belgium, Netherlands and Switzerland stop the currency trading.
    • May 6 The government of Ceylon begins a major offensive against the People's Liberation Front.
    • May 9
    • May 12 An earthquake in Turkey destroys most of the city of Burdur.
    • May 15 Israeli ambassador to Turkey Efraim Elrom is kidnapped; he is found killed in Istanbul May 25.
    • May 16 A coup attempt is exposed and foiled in Egypt.
    • May 18
      • The U.S. Congress formally votes to end funding for the American Supersonic Transport program.
      • The Montreal Canadiens win the Stanley Cup against the Chicago Black Hawks. The Canadiens became only the second team in NHL history to win the Cup in Game 7 on the road, and did so after the home team had won each of the previous six games in the series. This also marked Jean Béliveau's last NHL game.
    • May 19 Mars probe program: Mars 2 is launched by the Soviet Union.
    • May 22 An earthquake lasting 20 seconds destroys most of Bingöl, Turkey; more than 1,000 are killed and 10,000 are made homeless.
    • May 23 Aviogenex Flight 130 crashes at Rijeka Airport, Yugoslavia, killing 78 people, mostly British tourists.
    • May 26
      • Austria and the People's Republic of China establish diplomatic relations.
      • Qantas agrees to pay $500,000 to bomb hoaxer/extortionist Mr. Brown (Peter Macari), who is later arrested.
    • May 27
      • Six armed passengers hijack a Romanian passenger plane and force it to fly to Vienna.
      • Christie's auctions a diamond known as Deepdene; it is later found to be artificially colored.
    • May 28 Portugal resigns from UNESCO.
    • May 30 Mariner program: Mariner 9 is launched toward Mars.
    • May 31 The birth of Bangladesh is declared by the government in exile in territory formerly part of Pakistan.

    June

    • June Massachusetts passes its Chapter 766 laws enacting special education.
    • June 1 Vietnam War: Vietnam Veterans for a Just Peace, claiming to represent the majority of U.S. veterans who served in Southeast Asia, speak against war protests.
    • June 6
      • Soyuz program: Soyuz 11 (Vladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski, Viktor Patsayev) is launched.
      • A midair collision between Hughes Airwest Flight 706 Douglas DC-9 jetliner and a U.S. Marine Corps McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom jet fighter near Duarte, California claims 50 lives.
    • June 10
      • The U.S. ends its trade embargo of China.
      • Corpus Thursday: A student rally on the streets of Mexico City is roughly dispersed.
      • Amtrak had its first fatal accident when 11 people were killed and 163 injured in the derailment of the City of New Orleans train near Tonti, Illinois.[25][26]
    • June 11 Neville Bonner becomes the first Indigenous Australian to sit in the Australian Parliament.
    • June 13
      • Vietnam War: The New York Times begins to publish the Pentagon Papers.[27]
      • Racing drivers Gijs van Lennep of the Netherlands and Helmut Marko of Austria win the 24 Hours of Le Mans in the Martini Racing Porsche 917K.
    • June 14 Norway begins oil production in the North Sea.
    • June 17
      • Representatives of Japan and the United States sign the Okinawa Reversion Agreement, whereby the U.S. will return control of Okinawa.[28]
      • President Richard Nixon declares the U.S. War on Drugs.
    • June 18Southwest Airlines, a low-cost carrier, begins its first flights between Dallas, Houston and San Antonio.
    • June 20 Britain announces that Soviet space scientist Anatoli Fedoseyev has been granted asylum.
    • June 21 Britain begins new negotiations for EEC membership in Luxembourg.
    • June 25 Madagascar accuses the U.S. of conspiring to oust the government; the U.S. recalls its ambassador.
    • June 27 Concert promoter Bill Graham closes the legendary Fillmore East, which first opened on 2nd Avenue in New York City on March 8, 1968.
    • June 28 Assassin Jerome A. Johnson shoots Joe Colombo, boss of his eponymous crime family, in the head during an Italian-American rally, putting him in a coma.
    • June 30
      • After a successful mission aboard Salyut 1, the world's first human-occupied space station, the crew of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft die after their air supply leaks out through a faulty valve.
      • New York Times Co. v. United States: The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the Pentagon Papers may be published, rejecting government injunctions as unconstitutional prior restraint.
      • The musical fantasy film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, based on the novel Charlie & the Chocolate Factory and starring Gene Wilder and Jack Albertson, is released.

    July

    World Trade Center, Lower Manhattan, 1971

    August

    • August Camden, New Jersey erupts in race riots, with looting and arson, following the beating death of a Puerto Rican motorist by city police. Also in 1971, Philadelphia International Records is established, with Camden native Leon Huff as co-founder.
    • August 1 In New York City, 40,000 attend The Concert for Bangladesh.
    • August 2 J. C. Penney debuts its trademark Helvetica wordmark which has been used ever since.
    • August 5 The South Pacific Forum (SPF) is established.
    • August 6 A total lunar eclipse lasting 1 hour, 40 minutes, and 4 seconds is observed, visible from South America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia, and is the 38th lunar eclipse of Lunar Saros 128.
    • August 7 Apollo 15 returns to Earth.
    • August 9
    • August 10 Mr. Tickle, the first book in the Mr. Men series is first published.[32]
    • August 11 Construction begins on the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans.
    • August 12Syria severs diplomatic relations with Jordan because of border clashes.
    • August 14
      • British troops are stationed on the Ireland border to stop arms smuggling.
      • Bahrain declares independence as the State of Bahrain (As of 2018 officially the Kingdom of Bahrain).
    • August 15
      • Jackie Stewart becomes Formula One World Drivers' Champion in the Tyrrell 003-Cosworth.
      • The number of British troops in Northern Ireland is raised to 12,500.
      • President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will no longer convert dollars to gold at a fixed value, effectively ending the Bretton Woods system. He also imposes a 90-day freeze on wages, prices and rents.
    • August 16Hastings Banda, President of Malawi, becomes the first black president to visit South Africa.[33]
    • August 18
    • August 1922 A right-wing coup ignites a rebellion in Bolivia. Miners and students join troops to support president Juan José Torres, but eventually Hugo Banzer takes over.
    • August 20
      • International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat) (effective February 12, 1973).
      • The USS Manatee spills 1,000 US gallons (3,800 L) of fuel oil on President Nixon's Western White House beach in San Clemente, California.
      • A partial solar eclipse is visible from Southern Ocean, and is the 4th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 154.
    • August 21 A bomb made of two hand grenades by communist rebels explodes in the Liberal Party campaign party in Plaza Miranda in Quiapo, Manila the Philippines, injuring several anti-Marcos political candidates.
    • August 25
    • August 26 A civilian government takes power in Greece.
    • August 30 The Progressive Conservatives under Peter Lougheed defeat the Social Credit government under Harry E. Strom in a general election, ending 36 years of uninterrupted power for Social Credit in Alberta.

    September

    October

    November

    December

    Date unknown

    • Ray Tomlinson sends the first ARPANET e-mail between host computers,[39] in late 1971 [40]
    • Crude oil production peaks in the continental United States at approximately 4.5 million barrels per day (720,000 m3/d).
    • The Center for Science in the Public Interest is established in the United States.
    • Bulanti motorcar built in Australia.

    Births

    Births
    January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December · Date unknown

    January

    Jeremy Renner

    February

    Damian Lewis
    Alex Borstein
    Jeff Kinney

    March

    April

    May

    June

    Elon Musk
    • June 1
      • Mario Cimarro, Cuban actor and singer
      • Georgie Gardner, Australian journalist
      • Fadli Zon, Indonesian politician and former deputy speaker of the Indonesian People's Representative Council
    • June 3 Luigi Di Biagio, Italian footballer
    • June 4
      • Joseph Kabila, 4th President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
      • Noah Wyle, American actor
    • June 5
      • Susan Lynch, Northern Irish actress
      • Mark Wahlberg, American actor, producer, businessman, model and rapper known as Marky Mark
    • June 8 Jeff Douglas, Canadian actor
    • June 10
      • Bobby Jindal, American politician
      • Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría, Deputy Prime Minister of Spain[86]
    • June 11 RSN Rayer, Malaysian politician
    • June 12 Mark Henry, American professional wrestler, Olympian
    • June 15 Isménia do Frederico, Cape Verdean sprinter
    • June 16
    • June 17 Paulina Rubio, Mexican singer
    • June 20 Josh Lucas, American actor
    • June 21 Anette Olzon, Swedish singer (Nightwish, Alyson Avenue)
    • June 22 Kurt Warner, American football player[88]
    • June 24
      • Thomas Helveg, Danish footballer
      • Ji Jin-hee, South Korean actor
    • June 25
      • Angela Kinsey, American actress
      • Neil Lennon, Northern Irish footballer and manager
    • June 26 Max Biaggi, Italian motorcycle racer
    • June 27 King Dipendra of Nepal (d. 2001)[89]
    • June 28
      • Fabien Barthez, French football player
      • Kenny Cunningham, Irish football player
      • Elon Musk, South African-born, American entrepreneur and investor[90]
      • Neil Tamoria, A Filipino gossiper
      • Aileen Quinn, American actress
    • June 30
      • Monica Potter, American actress
      • Agvaansamdangiin Sükhbat, Mongolian wrestler

    July

    Julian Assange
    Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi
    • July 1
      • Julianne Nicholson, American actress
      • Amira Casar, French actress
      • Missy Elliott, African-American rapper and singer-songwriter
    • July 3
      • Julian Assange, Australian activist[91]
      • Benedict Wong, English actor
    • July 7 Christian Camargo, American actor, producer, writer and director
    • July 8
      • Marc Andreessen, American software developer
      • Marcel Blaguet Ledjou, Ivorian Chairman of the Africa Scout Committee
      • Scott Grimes, American actor
      • John Juanda, Indonesian-American professional poker player
    • July 11
      • Brett Hauer, American ice hockey player
      • Park Hyuk-kwon, South Korean actor
    • July 12 Kristi Yamaguchi, American figure skater
    • July 13 MF Doom, British rapper (d. 2020)[92]
    • July 14
    • July 16 Corey Feldman, American actor
    • July 17
      • Cory Doctorow, Canadian author and activist[94]
      • Benjamin Herrmann, German film producer and distributor
    • July 18
      • Penny Hardaway, American basketball player[95]
      • Sukhwinder Singh, Indian playback singer
    • July 19 Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer and politician
    • July 20 Sandra Oh, Korean actress
    • July 21 Charlotte Gainsbourg, French actress and singer-songwriter
    • July 23
    • July 26 Khaled Mahmud, Bangladeshi cricketer
    • July 28 Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, Iraqi Islamic extremist leader (d. 2019)
    • July 30 Mzukisi Sikali, South African triple world champion boxer (d. 2005)[97]

    August

    Juan Camilo Mouriño
    Justin Theroux
    Peter Franzén
    • August 1 Juan Camilo Mouriño, Mexican politician (d. 2008)[98]
    • August 4Jeff Gordon, American race car driver
    • August 5Valdis Dombrovskis, Latvian Prime Minister and European Commissioner[99]
    • August 6 – Yo-Yo, African-American rapper
    • August 9 James Kim, American television personality and technology analyst (d. 2006)
    • August 10
      • Fábio Assunção, Brazilian actor
      • Roy Keane, Irish footballer and manager
      • Mario César Kindelán Mesa, Cuban amateur boxer
      • Justin Theroux, American actor
    • August 12
      • Yvette Nicole Brown, African-American actress and comedian
      • Michael Ian Black, American actor and comedian
      • Pete Sampras, American tennis player[100]
    • August 13
      • Moritz Bleibtreu, German actor
      • Heike Makatsch, German actress
    • August 14 – Peter Franzén, Finnish actor[101][102]
    • August 17
      • Anthony Kearns, Irish tenor
      • Jorge Posada, Puerto Rican baseball player
    • August 18 Aphex Twin, Irish-born British electronic musician
    • August 20
      • Jonathan Ke Quan, Vietnamese actor
      • David Walliams, British actor, author and comedian
    • August 21 Robert Harvey, Australian rules footballer
    • August 22
      • Richard Armitage, English actor
      • Benoît Violier, French-born chef (d. 2016)
    • August 25 Ayumi Miyazaki, Japanese singer
    • August 26 Thalía, Mexican actress and singer
    • August 27 Julian Cheung, Hong Kong actor and singer
    • August 28 Janet Evans, American swimmer[103]
    • August 29 Carla Gugino, American actress
    • August 31
      • Pádraig Harrington, Irish golfer
      • Chris Tucker, African-American actor and comedian
      • Alicia Villarreal, Mexican singer and songwriter

    September

    Dolores O'Riordan
    Martin Freeman

    October

    Kevin Richardson
    • October 2
      • Xavier Naidoo, German singer
      • Tiffany, American singer
      • Jim Root, American guitarist (Slipknot, ex-Stone Sour)
    • October 3 Kevin Richardson, American pop singer
    • October 4 Ridwan Kamil, Indonesian architect, politician and current governor of West Java
    • October 6 Emily Mortimer, English actress and screenwriter
    • October 7
      • Yelena Shevchenko, Soviet gymnast
      • Melinda Schneider, Australian singer and songwriter
    • October 8 Mayrín Villanueva, Mexican actress and model
    • October 10 Evgeny Kissin, Russian pianist[105]
    • October 11 Aman Verma, Indian television anchor and actor
    • October 12 Đàm Vĩnh Hưng, Vietnamese singer
    • October 13
    • October 14 Jorge Costa, Portuguese footballer
    • October 17 Andy Whitfield, Welsh actor and model (d. 2011)
    • October 18 Yoo Sang-chul, South Korean footballer and manager (d. 2021)
    • October 20
      • Snoop Dogg, African-American rapper, singer, songwriter, producer, media personality, entrepreneur, and actor
      • Dannii Minogue, Australian singer
    • October 22 – Jennifer Lee (filmmaker), American screenwriter, director, Chief Creative Officer of Walt Disney Animation Studios
    • October 23 Bohuslav Sobotka, 11th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
    • October 24
      • Caprice Bourret, American model and actress
      • Gustavo Jorge, Argentina rugby union player
      • Diane Guthrie-Gresham, Jamaican track and field athletes
    • October 25
      • Athena Chu, Hong Kong actress and singer[106]
      • Midori Gotō, Japanese violinist[107]
      • Pedro Martínez, Dominican baseball player
      • Craig Robinson, African-American actor, comedian and singer
    • October 26 Anthony Rapp, American actor and singer
    • October 29
      • Chiara Badano, Italian Roman Catholic religious teenager and blessed (d. 1990)
      • Matthew Hayden, Australian cricketer
      • Ma Huateng, Chinese business magnate, founder of TenCent
      • Winona Ryder, American actress[108]

    November

    Tabu
    Joel McHale

    December

    Justin Trudeau

    Deaths

    Deaths
    January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

    January

    February

    Mátyás Rákosi

    March

    Arne Jacobsen

    April

    T. V. Soong

    May

    Glenda Farrell
    Chips Rafferty
    • May 1 – Glenda Farrell, American actress (b. 1904)
    • May 6 – Helene Weigel, German actress (b. 1900)[139]
    • May 8
      • Godfrey Huggins, 1st Viscount Malvern, English-born Rhodesian politician and physician, Prime Minister of Rhodesia (b. 1883)
      • Frederick Sheffield, American Olympic rower (b. 1902)
    • May 11 – Seán Lemass, 4th Taoiseach of Ireland (b. 1899)
    • May 12 – Tor Johnson, Swedish wrestler and actor (b. 1903)
    • May 19 – Ogden Nash, American poet (b. 1902)[140]
    • May 27 – Chips Rafferty, Australian actor (b. 1909)
    • May 28
      • Kim Iryeop, Korean writer, journalist, feminist activist, Buddhist nun (b. 1896)
      • Audie Murphy, American World War II hero and actor (b. 1925)
      • Jean Vilar, French stage actor (b. 1912)
    • May 30 – Marcel Dupré, French composer (b. 1886)

    June

    Michael Rennie
    Wendell Meredith Stanley

    July

    Van Heflin

    August

    Paul Lukas
    Margaret Bourke-White
    • August 5 – Royal Rife, American inventor (b. 1888)
    • August 11 – Sir John Burton Cleland, Australian naturalist, microbiologist, mycologist and ornithologist (b. 1878)
    • August 13 – King Curtis, American saxophonist (b. 1934)
    • August 15 – Paul Lukas, Hungarian-born American actor (b. 1894)
    • August 17Wilhelm List, German field marshal (b. 1880)
    • August 21 – George Jackson, American author (b. 1941)
    • August 24 – Carl Blegen, American archaeologist (b. 1887)
    • August 25 – Ted Lewis, American musician and entertainer (b. 1890)
    • August 27 – Margaret Bourke-White, American photographer (b. 1904)
    • August 28 – Geoffrey Lawrence, 1st Baron Oaksey, British judge during the Nuremberg trials after World War II (b. 1880)

    September

    Billy Gilbert

    October

    Arne Tiselius

    November

    Martha Vickers
    Guillermo León Valencia
    József Zakariás

    December

    Ralph Bunche
    Roy O. Disney
    Jo Cals

    Nobel Prizes

    References

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    2. Wamsley, Laurel (February 15, 2021). "U.K. And Ireland Celebrate 50 Years Since 'Decimal Day'". NPR. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
    3. "One Man's Mistake Triggers U.S. Alert; Many Stations Go Off Air", Los Angeles Times, February 21, 1971, p1
    4. Fulghum, David; Maitland, Terrence (1984). The Vietnam Experience South Vietnam on Trial: Mid-1970–1972. Boston Publishing Company. p. 61. ISBN 0939526107.
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    9. International Relations of Bangladesh and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: 1971-1973. Parama. 1999. ISBN 9789848245316.
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    11. Background Notes, Sierra Leone. U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication. 1992. p. 5.
    12. "Soviet Sends Another Space Vehicle Into Orbit", The New York Times, April 19, 1971, p4
    13. R. Barri Flowers (2001). Murders in the United States: Crimes, Killers, and Victims of the Twentieth Century. R. Barri Flowers. p. 134.
    14. "Lon Nol Resigns, Blaming Health", The New York Times, April 20, 1971, p1
    15. Joseph Jermiah Zasloff; Allan E. Goodman (1972). Indochina in Conflict: A Political Assessment. Lexington Books. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-669-81539-9.
    16. "History:NPR". NPR. June 20, 2013. Retrieved July 22, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
    17. Alusine Jalloh (1999). African Entrepreneurship. Ohio University Press. p. 252. ISBN 978-0-89680-207-0.
    18. "200,000 Rally in Capital to End War", by James M. Naughton, The New York Times, April 25, 1971, p1
    19. "Zhivkov Renamed as Head of Communists in Bulgaria", The New York Times, April 26, 1971, p2
    20. Radio Free Europe Research: East Europe. Situation report. Bulgaria. Radio Free Europe. 1971. p. 69.
    21. "President Jonas of Austria Is Re-Elected", The New York Times, April 26, 1971, p3
    22. "Turkey Imposes Martial Law in 11 Areas", The New York Times, April 27, 1971, p
    23. Council of Europe (1973). Procedure and Practice [of] the Consultative Assembly. The Council. p. 252.
    24. Ziobro, Paul (October 17, 2019). "Fred Smith Created FedEx. Now He Has to Reinvent It". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
    25. "Illinois Train Accident Kills 10". The New York Times. June 11, 1971. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
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    27. "Introduction to the Court Opinion on the New York Times Co. v. United States Case". Archived from the original on December 4, 2005.
    28. "Okinawa Reversion Agreement 1971". the ryukyu-okinawa history and culture website. June 17, 1971. Archived from the original on October 4, 2010. Retrieved October 4, 2010.
    29. Hart, Michael (August 1992). "The History and Philosophy of Project Gutenberg". Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 5, 2011..
    30. Donald Taylor (2005). Launching Out Into the Deep: The Anglican Church in the History of the Seychelles to 2000 AD. Board of Church Commissioners, Diocese of Seychelles. p. 620. ISBN 978-99931-66-01-6.
    31. "A government hijacking". Flight International. July 29, 1971. p. 150. Archived from the original on March 11, 2012. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
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