1888

1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1888th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 888th year of the 2nd millennium, the 88th year of the 19th century, and the 9th year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1888, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1888 in topic
Humanities
Archaeology – Architecture – Art
Film - Literature – Music - (jazz)
By country
Australia – Belgium – Brazil – Bulgaria – Canada – Denmark – France – Germany – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Philippines – Portugal – Russia – South Africa – Spain – Sweden – United Kingdom – United States – Venezuela
Other topics
Rail transport – Science – Sports
Lists of leaders
Sovereign states – State leaders – Territorial governors – Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
1888 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1888
MDCCCLXXXVIII
Ab urbe condita2641
Armenian calendar1337
ԹՎ ՌՅԼԷ
Assyrian calendar6638
Baháʼí calendar44–45
Balinese saka calendar1809–1810
Bengali calendar1295
Berber calendar2838
British Regnal year51 Vict. 1 – 52 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2432
Burmese calendar1250
Byzantine calendar7396–7397
Chinese calendar丁亥年 (Fire Pig)
4584 or 4524
    — to —
戊子年 (Earth Rat)
4585 or 4525
Coptic calendar1604–1605
Discordian calendar3054
Ethiopian calendar1880–1881
Hebrew calendar5648–5649
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1944–1945
 - Shaka Samvat1809–1810
 - Kali Yuga4988–4989
Holocene calendar11888
Igbo calendar888–889
Iranian calendar1266–1267
Islamic calendar1305–1306
Japanese calendarMeiji 21
(明治２１年)
Javanese calendar1817–1818
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4221
Minguo calendar24 before ROC
民前24年
Nanakshahi calendar420
Thai solar calendar2430–2431
Tibetan calendar阴火猪年
(female Fire-Pig)
2014 or 1633 or 861
    — to —
阳土鼠年
(male Earth-Rat)
2015 or 1634 or 862
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1888.

In Germany, 1888 is known as the Year of the Three Emperors. Currently, it is the year that, when written in Roman numerals, has the most digits (13). The next year that also has 13 digits is the year 2388. The record will be surpassed as late as 2888, which has 14 digits.

Events

January–March
March 11: Great Blizzard of 1888.

April–June
  • April 3
    • London prostitute Emma Elizabeth Smith is brutally attacked by two or three men, dying of her injuries the following day, first of the Whitechapel murders, but probably not a victim of Jack the Ripper.
    • The Brighton Beach Hotel in Coney Island (New York) is moved 520 ft (160 m), using six steam locomotives, by civil engineer B. C. Miller, to save it from ocean storms.
  • April 6 – The first New Year's Day is observed, of the solar calendar adopted by Siamese King Chulalongkorn, with the 106th anniversary of Bangkok's founding in 1782 as its epoch (reference date).
  • April 11 – The Concertgebouw orchestra in Amsterdam is inaugurated.
  • April 16 – The German Empire annexes the island of Nauru.
  • April 18 - Westminster School is founded in Simsbury, Connecticut
  • April 21 – The Texas State Capitol building, completed at a cost of $3 million, opens to the public in Austin.
  • May 1 – Fort Belknap Indian Reservation is established by the United States Congress.
  • May 8 – The International Exhibition of Science, Art and Industry in Kelvingrove Park, Glasgow opens (continues to November).
  • May 10 – Nippon Oil Corporation, as predecessor of Eneos, a petroleum and gas energy brand in Japan, founded in Niigata Prefecture.[1]
  • May 12 – The North Borneo Chartered Company's territories (including Sabah) become the British protectorate of North Borneo.
  • May 13 – In Brazil, the Lei Áurea abolishes the last remnants of slavery.
  • May 28
    • In Scotland, Celtic F.C. plays its first official match, winning 5–2 against Rangers F.C.
    • The comic novel The Diary of a Nobody by brothers George and Weedon Grossmith first appeared in serial form in Punch.[2][3]
  • May 30 – Hong Kong's Peak Tram begins operation.
  • June 2 – Edward King (bishop of Lincoln) in England is called to account for using ritualistic practices in Anglican worship.[4]
  • June 3
    • The Kingdom of Sedang is formed, in modern-day Vietnam.
    • American writer Ernest Thayer's baseball poem "Casey at the Bat" is first published (under the pen name "Phin") as the last of his humorous contributions to The San Francisco Examiner.
  • June 14 – The White Rajahs territories become the British protectorate of Sarawak.
  • June 15 – Wilhelm II becomes German Emperor and King of Prussia; 1888 is the Year of the Three Emperors.
  • June 19 – In Chicago, the Republican Convention opens at the Auditorium Building. Benjamin Harrison and Levi P. Morton win the nominations for President and Vice President of the United States, respectively.
  • June 29 – Handel's Israel in Egypt is recorded onto wax cylinder at The Crystal Palace in London, the earliest known recording of classical music.
  • June 30 – The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom opens its laboratory, on Plymouth Hoe.

July–September
August 31: Victim found from Jack the Ripper?
  • July 2–27 – London matchgirls strike of 1888: About 200 workers, mainly teenaged girls, strike following the dismissal of three colleagues from the Bryant and May match factory, precipitated by an article on their working conditions published on June 23 by campaigning journalist Annie Besant, and the workers unionise on July 27.[5]
  • July 15 – According to Japanese government official confirmed report, A large scale of erupt and ash smoke hit around Mount Bandai area, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, more than 477 persons were fatalities.[6]
  • July 25 – Frank Edward McGurrin, a court stenographer from Salt Lake City, Utah, purportedly the only person using touch typing at this time, wins a decisive victory over Louis Traub in a typing contest held in Cincinnati, Ohio. This date can be called the birthday of the touch typing method that is widely used now.
  • August 1 – Carl Benz gets first worldwide driving licence by Grand Duchy of Baden.
  • August 5 – Bertha Benz arrives in Pforzheim having driven 40 miles (64 km) from Mannheim in a car manufactured by her husband Karl Benz, thus completing the first "long-distance" drive in the history of the automobile.
  • August 7 – Whitechapel murders: The body of London prostitute Martha Tabram is found, a possible victim of Jack the Ripper.[7]
  • August 9
    • A fire destroys the Main Building, the heart of Wells College in Aurora, New York, causing a loss of $130,000.[8]
    • The Oaths Act permits the oath of allegiance taken to the Sovereign by Members of Parliament (MPs) to be affirmed, rather than sworn to God, thus confirming the ability of atheists to sit in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
  • August 10 – Dr Friedrich Hermann Wölfert’s motorised airship successfully completes the world’s first engine-driven flight, from Cannstatt to Kornwestheim in Germany.[9]
  • August 13 – The Local Government Act, effective from 1889, establishes county councils and county borough councils in England and Wales, redraws some county boundaries, and gives women the vote in local elections. It also declares that "bicycles, tricycles, velocipedes, and other similar machines" be carriages within the meaning of the Highway Acts (which remains the case), and requires that they give audible warning when overtaking "any cart or carriage, or any horse, mule, or other beast of burden, or any foot passenger", a rule abolished in 1930.
  • August 20 – A mutiny at Dufile, Equatoria, results in the imprisonment of the Emin Pasha.
  • August 22 - Earliest evidence of a death and injury by a meteorite in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  • August 24 –The first trams in Tallinn (Reval), horsecars, begin operation.
  • August 28 – The longest date in Roman numerals (XXVIII-VIII-MDCCCLXXXVIII) occurs.
  • August 31 – Whitechapel murders: The mutilated body of London prostitute Mary Ann Nichols is found; she is considered the first victim of Jack the Ripper.
  • September 4 – In the United States, George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak, and receives a patent for his camera, which uses roll film.
  • September 4 – Mohandas Gandhi embarks on the S.S. Clyde from Bombay for London.
  • September 6 – Charles Turner becomes the first bowler in cricket to take 250 wickets in an English season – a feat since accomplished only by Tom Richardson (twice), J. T. Hearne, Wilfred Rhodes (twice) and Tich Freeman (six times).
  • September 8
    • The Great Herding (Spanish: El Gran Arreo) begins with thousands of sheep beeng herded from the Argentine outpost of Fortín Conesa to Santa Cruz near the Strait of Magellan.[10]
    • Whitechapel murders: The mutilated body of London prostitute Annie Chapman is found (considered to be the second victim of Jack the Ripper).
    • In England, the first six Football League matches are played.[7]
    • In a letter accepting renomination as President of the United States, Grover Cleveland declares the Chinese "impossible of assimilation with our people and dangerous to our peace and welfare".
  • September 17 Las Cruces College (later New Mexico State University) is founded in Las Cruces, New Mexico.
  • September 27
    • Whitechapel murders: The 'Dear Boss letter' signed "Jack the Ripper", the first time the name is used, is received by London's Central News Agency.[7]
    • Stanley Park is officially opened by Vancouver (B.C.) mayor David Oppenheimer.
  • September 30 – Whitechapel murders: The bodies of London prostitutes Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes, the latter mutilated, are found. They are generally considered Jack the Ripper's third and fourth victims, respectively.

October–December
  • October 1 – Sofia University officially opens, becoming the first university in liberated Bulgaria.
  • October 2 – The Whitehall Mystery: Dismembered remains of a woman's body are discovered at three central London locations, one being the construction site of the police headquarters at New Scotland Yard.
  • October 9 – The Washington Monument officially opens to the general public, in Washington, D.C.
    October 9: Washington Monument opens.
  • October 14
    • Louis Le Prince films the first motion picture: Roundhay Garden Scene in Roundhay, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, two seconds and 18 frames in length (followed by his movie Leeds Bridge).
    • Battle of Guté Dili: Seeking to extend Mahdist control over what is now southwestern Ethiopia, governor Khalil al-Khuzani is routed by an alliance of Shewan forces, under Ras Gobana Dacche and Moroda Bekere, ruler of Leqa Naqamte. Only a handful, including Khalil, barely manage to flee the battlefield.
  • October 25 – St Cuthbert's Society at the University of Durham in England is founded, after a general meeting chaired by the Reverend Hastings Rashdall.
  • October 30 – The Rudd Concession, a written concession for exclusive mining rights in Matabeleland, Mashonaland and adjoining territories, is granted by King Lobengula of Matabeleland to Charles Rudd, James Rochfort Maguire and Francis Thompson, who are acting on behalf of South African-based politician and businessman Cecil Rhodes, providing a basis for white settlement of Rhodesia.
  • November 6 – 1888 United States presidential election: Democratic Party incumbent Grover Cleveland wins the popular vote, but loses the Electoral College vote to Republican challenger Benjamin Harrison, therefore losing the election.
  • November 8 – Joseph Assheton Fincher files a patent in the United Kingdom for the parlour game which he calls "Tiddledy-Winks".
  • November 9 – Whitechapel murders: The mutilated body of London prostitute Mary Jane Kelly is found. She is considered to be the fifth, and last, of Jack the Ripper's victims. A number of similar murders in England follow, but the police attribute them to copy-cat killers.
  • November 16 – First signs of famine in Ethiopia, caused by drought combined with early spread of the 1890s African rinderpest epizootic.
  • November 20 – The first St V parade by students is held in Brussels.
  • November 27 – International sorority Delta Delta Delta is founded at Boston University in the United States.
  • November 29 – The celebration of Thanksgiving (United States) and the first day of Hanukkah coincide.
  • December 7 – John Boyd Dunlop patents the pneumatic bicycle tyre in the United Kingdom.
  • December 17 – The Lyric Theatre (London) opens.
  • December 18 – Richard Wetherill and his brother-in-law discover the Indian ruins of Mesa Verde in southwestern Colorado.
  • December 23 – During a bout of mental illness (and having quarreled with his friend Paul Gauguin), Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh infamously cuts off the lower part of his own left ear, taking it to a brothel, and is removed to the local hospital in Arles.

Date unknown
  • The dolphin Pelorus Jack is first sighted in Cook Strait, New Zealand.
  • The Camborne School of Mines is founded in Cornwall, England.
  • John Robert Gregg first publishes Gregg shorthand in the United States.
  • Rudyard Kipling's short story collection Plain Tales from the Hills is published in Calcutta, India.
  • The Finnish epic Kalevala is published for the first time in the English language, by American linguist John Martin Crawford.
  • The Baldwin School is founded in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, as "Miss [Florence] Baldwin's School for Girls, Preparatory for Bryn Mawr College".
  • Chin Gee Hee starts the Quong Tuck Company to supply construction workers to North American railroads.
  • G. D. Searle is founded as a pharmaceutical company, originally in Omaha, Nebraska.
  • Katz's Delicatessen is founded in the Lower East Side of Manhattan.
  • First British rugby union tour of Australia and New Zealand.
  • A worldwide Health care and pharmaceutical brand, Abbott Laboratories founded in Illinois, United States. As predecessor name was Abbott Alkaloidal.[11]

Births

January–February
Carlos Quintanilla
Otto Stern

March–April
Ilo Wallace
  • March 1 – Ewart Astill, English cricketer (Leicestershire) (d. 1948)
  • March 4 – Knute Rockne, American football player, coach (d. 1931)
  • March 7
    • William L. Laurence, American journalist (d. 1977)
    • Claude Roger-Marx, French writer (d. 1977)
  • March 10
    • Barry Fitzgerald, Irish actor (d. 1961)
    • Ilo Wallace, Second Lady of the United States (d. 1981)
  • March 16 – Anton Köllisch, German chemist noted for synthesising MDMA (d. 1916)
  • March 17 – Paul Ramadier, Prime Minister of France (d. 1961)
  • March 26 – Elsa Brändström, Swedish nurse (d. 1948)
  • March 28 – Léon Noël, French diplomat, politician and historian (d. 1987)
  • March 29
    • Enea Bossi, Sr., Italian-born American aerospace engineer, aviation pioneer (d. 1963)
    • James E. Casey, American founder of the United Parcel Service (d. 1983)
  • March 30 – Anna Q. Nilsson, Swedish-American silent film star (d. 1974)
  • April 1 – Terry de la Mesa Allen, Sr., American general (d. 1969)
  • April 2 – Sir Neville Cardus, British cricket, music writer (d. 1975)
  • April 3 – Thomas C. Kinkaid, American admiral (d. 1972)
  • April 4
    • Tris Speaker, American professional baseball player, member of the Baseball Hall of Fame (d. 1958)
    • Zdzisław Żygulski, Sr., Polish literary historian (d. 1975)
  • April 6
    • Hans Richter, German filmmaker (d. 1976)
    • Gerhard Ritter, German historian (d. 1967)
  • April 12 – Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, 28th president of Ecuador (d. 1952)
  • April 18 – Duffy Lewis, American Major League Baseball player (d. 1979)
  • April 26 – Anita Loos, American writer (d. 1981)
  • April 27 – Florence La Badie, Canadian actress (d. 1917)

May–June
David Dougal Williams (artist)
  • May 8 – Maurice Boyau, French World War I fighter ace (d. 1918)
  • May 9 – Francesco Baracca, Italian World War I fighter ace (d. 1918)
  • May 10 – Max Steiner, Austrian-American composer (d. 1971)
  • May 11
  • May 13 – Inge Lehmann, Danish seismologist, geophysicist (d. 1993)
  • May 17 – Tich Freeman, English cricketer (d. 1965)
  • May 18 – William Hood Simpson, American general (d. 1980)
  • May 23 – Zack Wheat, American Baseball Hall of Famer (d. 1972)
  • May 24 – Stanley Sylvester Alexander Watkins, English talking pictures pioneer
  • May 25
    • Harukichi Hyakutake, Japanese general (d. 1947)
    • Miles Malleson, English actor (d. 1969)
  • May 27 – Louis Durey, French composer (d. 1979)
  • May 28 – Kaarel Eenpalu, Prime Minister of Estonia (d. 1942)
  • May 31 – Jack Holt, American actor (d. 1951)
  • June – David Dougal Williams, English-born painter and art teacher working in Scotland (d. 1944)
  • June 3 – Tom Brown, American jazz musician (d. 1958)
  • June 5 – Armand Annet, French colonial official (d. 1973)
  • June 6 – Pete Wendling, American composer, pianist and piano roll recording artist (d. 1974)
  • June 9 – Ida Rentoul Outhwaite, Australian illustrator (d. 1960)
  • June 13 – Fernando Pessoa, Portuguese writer (d. 1935)
  • June 16 – Peter Stoner, American mathematician, astronomer and Christian apologist (d. 1980)
  • June 17 – Heinz Guderian, German general (d. 1954)
  • June 21 – Cecil King, New Zealand rugby league footballer (d. 1975)
  • June 22
    • Milton Allen, Governor of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (d. 1981)
    • Harold Hitz Burton, American politician, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1964)
  • June 23 – F. Ryan Duffy, American judge and politician (d. 1979)
  • June 24
    • Boshirō Hosogaya, Japanese admiral (d. 1964)
    • Gerrit Rietveld, Dutch architect (d. 1964)
  • June 27 – Antoinette Perry, New York stage director for whom the Tony Award is named (d. 1946)
  • June 29 – Joseph 'Squizzy' Taylor, Australian underworld figure (d. 1927)

July–August
Herbert Spencer Gasser
Frits Zernike

September–October
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
Maurice Chevalier
T. S. Eliot
Henry A. Wallace

November–December
Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
Harpo Marx
Oswald Rayner
Gladys Cooper
F. W. Murnau

Date unknown
  • Mariano Andreu, Spanish painter (d. 1976)
  • Tudorancea Ciurea, Romanian general (d. 1971)
  • Traian Cocorăscu, Romanian general (d. 1970)
  • Nicolae Costescu, Romanian general (d. 1963)
  • Ibrahim Hashem, 3-time prime minister of Jordan (d. 1958)
  • Virginia Pereira Álvarez, first Venezuelan woman to study medicine in Venezuela (d. 1947)

Deaths

January–June
Wilhelm I
Ascanio Sobrero
Frederick III

July–December
Paul Langerhans
John Pemberton
Carl Zeiss

Date unknown
Caroline Howard Gilman
  • Caroline Howard Gilman, American author (b. 1794)

References
  1. Coumbe, Albert Thompson (1924). Petroleum in Japan. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 10.
  2. "The Diary of a Nobody". Punch, or the London Charivari. 94: 241. May 26, 1888.
  3. Morton, Peter (Spring 2005). ""The Funniest Book in the World": Waugh and The Diary of a Nobody". The Evelyn Waugh Newsletter and Studies. Leicester: University of Leicester. 36 (1).
  4. Newton, John A. (2004). "King, Edward (1829–1910)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34319. Retrieved October 12, 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  5. "The Match Workers Strike Fund Register". Trades Union Congress Library at the London Metropolitan University. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
  6. 佐藤（2005b）; 北原（1995a）pp.162-165、米地（2006）pp.122-123.
  7. Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  8. "Wells College Destroyed" (PDF). The New York Times. August 10, 1888. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
  9. "The first engine-driven flight". Daimler. Archived from the original on May 9, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  10. Guzmán, Yuyú (March 3, 2007). "Rincón gaucho. Un arreo que extendió la frontera ganadera". La Nación. Retrieved January 20, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. Burrell, Brandon (2013). Abbott Laboratories: Provisioning a Vision. Florida, US: Florida State University.
  12. Ranade 1974, p. 61.
  13. Muscat, Mark Geoffrey (2016). Maltese Architecture 1900–1970: Progress and Innovations. Valletta: Fondazzjoni Patrimonju Malti. p. 72. ISBN 9789990932065.
  14. "Privy Council Appeal No. 90 of 1922, from Bengal Appeal No. 27 of 1919", Case Mine, December 5, 1994, Karimunnessa Khatun and others v. Mahomed Fazlul Karim and others
  15. "Louisa May Alcott | Biography, Childhood, Family, Books, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  16. Cárdenas Álvarez, Renato (January 17, 2005). "La historia del pirata chilote Pedro Ñancúpel" (in Spanish). El Llanquihue. Retrieved January 10, 2019. Cuando es capturado en Melinka ya era una leyenda porque había evadido la persecución.

Bibliography

Further reading and year books
  • 1888 Annual Cyclopedia (1889) highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for year 1888; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage; 831 pp
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.