1889

1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1889th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 889th year of the 2nd millennium, the 89th year of the 19th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1889, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1889 in topic
Humanities
Archaeology – Architecture – Art
Film - Literature – Music - (jazz)
By country
Australia – Belgium – Brazil – Bulgaria – Canada – Denmark – France – Germany – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Philippines – Portugal – Russia – South Africa – Spain – Sweden – United Kingdom – United States – Venezuela
Other topics
Rail transport – Science – Sports
Lists of leaders
Sovereign states – State leaders – Territorial governors – Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
1889 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1889
MDCCCLXXXIX
Ab urbe condita2642
Armenian calendar1338
ԹՎ ՌՅԼԸ
Assyrian calendar6639
Baháʼí calendar45–46
Balinese saka calendar1810–1811
Bengali calendar1296
Berber calendar2839
British Regnal year52 Vict. 1 – 53 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2433
Burmese calendar1251
Byzantine calendar7397–7398
Chinese calendar戊子年 (Earth Rat)
4585 or 4525
    — to —
己丑年 (Earth Ox)
4586 or 4526
Coptic calendar1605–1606
Discordian calendar3055
Ethiopian calendar1881–1882
Hebrew calendar5649–5650
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1945–1946
 - Shaka Samvat1810–1811
 - Kali Yuga4989–4990
Holocene calendar11889
Igbo calendar889–890
Iranian calendar1267–1268
Islamic calendar1306–1307
Japanese calendarMeiji 22
(明治２２年)
Javanese calendar1818–1819
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4222
Minguo calendar23 before ROC
民前23年
Nanakshahi calendar421
Thai solar calendar2431–2432
Tibetan calendar阳土鼠年
(male Earth-Rat)
2015 or 1634 or 862
    — to —
阴土牛年
(female Earth-Ox)
2016 or 1635 or 863
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1889.

Events

January–March
January 30: Rudolf & Maria at Mayerling.
The Eiffel Tower is inaugurated on March 31, thus becoming the tallest structure in the world

April–June
April 22: Land Run
  • April 22 – At high noon in Oklahoma Territory, thousands rush to claim land in the Land Rush of 1889. Within hours the cities of Oklahoma City and Guthrie are formed, with populations of at least 10,000.
  • May – 1889–1890 pandemic of influenza first reported in the city of Bukhara in the Central Asian part of the Russian Empire.[1]
  • May 2 – Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia, signs a treaty of amity with Italy, giving Italy control over what will become Eritrea.
  • May 6 – The Exposition Universelle opens in Paris, with the Eiffel Tower as its entrance arch. The Galerie des machines, at 111 m (364 ft), spans the longest interior space in the world at this time.
  • May 11 – Wham Paymaster robbery: An attack upon a U.S. Army paymaster and escort in the Arizona Territory results in the theft of over $28,000, and the award of two Medals of Honor.
  • May 28 – Rubber tire company Michelin is registered by Édouard and André Michelin in Clermont-Ferrand, France.
  • May 31
    • Johnstown Flood: The South Fork Dam collapses in western Pennsylvania, killing more than 2,200 people in and around Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
    • The Naval Defence Act dictates that the fleet strength of the British Royal Navy must be equal to that of at least any two other countries.[2]
  • June – Vincent van Gogh paints The Starry Night at Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.
  • June 3 – The first long distance electric power transmission line in the United States is completed, running 14 miles (23 km) between a generator at Willamette Falls and downtown Portland, Oregon.
  • June 6 – The Great Seattle Fire ravages through the downtown area without any fatalities.
  • June 12 – The Armagh rail disaster near Armagh in Ireland kills 80 people.
  • June 19 – A Neapolitan baker named Raffaele Esposito invents the Pizza Margherita, named after the queen consort of Italy Margherita of Savoy. This is the forerunner of the modern pizza.
  • June 26 – Bangui is founded in the French Congo.
  • June 28 – The annular solar eclipse of June 28, 1889 is visible in Atlantic Ocean, Africa and Indian Ocean, and is the 47th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 125.
  • June 29–30 – First Inter-Parliamentary Conference held.

July–September
  • July 8
    • The first issue of The Wall Street Journal is published in New York City.
    • The last official bare-knuckle boxing title fight is held (under London Prize Ring Rules): Heavyweight Champion John L. Sullivan, the Boston Strong Boy, defeats Jake Kilrain in a world championship bout, lasting 75 rounds, in Mississippi.
  • July 14 – International Workers Congresses of Paris open, and establish the Second International.
  • July 15 – The Emperor of Brazil, Pedro II, survives an assassination attempt in Rio de Janeiro.
  • July 31 – Louise, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom, marries Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife.
  • August 3 – Mahdist War: Battle of Toski – Egyptian and British troops are victorious.
  • August 4 – The Great Fire of Spokane, Washington destroys some 32 blocks of the city, prompting a mass rebuilding project.
  • August 6 – The Savoy Hotel in London opens.[3]
  • August 10 – At the Vienna Hofburg, the grand opening ceremony is held for the Imperial Natural History Museum (German: K.k. Naturhistorisches Hofmuseum), begun in 1871; from August 13 to the end of December, the museum counts 175,000 visitors.
  • August 14–September 15 – London Dock Strike: Dockers strike for a minimum wage of sixpence an hour (The dockers' tanner), which they eventually receive (a landmark in the development of New Unionism in Britain).[4]
  • August 26 – The Prevention of Cruelty to, and Protection of, Children Act, commonly known as the Children's Charter, is passed in the United Kingdom; for the first time it imposes criminal penalties to deter child abuse.[5]
  • August 30 – The Royal Mail Mount Pleasant Sorting Office officially opens in London.
  • August – The Jewish settlement of Moisés Ville is founded in Argentina.
  • September 10 – Albert Honoré Charles Grimaldi becomes Albert I, Prince of Monaco.
  • September 17 – Civil War veteran Charles Jefferson Wright founds New York Military Academy, with 75 students on 30 acres (120,000 m2) of land in Cornwall, New York.
September 23: Nintendo founded as a playing card manufacturer

October–December

Date unknown
Panama, yellow fever
  • Yellow fever interrupts the building of the Panama Canal.
  • A huge locust swarm crosses the Red Sea and destroys crops in the Nile Valley.
  • Frederick Abel invents cordite.
  • An early method of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission, as developed by the Swiss engineer René Thury,[8] is implemented commercially in Italy by the Acquedotto de Ferrari-Galliera Company. This system transmits 630 kW at 14 kV DC over a distance of 120 km (75 mi).[9][10]
Capilano Bridge.
  • The Capilano Suspension Bridge (the longest suspension foot-bridge in the world) is opened in British Columbia.
  • Schools founded include:
  • Samuel Marinus Zwemer co-founds the American Arabian Mission.[11]
  • The Indian Religious Code is created, which forbids Native Americans to practice their religions.
  • The first West Virginia tornado is recorded.
  • Brook trout introduced into the upper Firehole River, Yellowstone National Park.
  • The Wisden Cricketers' Almanack publishes its first Wisden Cricketers of the Year (actually titled Six Great Bowlers Of The Year). The cricketers chosen are George Lohmann, Bobby Peel, Johnny Briggs, Charles Turner, John Ferris and Sammy Woods.

Births

January

February
Ernest Tyldesley

March
Oren E. Long
  • March 1
    • Kanoko Okamoto, Japanese novelist, poet and Buddhist scholar (d. 1939)
    • Watsuji Tetsuro, Japanese philosopher (d. 1960)
  • March 4
    • Oren E. Long, American politician, 10th Governor of Hawai'i (d. 1965)
    • Pearl White, American silent film actress (d. 1938)
  • March 6 – William D. Francis, Australian botanist (d. 1959)
  • March 7 – Godfrey Chevalier, American naval aviation pioneer (d. 1922)
  • March 15 – Hiroaki Abe, Japanese admiral (d. 1949)
  • March 16 – Reggie Walker, South African athlete (d. 1951)
  • March 21 – Aleksandr Vertinsky, Russian singer, actor (d. 1957)
  • March 24 – Albert Hill, British athlete (d. 1969)
  • March 29 – Warner Baxter, American actor (d. 1951)
  • March 30 – Herman Bing, German-American character, voice actor (d. 1947)
  • March 31 – Muriel Hazel Wright, Oklahoma author, historian (d. 1975)

April
Charlie Chaplin
Adolf Hitler
Manuel Prado Ugarteche

May
Ouyang Yuqian
Igor Sikorsky
  • May 3
    • Beulah Bondi, American actress (d. 1981)
    • Gottfried Fuchs, German-Canadian Olympic soccer player (d. 1972)
  • May 9 – Constantin S. Constantin, Romanian general (d. 1948)
  • May 12
    • Otto Frank, German publisher, businessman, father of Anne Frank (d. 1980)
    • Abelardo L. Rodríguez, Mexican professional baseball player, general and substitute President of Mexico, 1932-1934 (d. 1967)[13]
    • Ouyang Yuqian, Chinese playwright, director and Peking opera performer (d. 1962)
  • May 18 – Thomas Midgley Jr., American chemist, inventor (d. 1944)
  • May 21 – Bernard Rawlings, British admiral (d. 1962)
  • May 23 – Carlo Braga, Filipino Roman Catholic priest, archbishop and servant of God (d. 1971)
  • May 25
  • May 31 – Charles Gordon Bell, British pilot (d. 1918)

June
Beno Gutenberg
  • June 2
    • Margaret Theadora Allan BEM, Australian community worker and organizing secretary for the Traveller' Aid Society of New South Wales (d. 1968)
    • Martha Wentworth, American actress (d. 1974)
  • June 4
    • Henry F. Phillips, American businessman, inventor (d. 1958)
    • Beno Gutenberg, German-American seismologist (d. 1960)
  • June 10 – Sessue Hayakawa, Japanese actor, film director (d. 1973)
  • June 13
    • Amadeo Bordiga, Italian Marxist theorist, politician (d. 1970)
    • Adolphe Pégoud, French acrobatic pilot, World War I fighter ace (d. 1915)
  • June 21 – Ralph Craig, American athlete (d. 1972)
  • June 23 – Anna Akhmatova, Russian poet (d. 1966)[14]
  • June 25 – John Morton-Finney, American civil rights activist, lawyer and educator (d. 1998)
  • June 27 – Moroni Olsen, American actor (d. 1954)
  • June 28 – Frank Mayo, American actor (d. 1963)

July
Jean Cocteau
Ante Pavelić

August
  • August 5 – Conrad Aiken, American writer (d. 1973)[17]
  • August 6 – George Kenney, World War II United States Army Air Forces general (d. 1977)
  • August 10 – Norman Scott, American admiral, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1942)
  • August 11 – William Ronald Dodds Fairbairn Scottish psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and a central figure in the development of the object relations theory of psychoanalysis (d. 1942)
  • August 15 – Marthe Richard, French prostitute, spy and politician (d. 1982)
  • August 21 – Sir Richard O'Connor, British general in World War II (d. 1981)
  • August 25 – Ioan Dumitrache, Romanian general (d. 1977)
  • August 29
    • Joseph Egger, Austrian character actor (d. 1966)
    • Alfredo Obviar, Filipino Roman Catholic bishop and Servant of God (d. 1978)

September

October
Carl von Ossietzky

November
Claude Rains
Jawaharlal Nehru

December
Robert Maestri
  • December 1 – Vasily Blyukher, Soviet general, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1938)
  • December 2 – Oei Hui-lan (Madame Wellington Koo), Chinese-Indonesian socialite and First Lady of the Republic of China (d. 1992)
  • December 3 – Walton Walker, American general (d. 1950)
  • December 4 – Isabel Randolph, American actress (d. 1973)
  • December 9
    • Hannes Kolehmainen, Finnish Olympic athletic (d. 1966)
    • Shigeyoshi Inoue, Japanese admiral (d. 1975)
  • December 11
    • Walter Knott, American farmer, creator of Knott's Berry Farm (d. 1981)
    • Robert Maestri, 53rd Mayor of New Orleans (d. 1974)
  • December 18 – Juho Heiskanen, Finnish general (d. 1950)
  • December 23 – Daniel E. Barbey, American admiral (d. 1969)
  • December 30 – Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, Mexican politician and president (1952-1958) who granted women the right to vote. (d. 1973)[20]

Date unknown
  • Nezihe Muhiddin, Turkish women's rights activist, suffragette, journalist, writer and political leader (d. 1958)
  • Reşit Süreyya Gürsey, Turkish intellectual, MD and physicist (d.1962)
  • Nellie Yu Roung Ling, Chinese dancer, former lady-in-waiting in Qing imperial court

Deaths

January–June
Belle Starr
Youssef Bey Karam
Father Damien

July–December
James Prescott Joule
August Ahlqvist

References
  1. Ryan, Jeffrey R., ed. (2008). "Past Pandemics and Their Outcome". Pandemic Influenza: Emergency Planning and Community Preparedness. CRC Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-42006088-1.
  2. Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 315–316. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  3. Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  4. "The Great Dock Strike". PortCities project. Archived from the original on February 25, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  5. Batty, David (May 18, 2005). "Timeline: a history of child protection". The Guardian. Retrieved September 15, 2010.
  6. "The Historical Don". Retrieved May 15, 2015.
  7. Hilton, George W.; Due, John F. (2000). The Electric Interurban Railways in America. Stanford University Press. p. 9.
  8. Donald Beaty et al., "Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers 11th Ed.", McGraw Hill, 1978
  9. "ACW's Insulator Info - Book Reference Info - History of Electrical Systems and Cables". www.myinsulators.com.
  10. R. M. Black The History of Electric Wires and Cables, Peter Perigrinus, London 1983 ISBN 0-86341-001-4 pages 94–96
  11. "Zigzag Journeys in the Camel Country: Arabia in Picture and Story". World Digital Library. 1911. Retrieved September 22, 2013.
  12. Marjorie Agosin; Marjorie Agosín (2003). Gabriela Mistral: The Audacious Traveler. Ohio University Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-89680-230-8.
  13. "Abelardo L. Rodríguez" (in Spanish). Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  14. Анна Андреевна Ахматова (1990). Полное Собрание Стихотворений. Zephyr Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-939010-13-4.
  15. Gale Cengage (2002). Modern French Poets. Gale Group. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-7876-5252-4.
  16. John Arthur Garraty; Mark Christopher Carnes (1999). American National Biography. Oxford University Press. p. 703. ISBN 978-0-19-512787-4.
  17. Conrad Aiken; Malcolm Lowry (1992). The Letters of Conrad Aiken and Malcolm Lowry, 1929-1954. ECW Press. p. xi. ISBN 978-1-55022-168-8.
  18. Joy A. Palmer; David E. Cooper; David Cooper (September 11, 2002). Fifty Key Thinkers on the Environment. Routledge. p. 189. ISBN 978-1-134-75624-7.
  19. World Biography. Institute for Research in Biography. 1954. p. 568.
  20. "Adolfo Ruiz Cortines" (in Spanish). Biografias y Vidas. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
  21. "Youssef Bey Karam on Ehden Family Tree website". Archived from the original on March 29, 2019. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  22. "BIOGRAFÍA DE SEBASTIÁN LERDO DE TEJADA" (in Spanish). Historia-Biografia.com. October 29, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
  23. John Gilroy (2007). Gerard Manley Hopkins: Selected Poems. Humanities-Ebooks. p. 19.
  24. Burnett R. Toskey (1983). Concertos for Violin and Viola: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia. B.R. Toskey. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-9601054-8-9.
  25. "Authors : Villiers de L'Isle-Adam: SFE: Science Fiction Encyclopedia". www.sf-encyclopedia.com. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
  26. William Baker (2002). Wilkie Collins's Library: A Reconstruction. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-313-31394-3.
  27. David Mason Greene; Constance Green (1985). Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers. Reproducing Piano Roll Fnd. p. 626. ISBN 978-0-385-14278-6.
  28. Merriam-Webster, Inc; MERRIAM-WEBSTER STAFF; Encyclopaedia Britannica Publishers, Inc. Staff (1995). Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature. Merriam-Webster. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-87779-042-6.
  29. H. K. Riikonen. "Ahlqvist, August (1826-1889)" (in Finnish). kansallisbiografia. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  30. Donald E. Collins (2005). The Death and Resurrection of Jefferson Davis. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-7425-4304-1.

Further reading and year books
  • 1889 Annual Cyclopedia online, Highly detailed global coverage
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