1815

1815 (MDCCCXV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1815th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 815th year of the 2nd millennium, the 15th year of the 19th century, and the 6th year of the 1810s decade. As of the start of 1815, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1815 in topic
Humanities
Archaeology – Architecture – Art
Film - Literature – Music - (jazz)
By country
Australia – Belgium – Brazil – Bulgaria – Canada – Denmark – France – Germany – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Philippines – Portugal – Russia – South Africa – Spain – Sweden – United Kingdom – United States – Venezuela
Other topics
Rail transport – Science – Sports
Lists of leaders
Sovereign states – State leaders – Territorial governors – Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
1815 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1815
MDCCCXV
Ab urbe condita2568
Armenian calendar1264
ԹՎ ՌՄԿԴ
Assyrian calendar6565
Balinese saka calendar1736–1737
Bengali calendar1222
Berber calendar2765
British Regnal year55 Geo. 3 – 56 Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar2359
Burmese calendar1177
Byzantine calendar7323–7324
Chinese calendar甲戌年 (Wood Dog)
4511 or 4451
    — to —
乙亥年 (Wood Pig)
4512 or 4452
Coptic calendar1531–1532
Discordian calendar2981
Ethiopian calendar1807–1808
Hebrew calendar5575–5576
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1871–1872
 - Shaka Samvat1736–1737
 - Kali Yuga4915–4916
Holocene calendar11815
Igbo calendar815–816
Iranian calendar1193–1194
Islamic calendar1230–1231
Japanese calendarBunka 12
(文化１２年)
Javanese calendar1741–1742
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4148
Minguo calendar97 before ROC
民前97年
Nanakshahi calendar347
Thai solar calendar2357–2358
Tibetan calendar阳木狗年
(male Wood-Dog)
1941 or 1560 or 788
    — to —
阴木猪年
(female Wood-Pig)
1942 or 1561 or 789
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1815.
February 26: Napoleon Bonaparte escapes from Elba

Events

January
  • January 2 – Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, county of Durham, England.
  • January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia.
  • January 8 – Battle of New Orleans: American forces led by Andrew Jackson defeat British forces led by Sir Edward Pakenham. American forces suffer around 60 casualties and the British lose about 2,000 (the battle lasts for about 30 minutes).
  • January 13 – War of 1812: British troops capture Fort Peter in St. Marys, Georgia, the only battle of the war to take place in the state.
  • January 15 – War of 1812: Capture of USS President – American frigate USS President (1800), commanded by Commodore Stephen Decatur, is captured by a squadron of four British frigates.

February
  • February – The Hartford Convention arrives in Washington, D.C.
  • February 3 – The first commercial cheese factory is founded in Switzerland.
  • February 4 – The first Dutch student association, the Groninger Studentencorps Vindicat atque Polit, is founded in the Netherlands. The first rector of the senate is B. J. Winter.
  • February 6 – New Jersey grants the first American railroad charter to John Stevens.
  • February 12 – Atlanta: The first rumors of a human biological weapon surface, when an Atlanta Gazette clerk resigns two days after the typhoid outbreak, and claims he overhead an editor say it was not newsworthy. [[[1]]]
  • February 17 – The Spanish reconquest of Latin America begins.
  • February 18 – The War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom (including Canada) officially ends, following ratification of the Treaty of Ghent (1814) in Washington, D.C.
  • February 26 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon Bonaparte escapes from Elba.

March

April
June 9: The Final Act of the Congress of Vienna is signed.
  • April 5–12 – Mount Tambora in the Dutch East Indies blows its top explosively during an eruption, killing upwards of 92,000, and propelling thousands of tons of aerosols (Sulfide gas compounds) into the upper atmosphere (stratosphere). The high level gases reflect sunlight, and cause the widespread cooling (known as a volcanic winter) and heavy rains of 1816, snows in June and July in the northern hemisphere, widespread crop failures, and subsequently famine, which is why 1816 is later known as the Year Without a Summer.
  • April 21 – The eastern part of the former Garhwal Kingdom is joined with Kumaon division, under the administration of the British Raj.
  • April 24 – The Second Serbian Uprising against Ottoman rule takes place in Takovo, Ottoman Serbia. By the end of the year Serbia is acknowledged as a semi-independent state; the ideals of the First Serbian Uprising have thus been temporarily achieved.

May
  • May 3 – Battle of Tolentino: Austria defeats the Kingdom of Naples, which quickly ends the Neapolitan War. Joachim Murat, the defeated King of Naples, is forced to flee to Corsica, and is later executed.
  • May 30 – The Arniston, an East Indiaman ship repatriating wounded troops to England from Ceylon, is wrecked near Waenhuiskrans, South Africa, with the loss of 372 of the 378 people on board.

June
June 18: Battle of Waterloo

July

August
  • August 2 – Napoleonic Wars: Representatives of the United Kingdom, Austria, Russia and Prussia sign a convention at Paris, declaring that Napoleon Bonaparte is "their prisoner" and that "His safe keeping is entrusted to the British Government." [4]
  • August 7 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon is transferred to HMS Northumberland, to begin his forced and final second exile, on the remote island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.[5]

September

October
  • October – Robert Adams, American sailor and the first Westerner to visit Timbuktu, is found wandering the streets of London, starving and half-naked, leading to the invitation for him to tell his story as a Barbary captive, which is later published as The Narrative of Robert Adams.[7]
  • October 3 – The Chassigny Martian meteorite falls in Chassigny, Haute-Marne, France.
  • October 15 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon begins his exile on Saint Helena in the Atlantic Ocean.
  • October 23 - A 6.8 earthquake shakes northern China causing many houses and caves to collapse, killing at least 13,000 people.

November

December

Date unknown
  • The first full-blooded European native born in New Zealand, Thomas King, is born in the Bay of Islands.
  • The second wave of Amish immigration to North America begins.
  • In the United Kingdom, use of the pillory is limited to punishment for perjury.
  • Wisden Cricketers' Almanack retrospectively recognises statistics for first-class cricket in England from this year.

Births

January–June
Edward Clark

July–December
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Ada Lovelace

Date unknown
  • William Farquharson Burnett, British commodore (d. 1863)

Deaths

January–June
Emma, Lady Hamilton
José de Córdoba y Ramos
William Howe De Lancey
  • January 8 – Edward Pakenham, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1778)
  • January 16 – Emma, Lady Hamilton, politically active British courtesan, lover of Horatio Nelson (b. 1765)
  • January 24 – Sir Charles Malet, 1st Baronet, British East India Company official (b. 1752)
  • February 9 – Ellen Hutchins, Irish botanist (b. 1785)
  • February 22 – Smithson Tennant, English chemist, discovered the elements iridium and osmium (b. 1761)
  • February 24 – Robert Fulton, American inventor (b. 1765)
  • February 26 – Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Austrian general (b. 1737)
  • March 4 – Frances Abington, English actress (b. 1737)
  • March 5 – Franz Mesmer, German developer of animal magnetism (b. 1734)
  • April 3 – José de Córdoba y Ramos, Spanish explorer and naval commander (b. 1732)
  • April 21 – Joseph Winston, American patriot, Congressman from North Carolina (b. 1746)
  • May 11 – Aletta Haniel, German business person (b. 1742)
  • May 25 – Domenico Puccini, Italian composer (b. 1772)
  • June 1 – Louis-Alexandre Berthier, French marshal (b. 1753)
  • June 16 – Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, German noble, general (killed in battle) (b. 1771)
  • June 17 Louis-Michel Letort de Lorville, French general (b. 1773)
  • June 18 (killed at the Battle of Waterloo):
    • Jean-Jacques Desvaux de Saint-Maurice, French general (b. 1775)
    • Guillaume Philibert Duhesme, French general (b. 1766)
    • Sir Alexander Gordon, British staff officer (b. 1786)
    • Claude-Étienne Michel, French general (b. 1772)
    • Sir Thomas Picton, British general (b. 1758)
    • Sir William Ponsonby, British general (b. 1772)
    • Jean Baptiste van Merlen, Dutch-Belgian general (b. 1773)
  • June 26 – William Howe De Lancey, British quartermaster-general (mortally wounded at Waterloo) (b. 1778)
  • June 27 – Jean-Baptiste Girard, French general (mortally wounded at Ligny) (b. 1775)

July–December
John Singleton Copley

References
  1. Atlanta Gazette, Issue 1815.43 p. 7
  2. Longford, Elizabeth (1986). "194". In Hastings, Max (ed.). The Oxford Book of Military Anecdotes. pp. 230–234. ISBN 9780195205282.
  3. Sutherland, John; Fender, Stephen (2011). "15 June". Love, Sex, Death & Words: surprising tales from a year in literature. London: Icon. pp. 228–9. ISBN 978-184831-247-0.
  4. Charles Jean Tristan, Count Montholon, History of the Captivity of Napoleon at St. Helen (E. Ferrett & Company, 1846) p83
  5. Andrew Roberts, Napoleon and Wellington: The Battle of Waterloo- and the Great Commanders who Fought it (Simon and Schuster, 2001) p199
  6. Tim Chapman, The Congress of Vienna 1814-1815 (Routledge, 2006) p60
  7. Adams, Charles Hansford (2005). The Narrative of Robert Adams: A Barbary Captive. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. x.
  8. To a meeting of the Royal Society in Newcastle upon Tyne.
  9. "Icons, a portrait of England 1800-1820". icons.org.uk. Archived from the original on October 16, 2009. Retrieved September 11, 2007.
  10. Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 247–248. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  11. Johnson, H. Earle (1986). "Handel and Haydn Society". In Hitchcock, H. Wiley; Sadie, Stanley (eds.). The New Grove Dictionary of American Music. Vol. II. London: Macmillan Press. p. 318. ISBN 0-943818-36-2.
  12. Dunn, Elwood D.; Beyan, Amos J.; Burrowes, Carl Patrick (2000). Historical Dictionary of Liberia. Scarecrow Press. p. 284. ISBN 9781461659310.
  13. "Biografía de José María Morelos" (in Spanish). Historia del Nuevo Mundo. August 2, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
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